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In this assignment, I will be presenting a blog post that will discuss various topics and how they relate to tourists traveling from France to the UK. I will also be talking about how decisions made about tourism are impacted by the larger external socio-economic, environmental, political/ legal environments.

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A tourist is someone who travels to a destination for enjoyment, particularly while they are on vacation. They could also be travelling for business/ education. Any type of visitor, whether they have travelled domestically, foreign, or both, is considered a tourist (or an overnight visitor) if they plan to stay overnight. travellers who do a same-day visit (or excursionists) are considered same-day visitors if they do not stay overnight. (Cambridge Dictionary, 2023) It is challenging to define what a tourist is because there are so many distinct kinds of tourists. (Sagepub.com, 2023)

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Tourist typologies are the study of classes having shared traits; categorization, particularly of human goods, conduct, traits, etc., based on type; a comparative examination of structural or other attributes; this kind of classification or analysis. (Oxford English dictionary 2022) some examples of typloygies used in tourism are…

Plogs typology= This is the first model to segregate different types of travellers; they have been identified as psychocentric, near psychocentric, mid-centric, near allocentric, and allocentric according to (latvin 2006). it focuses on explaining how a destination often changes as a result of its widespread appeal in the travel industry. An allocentric tourist is a tourist that is inclined to be adventurous and is always searching for new experiences and places to visit. An psychocentric tourists are the opposite to allocentric. Rather than due to financial or other practical problems, people frequently reject to travel by plane for psychological reasons. Allocentric travellers, in contrast, are gregarious, self-assured, and daring.

According to Plog's theory, a destination's popularity will fluctuate over time based on the kinds of visitors that find it interesting (Stainton, 2021).

I believe that both allocentric and psychocentric tourists can travel to the UK from France as there are many different ways one can travel back and forth including by plane, ferry, train and road travel. There are also many different types of holidays that tourists can go such as retreat weekends which are more relaxing holidays or adventure holidays which can include going on boat rides and visiting fairs during the different yearly seasons.

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There are many different ways that tourists travelling from Both France and the UK can access both destinations. Above I present a table with figures taken from the visit Britain website (VisitBritain.org, 2023) that show the rough numbers for the amount of tourist travelling to an from the UK via France in 2023.

The Union des Aéroports Français (UAF) currently has 169 airports as members which is the union of French airports. (https://www.connexionfrance.com, 2023)

When looking at France’s outbound travel, in 2022, there were45.7 million outbound trips from France resulted in expenditures of US$41.3 billion on foreign travel; according to the visit Britain website. In the same year, France sent 2.8 million tourists to the UK. A record £1.6 billion was spent by the travellers overall during their visits, with an average of £557 spent by each passenger. (VisitBritain.org, 2023) A almost higher number of travellers fly from France to Britain than use the Channel Tunnel to get there.

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An example of a model of consumer behavioural tourism is cooper’s (2013) model of consumer behaviour; this model demonstrates the recurring pattern of purchasing goods related to tourism.

Cohen (1972) developed a typology that categorises tourists into four groups:

A mass tourist who is organised is a tourist who is the least adventurous traveller who, during their vacation, stays mainly in their cosy surroundings. The traveller makes no decisions during the prearranged journey.

A mass tourist who is unorganised is similar to a mass tourist who is organised with the exception of a partially flexible itinerary,  mass tourists and organised mass tourists are very alike. The traveller is free to choose their own schedule and is not restricted to just their pre-planned itinerary all of the important arrangements are still done via a trip operator, but the tourists are open to some changes.

Explorers often travel to unusual locations and plan their travels independently, explorers nevertheless look for comfortable lodging and reliable transportation. They attempt to step outside of the environmental bubble and attempt to blend in with the locals.

And lastly, drifters The explorer plans their own travels and has no set schedule or agenda.. (Prince, 2017) (Antonis Grigoriadis, 2018)

When tourists travel from France to the UK, they are most likely having dinner in a restaurant, seeing well-known structures and monuments, or purchasing something this could be either clothes electronics or other items that tourists use on a day-to-day basis. We know this by looking at the Visit Britain website (VisitBritain.org, 2023) and social media platforms such as TikTok and Instagram. These social media platforms are also a way that destinations are being advertised to tourists who are looking to travel. Tourists film GRWM(get ready with me’s) and day-to-day vlogs when visiting these holiday destinations as a way to show what they did during their holiday. This is considered as good publicity for the destinations as other tourists are encouraged to visit and want to do the same things that they saw others doing online.

