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Indigenous art is the oldest expression of art in the entire world and can date back to at least 60,000 years ago. Using the lands soils and rocks, Indigenous people could produce paintings and carvings (Poulter, 2016). Dot painting started at the time of European settlement and was used to hide deep meaning, secret knowledge and stories in their art from non-indigenous people (Poulter, 2016). It is now a well-known style of indigenous art today, specifically within a Western Australian tribe, Pintupi (Poulter, 2016).

Poulter, J. (2016, October 23). 10 things you should know about Aboriginal art. Culture Trip. https://theculturetrip.com/pacific/australia/articles/10-things-you-should-know-about-aboriginal-art

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Australia is home to beautiful and unique fauna. Australia's most iconic animals include kangaroos, koala, wombat, saltwater crocodiles, humpback whales, dingoes, and much more (Metz & Beasly, 2023). I always see kangaroos around my home in Dawesville and even have them coming up to my window. I think that foreigners give Australia a stereotype for having dangerous animals like snakes and spiders, but I think it is highly exaggerated.

Lee, D. (2016, May 3). It's time you learned the truth about kangaroos [Photograph ]. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/2/11565552/what-do-we-know-about-kangaroos-really

Metz, A., & Beasly, C. (2023, June 28). Beginner's guide to Australian wildlife – Tourism Australia. Travel to Australia - Australian Tourism Information - Tourism Australia. https://www.australia.com/en/things-to-do/wildlife/guide-to-australias-animals.html#iconic-animals

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Country focus: Iraq is a country in the Middle East, and it has a federal parliamentary government, its official language is Arabic. Since the 1980's Iraq has continuously experienced war. Violence against the two main Muslim groups, the Sunni and the Shi’a resulted in a humanitarian crisis in Iraq, and this increased the migration of Iraq-born migrants to Australia (Department of Home Affairs, 2018). This also continued to increase during 2003 when the US invaded Iraq. This has always been a priority within Australia’s offshore Humanitarian Program, and they were the largest nationality granted visas under the offshore Humanitarian Program over 2005-2015 (Department of Home Affairs, 2018).

According to the Australian refugee health practice guide, there are three common health concerns shown in refugees coming from Iraq to Australia (Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide, n.d.).

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV): HBV is a serious viral infection of the liver, and it can be chronic or acute. There is no treatment for acute HBV, but chronic HBV can be treated with medicines like tenofovir or entecavir, these medicines reduce worse case scenarios like liver cancer ("Hepatitis B", 2023)

Malaria: Malaria is a parasitic protozoal infection caused by the genus plasmodium and is spread through mosquito bites (Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide, n.d.). The treatment for malaria always requires medicine, and the chosen medicine will depend on factors like the type of malaria, weight and age of the person, and what the parasite is resisted to. Common medicines include artemisinin, chloroquine, and primaquine ("Fact sheet about malaria", 2023)

Schistosomiasis: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection caused by trematode worms from freshwater snails. Medicine is required for the treatment of schistosomiasis, praziquantel specifically is recommended against all forms of schistosomiasis ("Schistomiasis", 2023)

Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. (n.d.). Refugee Health Assessment. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/schistosomiasis/

Department of Home Affairs. (2018). Iraq-born Community Information Summary. https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/mca/files/2016-cis-iraq.PDF

Fact sheet about malaria. (2023, March 29). World Health Organization (WHO). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria

Hepatitis B. (2023, July 18). World Health Organization (WHO). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b

Schistosomiasis. (2023, February 1). World Health Organization (WHO). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis

Smith, W. (2001, February 9). flag of Iraq. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Iraq

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When I visited the pinnacles back in 2020. 

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The Pinnacles of Nambung National Park is a major natural attraction in Western Australia. They are limestone structures that formed around 25,000 to 35,000 years ago (White, 2023). The pinnacles originated in the ocean where lime rich sand from broken down seashells were swept to shore and formed sand dunes (White, 2023). Coastal winds then swept through the sand dunes leaving the limestone structures exposed (White, 2023). The Pinnacles are an interesting historical aspect of our land and was great to see for myself.

