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Essentialists do not have a singular philosophic base

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Essentialism is rooted in idealism and realism

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Many of this philosophy believe schools have turned too soft and need to only focus on the basics

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A very conservative approach that focuses on testing and strict truths

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ALL ABOUT THE BASICS: it is the worlds job to inform students off all else

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There was a major push for the 3 R's back into school... specifically religion

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Essentialism does not believe there is room for extracurriculars in school

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Learning is hard and it takes discipline : boils learning to basic problems and projects

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Emphasis on memorization and drills. Effort over intrest

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Teachers are at the center of the classroom

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The teacher is an all knowing presence and they are not required to learn or guide, rather dictate

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The teacher demands respect but does not need to give it

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Arose in the 1930's

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Wrapped in the 3 R's : Reading, Writing, Arithmetic

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Mainstream approach for education (US)

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This philosophy began to take hold in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Largely dissolving around 1950.

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Arose as a reaction to traditional educational theory- Pragmatism being a key influence in its formation

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Opposed: the authoritarian teacher, heavy reliance on textbooks, passive learning by memorization, the separation of education to social reality, and the use of fear as a punishment

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The student is the focal point of the school rather than the subject matter

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Central belief that children have a natural desire to learn and discover things about the world around them

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Curriculum and teaching method should be formed around the students' needs, interests, and initiatives

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Children naturally tend to oppose whatever in imposed on them so by capturing the student's natural interest, the teacher can then teach students skills that will assist them in meeting current needs and desires

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Looks to have the student and teacher work together rather than in a traditional 'adversarial' relationship

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Students seen a individuals who have their own set of needs, desires, feelings, and attitudes

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Students are active in their learning rather than passive

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Teacher's role is that of an advisor rather than authoritarian

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School is seen as a microcosm of the larger society. We are still constantly learning in every day life

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Classroom activities should revolve around problem-solving

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The school culture should be democratic and cooperative

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Knowledge is an instrument for managing experience- not transferred from teacher to student