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-Neil Armstrong

-July 20th 1969

-Apollo 11 <- rocket

-The USA is the only country which has succesfully conducted crewed mission to the moon

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-Computer with a RAM of 4KB + 32KB, smallest, fastest,most nimble computer created for their era

-60cm x 30cm x 15cm

-30kg

-Now we have faster and lighter computers with storage capacities

-a Phone is more powerful than the Apollo 11 guidance computer

-The apollo 11 Computer was the first computer of significance, to use a integrated circuit and a computer chip

-The Apollo guidance computer contained just 73 kilobytes of memory, meaning it's far less computing power than a typical microwave today.

-The Apollo computers were designed with a memory called “core rope memory.”

-it's only flaw was that it had to be made by hand

Each wire representing a 1 or a 0 in the computer program had to be positioned with absolute precision, by a person, using a needle, and wire instead of thread. A wire threaded through the center of a tiny ring-shaped magnet was a one. A wire threaded to the outside of that magnet was a zero.

-it also contained over 589,824 ones and zeros of computer programming, and every single one and zero, every single wire, had to be positioned exactly correctly, or some part of the computer’s sophisticated flight program wouldn’t work right.

-many of these computers were made by women, many of them former textile workers, in a Raytheon factory in Waltham ,Massachusetts.

-it took eight weeks to weave the memory for a single flight computer

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-the general plan is to explore more of the lunar surface than ever before, including the region near the lunar south pole.

-there are two test missions planned, Artemis 3 will mark humanity's first return to the lunar surface in over 50 years

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Rope memory from the Apollo guidance computer

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Rope memory from the Apollo guidance computer

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economic activity, like provision of goods, services and commercial value, in and from outer space

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-The USA is one of the leading countries regarding space exploration and investing into it

-international governments use investment to demonstrate their power and find a way to strengthen the countries economy

Space has become a lucrative business over the years - reports show that in 2009 commercial space transportation (& related activities) generated over 200 billion US$ in economic activity just in the United States.

-in 2023 the global space economy grew 8%, reaching $546 billion

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-Position: The fourth planet in the solar system

-Radius: 3,389.5 kilometers

-Color: Red (Iron(III)oxide in the soil)

-Gravity: 0.376 g

-Atmosphere: very thin, primarily consisting of CO2

Temperature: -110 C - 35 C (surface)

-Moons: Phobos, Deimos

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- First successful flyby: 1965, NASA, Mariner 4

- First successful unmanned landing: 1971, Soviet Mars Program, Mars 3

- Planned mars missions:

* NASA aims to put a person on Mars by 2037

* NASA published 3 phase plan to a fully sustained colonisation of mars called „Journey to Mars“ (2015)

* Stage 1 „Earth Reliant“: utilizing the ISS until 2024

* Stage 2 „Proving Ground“: human missions to Mars in the 2030s

* Stage 3 „Earth Independent“

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Year: 2035

Mission: Ares III exploring Acidalia Planitia

Crew: 6 People

Duration: 31 sol (ca. 32 days)

Situation on Mars: multiple module station, 2 rovers, 1 transport shuttle, Hermes spacecraft in Mars‘ orbit

Scientific accuracy:

-„The Martian is reasonably realistic“ James L. Green, Director of the planetary science division at NASA‘s Science Mission Directorate

-set too early in time (2035)

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Year: ca. 2350

-Late 21st century: colony of earth

-Early 23rd century: independence (Martian Congressional Republic)

-Population (TV show): over 9 billion

-Situation on Mars:

- Cities and shipyards build into mountains and canyons connected by tubes

- Needs some of earths recourses

- Terraforming project

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-launch of private or government satellites into earth orbit

-between 1996 and 2002, 245 launches were made for commercial ventures (comparison: only 167 government launches)

-development of efficient reusable launch vehicle (RLV):

Companies like Space X, Virgin Atlantic and Blue Origin are developing modern RLV's

-Satellite maufacturing: annual growth of 11% in the USA and 13% worldwide

Satellite imagery:

-images of earth or/and other planets and stars collected by imaging satellites operated by the governments and businesses

-satellite imaging companies sell images by licensing them and selling them to the governments and businesses for ex.: Apple maps and Google maps

Space tourism:

-different types including orbital, suborbital and lunar space tourism

-orbital space-tourism only performed by Russian space agency

Commercial recovery of space resources:

-exploitation of raw materials from asteroids, comets and other space objects

- known as "Asteroidmining"

Examples of space economy for the public

- Website to buy property on the moon for 40-50 dollars per 0.4 ha

-a 90 minute flight to space with virgin athletic costs $450,000