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Gnoth and Dean’s (2012) mode (ResearchGate, 2014)

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The Gnoth and Dean (2012) model allows us to see how each individual tourist views their experiences, activities, and relationships with the place they are visiting. (ResearchGate, 2014) ADD POWERPOINT REFERENCE

According to a new survey published today by VisitBritain (VisitBritain, 2017), the national tourism agency, tourists from the Middle East are the most enthusiastic foreign shoppers in Britain, and one in three French visitors purchase British food and drink to take home. 3 out of 4 French visitors purchase British food and beverages to bring home. When buying souvenirs, Scotland is more popular than the rest of England.

Potential French visitors might be interested in "taking a canal boat tour through the waterways of England," "spotting wildlife in the Scottish Highlands," "riding the scenic 'Hogwarts Express' (Harry Potter train) through the Scottish Highlands," and "going on a food tour of one of London's best foodie markets."

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Numerous micro and macro factors influence visitors to France, influencing their personal travel experiences as well as the country's overall tourism environment. Cultural exposure has a big impact on travellers' tastes and decision-making on a micro level (Smith & Li, 2017). Gastronomic tourism is driven by the attractiveness of French food, which is ingrained in the fabric of culture and draws tourists looking for real culinary experiences (Hall & Sharples, 2008). When visitors see the unique beauty and friendliness of French villages, local interactions add to the micro impacts (Jamal & Robinson, 2009).

In addition to the significant economic contribution of tourism to France, macro consequences also include broader aspects. The tourism and travel industry's ability to create jobs and propel economic expansion is highlighted by the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC, 2021). Furthermore, tourism brings up issues of environmental sustainability and has an impact on the development of infrastructure and policy (Song & Li, 2008; Gössling et al., 2020). It is beneficial for enterprises, governments, and the local communities involved in tourist dynamics in France to have an in-depth understanding of the subject by taking into account both macro and micro views.

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The Role of Technology and The Digital Age

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The Role of Technology and The Digital Age

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while in the country, tourists and residents can use the 400 WiFi hotspots that are available in 260 sites throughout Paris, whether you're at a museum, park, or library. They'll make your visit to the City of Light even more enjoyable. Additionally, Bordeaux, Marseille, and Nice have free WiFi. (France.fr, 2023) As wifi in this destination is so accessible, an organisation polled French consumers about the "most popular online shops," "Amazon" came out on top, with "Rueducommerce.fr" at the bottom of the list. These findings are based on a representative online poll that 2,022 French consumers participated in in 2023. (Statista, 2023)

According to (Travelstride.com, 2024), an online source below is a list of the top tourist operators in France with ratings of at least 4.5 stars

Exodus Travels. 29 trips to France.

Trafalgar. 4.6.

preferred. CroisiEurope. 4.5.

Interrailing Packages. 4.8.

preferred. Costsaver. 4.4.

Explore! 4.7.

Contiki 4.7

Intrepid Travel.

These tour operators work with many airlines, but the most popular airline in France is Air France-KLM. They are a holding company consisting of two national airlines, marking a first for the decades-long French and Dutch airline traditions represented by Air France and KLM. Air France-KLM, when combined, is the biggest airline group in Europe and among the biggest globally.(Glassdoor, 2019)

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Attractions related to culture, history, and cuisine have a significant impact on French tourism consumerism. Cultural experiences are in great demand due to the nation's rich legacy, which includes famous sites like the Eiffel Tower (Dredge, 2017).

Moreover, the well-known French food serves as a strong lure for food tourism (Hall & Sharples, 2008). According to Munar, Gyimóthy, and Cai (2016), tourists who are looking for distinctive and genuine experiences find resonance in marketing strategies that prioritise storytelling and experiential marketing.

Using these cultural assets, French tourist marketing techniques highlight the attraction of varied experiences in order to draw in and hold the interest of a worldwide consumer base.

The UK is highly valued in France for its overall culture, modern culture, sports, energetic cities, old buildings, and cultural legacy; welcome and picturesque natural beauty are rated lower. (VisitBritain.org, 2024)

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According to the VisaGuide Passport Index, as of January 2024, the French passport is ranked fifth in the world. This means that 160 nations throughout the world are open to French nationals travelling without a visa. However, holders of French passports need to apply for a visa in advance in order to access other countries. French nationals are able to visit the UK visit free for a period of 6 months. (Visaguide. world, 2021) (VisaIndex.com, 2023) (The UK’s points-based immigration system: Information for EU, EEA and Swiss visitors, n.d.) This would influence tourist with a French passport to travel to the UK as they can spend long periods of time in the destination and will be able to come and go as they please for this amount of time at a time with a valid French passport.

