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The persian war has just ended and Athens needs to rebuild their city and Sparta has been weakened and needs to rebuild their army

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War breaks out between the Delian league which is the Athenian empire and their allies and Peloponnesian league which was sparta’s empire and their allies,  but suddenly a plague strikes Athens, and they are weakened. Athens made a truce to not fight while they were recovering

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Athens attacked the city of Syracuse but lost and Sparta retaliated. The Athenians attempted to evacuate Syracuse, but it failed and almost all of the soldiers were captured or killed.

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Athens begins to starve because they were enclosed by a big wall around their city. The wall was over 20 miles long

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Athens has no other option and has to surrender. The peloponnesians win and they take over.

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Sparta took over the Athenian Empire and democracy was suspended, but eventually the oligarchs were overthrown and democracy was restored.