White, W. (2023, September 1). Pinnacles WA: Local's guide to these natural wonders 2023. Western Australia Expert. https://westernaustraliaexpert.com/pinnacles-western-australia/

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Close the gap campaign strives to reduce and close the health and life expectancy gap between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and Non-Indigenous Australians ("Close the gap: Indigenous health campaign", 2022). It aims to do this by the year 2030. The campaign ensures Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples participate in addressing their health needs, with a long-term evidence-based action plan that addresses the current inequalities in health services ("Close the gap: Indigenous health campaign", 2022).

Close the gap: Indigenous health campaign. (2022). Australian Human Rights Commission. https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-social-justice/projects/close-gap-indigenous-health

Kilroy, P. (2016, April 1). Discovery, settlement or invasion? The power of language in Australia's historical narrative. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/discovery-settlement-or-invasion-the-power-of-language-in-australias-historical-narrative-57097

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Anzac biscuits are a symbol of national pride and have deep meaning behind them for Australians. During World War 1 in Gallipoli when supply of fresh food and water was scarce, these biscuits came handy because they were a healthy nutritional substitute for bread and did not go moldy easily (Tisi, 2018). They were also made to raise funds for the army and were sent by wives and families (Tisi, 2018). Due to the texture and hardness of the biscuit, soldiers used to even write messages or paint on them and send them back to loved ones (Tisi, 2018).

Nagi. (2020, April 23). Anzac biscuits. Recipetineats. https://www.recipetineats.com/anzac-biscuits-golden-oatmeal-cookies/

Tisi, M. (2018). The history of the ANZAC biscuit. PlantingSeeds. https://www.ps.org.au/content/articles/2018/4/23/the-history-of-the-anzac-biscuit

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My partner, Jye, surfing in Margret River, Western Australia. 

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Australia has always been known for being one of the world's premier surfing destinations. The people, language, fashion and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing is huge to Australians and is a lifestyle for some of them. In many households, including my own, surfing is a part of our wellbeing and happiness.

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Social determinants refuges and migrants face when coming to Australia. 

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Social determinants refuges and migrants face when coming to Australia. 

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Why social inclusion and non-discrimination, access to health care, and employment is hard for refuges and migrants coming to Australia.

Chen, W., Wu, S., Ling, L., & Renzaho, A. (2019). Impacts of social integration and loneliness on mental health of humanitarian migrants in Australia: evidence from a longitudinal study. Wiley Oline Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1753-6405.12856

Hynie, M. (2017, December 4). The Social Determinants of Refugee Mental Health in the Post-Migration Context: A Critical Review. Sage Journals. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0706743717746666

Refugee and migrant health. (2022, May 2). World Health Organization (WHO). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/refugee-and-migrant-health

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(Migrant & Refugee Womans Health Partnership, 2019)

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My reflection on Domain 7: Professional practice

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My reflection on Domain 7: Professional practice

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For me, I think that I have not always recognized how my values and beliefs could affect the interactions I have with others. The domain 7 of professional practice stuck out to me because it has improved my understanding of what areas I should work on to be culturally responsive with refugee and migrants I will one day care for. For example, practice point 7 talks about using plain English and explaining complex terminology to enhance a person's understanding. I think this is important because I do not want miscommunication or to complicate the interaction while using an interpreter. I think this could potentially result in poor care for a refuge or migrant patient, which would be awful. I believe I now have a new understanding of how to be culturally responsive and will apply this in my future nursing practice by making sure that I simplify complex concepts and break down terminology, making sure the interpreter is not left to do so (Migrant & Refugee Womans Health Partnership, 2019).

Migrant & Refugee Womans Health Partnership. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds. https://cbrhl.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Culturally-responsive-clinica.pdf

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My partner and I's nutritious breakfast on the beach while camping, great memory. 

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Health to me means that my loved ones and I are physically and emotionally well. When I think of my family and I's health, I think of the choices and habits we have that can lead to good health outcomes. When somebody I care about is unwell, it affects me too. When we are doing well with work, making a good income, nourishing ourselves with healthy food, getting good sleep, going to the gym together, and doing the things we love, we really thrive.