In France, the yearly leave entitlement for employees is thirty days (working days). Although employers may agree to anticipate the days, they accrue the days at a rate of 2.5 vacation days per month. (Boundless, 2023)

If, while temporarily staying in England and you are travelling from an EU or Swiss country and become unwell or experience a medical emergency, you are able to use a valid EHIC from your home country to access healthcare services in the UK. (Health, 2019) This would be a factor that would encourage visitors from France as this is a reassurance that their healthcare will be taken care of in the event of an emergency while they are visiting.

The life expectancy of people in France is higher than that of people in several other countries, such as the US, Germany, and the UK. With the age of 80 years old (2020)(World Bank 2020) (https://www.connexionfrance.com, 2023) a higher life expectancy will have a positive affect on tourism as tourists will be travelling for much longer than if the life expectancy in the country was lower. It will also allow for a wider range of different types of tourism as the tourists will want different things on their holiday due to different ages and other demographic factors.

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Exchange rate today from euros to GBP(great British pounds) (Google.com, 2017)

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Exchange rates have a big impact on tourism because they vary how much foreign visitors must spend on travel and other expenses. Exchange rate fluctuations can have an effect on traveller preferences and total tourist spending (Dritsakis, 2012). For example, a stronger home currency could increase the cost of a location and therefore discourage travellers (Balli & Balli, 2013).

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On average, visitors to the UK should plan to spend between £100 and £200 per day. Group tour packages to the United Kingdom provide tourists with an easy and economical way to travel. The tour cost includes accommodation, transportation, numerous meals, and plenty of enjoyable excursions. (Expatexplore.com, 2024)

In comparison to the UK, a two-night, three-day journey to France for a budget traveller can cost anything from 250 to 450 EUR, these are only approximate costs and that real expenses may change based on the trip preferences made by the tourists, activities, and other expenses. (Trip.com, 2023)

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When looking at visitor characteristics, according to the Visit Britain website, almost three out of five French vacationers (apart from citizens of the United Kingdom) want to return to Britain in the next ten years. British nationals make up 33% of visiting friends and relatives (VFR) travellers from France. Excluding British nationals, 98% of departing visitors say they would "likely" or "extremely likely" recommend a trip to Britain. (VisitBritain.org, 2023)

In France we can find residents and visitors of all races and ages; below is a lift of the specific percentages of different religions that people are in the destination beginning with the largest percentage. (2015 est.)(Indexmundi.com, 2015)

63-66% of people identify as Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)

7-9% as Muslim

0.5-0.75% as Buddhist

0.5-0.75% as Jewish

0.5-1.0% as other

23-28% as none

Many French nobles did escape to England during the French Revolution, along with other countries including Austria, Russia, and the United States. England was a well-liked travel destination because of its close vicinity and the established connections between the English and French royalty.(Quora, 2019)

in addition to this, there are some differences between France and the UK including the very obvious language barrier as English is spoken in the UK and French is spoken in France. some other cultural differences between the two destinations are that they drive on different sides of the road with the UK driving on the left and France driving on the right.

The UK has a constitutional monarchy with a strong emphasis on national identity and historical ties. And France had a republic formed by the French Revolution, with a strong focus on liberty, equality, and fraternity (de, 2019)

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Above is a table showing the average retirement ages in France according to the French 2023 cleiss.(Cleiss.fr, 2023) the older the retirement age, the more time that tourists will have to make trips around the world including the UK.

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Source taken from (VisitBritain.org, 2023)

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This is a table showing the most recent key demographics and some economic data in France.

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Understanding the Tourist Through Trends and Data Analysis

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Understanding the Tourist Through Trends and Data Analysis

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Maintaining the UK's attraction to French tourists requires careful observation of statistics and trends. Stakeholders may change strategies in response to changing preferences and behaviours through routine analysis (Dwyer & Mistilis, 2006). The UK can maintain its competitive advantage in the global tourism environment and ensure sustained appeal among French tourists by customising its tourism products in response to market trends. This proactive strategy fosters the adaptability and resilience of the industry.

by knowing and understanding the trends that will keep French tourists coming to the UK they will be able to continue to come up with innovations to bring in even more tourists to the destination as the trends change and develop so will the UK.

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