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Although the number of women scientists and researchers has been increasing in recent years, females’ visibility cannot be evaluated only quantitatively(Eizmendi-Iraola & Peña-Fernández, 2023). Accordingly, researching how female scientists are represented in the media is crucial. Media representations of female scientists matter due to the media's educational role in teenagers, which may influence boys and girls with different gender norms and even hinder girls from making scientific career decisions. Therefore, it is necessary to examine current female scientists’ representations and understand females' real circumstances.

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This study will conduct the method of content analysis and select news from BBC News and China Daily as its sample.

Content analysis focuses on the texts (Walter, 2019, p255). Due to the analysis unit being news coverage, it is suitable to use content analysis in this study.  Furthermore, the method of content analysis is well-established and commonly used in communication and journalism studies (Walter, 2019, p255). It is also noteworthy that content analysis is considered as an applicable approach in gender research (Neuendorf, 2011).

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The news coverage of BBC News and China Daily from January 2021 to October 2023 will be taken into account.

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Firstly, defining “female scientist” is crucial, since I will examine the sample by searching the keyword. To investigate comprehensively, “female scientist” will refer to two groups of women mentioned in news coverage in this study:

a) women who are in a research group regardless of publishing or discipline and

b) women who express professional opinions grounded on their academic knowledge and backgrounds.

Secondly, stereotypes of female scientists will be coded into 4 categories, which are attached as the cover.

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Findings about the presence of stereotypes

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Findings about the presence of stereotypes

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From 29 news coverage about female scientists in China Daily and BBC News, the content with stereotypes accounts for nearly 28%. Among four types of stereotypes, the content which highlights females’ caring responsibility to their families is most frequent, making up above 20%. So I conclude that it is more common to focus on female scientists balancing work and family, while this question hardly bothers male scientists by comparing news about males. What follows is the stereotype that stresses difficulties related to their gender. The appearance and characteristics remain the same proportion in this sample unit. However, aside from possible biased descriptions, there are several news reports describing females as independent and intelligent as well, which shows progress in the news. For future analysis, calculating the frequency of adjectives about females is also applicable to examine the female scientists' representations.

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Eizmendi-Iraola, M., & Peña-Fernández, S. (2023). Gender Stereotypes Make Women Invisible: The Presence of Female Scientists in the Media. Social Sciences, 12(1).

Social research methods / edited by Maggie Walter. (2019). Oxford University Press.

Neuendorf, K. (2011). Content Analysis-A Methodological Primer for Gender Research. Sex Roles, 64(3–4), 276–289.