# data[].attributes.body
Here is our wonderful cell. Inside the cell, we have our nucleus and ribosome. Inside the nucleus, are the chromosomes we mentioned before. Let's take a closer look.

# data[].attributes.body
Inside your body, thousands upon thousands of things are going on at once. And one of them is Protein Synthesis. Protein synthesis is one of the most important functions because it makes proteins for your body. In this short documentary, Kenneth and I will explore the process of protein synthesis.

# data[].attributes.body
BLUE = JIMMY
GREEN = KENNETH

# data[].attributes.body
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is present in every single organism known to man-kind. It is the outline of every one of our bodies. That includes reptiles, insects, mammals; like you, and even bacteria. DNA, made up of sugar and phosphate, is located in the nucleus of the cell, tightly packed into shapes called chromosomes. In a single chromosome, all the DNA reaches up to 180 centimeters! And I mind you, a single chromosome. And there are 24 of them in each cell.

# data[].attributes.body
Here, we have our DNA model. Please refer to the key located on the screen if you need to. This DNA model has base pairs. Base pairs are two nitrogen-containing bases that form together to create the structure of the DNA. The base pairs that pair together are adenine + thymine, and cytosine + guanine. Mind you, these are the only pairs that fit together.

# data[].attributes.body
(don't forget that it is composed of a sugar and phosphate)

# data[].attributes.body
The RNA polymerase unzips the DNA so that the messenger RNA can access it. The mRNA is created using the other side of the DNA as a reference.

# data[].attributes.body
In order for the knowledge that the DNA contains to be used, the information must leave the nucleus. This is why we have messenger RNA. As you can guess, messenger RNA, also called mRNA, is used to move knowledge out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the cell, where it is used to create proteins. mRNA is similar to DNA but is only single-stranded, and instead of using thymine, it uses a new base-pair called Uracil.

# data[].attributes.body
Once the mRNA is finished, it escapes the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, it attaches to a ribosome.

# data[].attributes.body
Then comes the tRNA. tRNA, also referred to as transfer RNA, is used to transfer amino acids to the ribosome for protein production. The mRNA strand from earlier lets us know which amino acids we need to make a specific protein. Amino acids come in food and are broken down in our bodies.

# data[].attributes.body
The transfer RNA interprets the mRNA in codons to decide which amino acid to use. Codons are a group of three consecutive bases. These codons are correlated with different amino acids.

# data[].attributes.body
The tRNA reads the codons with their anti-codons. Anti-codons are on tRNA, and they tell us what amino acid that it is holding. This is used so that the tRNA can find its area on the mRNA strand to find its corresponding codon, and can attach to make sure the correct order of amino acids is created.

# data[].attributes.body
The amino acids that the codon connects with can be determined using a Codon Chart. As you can see, in our mRNA strand, we have a codon of GUU. The corresponding tRNA would attach with its anti-codon, CAA. Using the Codon chart, we can determine that the amino acid being used is Valine.

# data[].attributes.body
To let the tRNA know that the protein is finished, there is a certain type of codon called a stop codon. Once this codon is read, then the amino acids will detach from the ribosome. When this chain of amino acids is finished, it turns into a protein.

# data[].attributes.body
All organisms are made up of proteins, including you, the viewer. These proteins help us function in basic tasks in our body. Some of the proteins stay in the cell to be used there, or some proteins might leave the cell to do some work in another area. Proteins are essential for us to live, so thank protein synthesis to keep the production going.

# data[].attributes.body
Protein Synthesis is what makes vaccines work, including the COVID vaccine. mRNA vaccines use messenger RNA created in a lab to instruct our body how to create a specific protein, that activates an immune response. This immune response produces anti-bodies, which will defend us from COVID.

# data[].attributes.body
First, the vaccine is shot in your upper arm. Next, the messenger RNA enters your human cell and instructs them to produce a spike protein. The spike protein is on the COVID-19 virus, and it is necessary since it has the antibodies to fight the COVID-19 virus. Once this spike protein is finished, the cells break down the mRNA and dispose of it. After that. the cells put the spike protein on their surface. Your immune system knows that the spike protein isn't supposed to be there, and in doing so, your immune system creates the antibodies needed to fight the sickness. As a result, this drains your immune system. In the end, this teaches your body how to fend off future infections that cause COVID.

# data[].attributes.body
The benefits of taking the vaccine is that you gain protection without having to go through getting COVID.

# data[].attributes.body
This concludes our short documentary on protein synthesis. Thank you for watching, and it is our pleasure to have you here with us.