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6 Reasons AI Does Not Deserve Our Trust 

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6 Reasons AI Does Not Deserve Our Trust 

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Informational Source

Rhetorical Situation

Writer-Alex Polyakov December 28, 2020

Text/Subject-Informational article giving 6 reasons why we should be skeptical of AI.

Audience-population questioning and learning the new technology

Context-Research and government initiatives regarding safety, privacy, security and other issues related to AI technology

Summary

In this article written by Alex Polyakov from Forbes magazine presents reasons as to why we shouldn't be scared of AI. It is clear that AI has become so advanced. The question that you think about as you read the article is "should I be worried about AI taking over, is it safe?" In this article are 6 reasons why AI should not be trusted. These reasons are safety, security, privacy, transparency, ethics, accountability. Only if AI meets all these requirements can we trust it. AI is amoral and makes decisions purely on calculations so ultimately it is safe to say it truly can not wipe away the use and importance of the human mind in every day life.

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Co-Founder of Stealth Mode. Speaker. Trainer. Geek.
What comes to mind when you hear the words "artificial intelligence"? If you are a movie buff, maybe you think of Jarvis or Agent Smith. If you are more into tech, you might imagine Elon Musk's Teslas and Spotify's mind-reading music recommendations. Maybe you are even aware of the fact that AI performs best in complex calculations and monotonous analysis. Or more mundane things pop into your head: machines that recognize weapons in luggage, identify people on security camera footage, open doors via facial recognition.

But whatever your mind conjures can be corrupted and turned against you. And the worst thing is that you will be none the wiser.
1. Safety
Artificial intelligence is an imitation of a human mind. It bypasses our flaws, but it is vulnerable to influences just like us. Unlike us, it lacks inherent morality, guidance of values and norms. AI is amoral and bases its decisions purely on calculations. How can we trust that an AI is acting in our best interest? How do we protect it from being corrupted? And how do we make sure it wasn't designed corrupted in the first place?
2. Security and Robustness
These questions can be answered with the same set of criteria derived from research and government initiatives: safety, privacy, security, robustness, transparency, fairness, ethics and accountability. I would argue that if any of these is not fulfilled, then an AI is not worthy of trust.
3. Privacy
Safety is the most obvious and fundamental. The phrase "First do no harm" is a crucial principle that, when betrayed, the consequences are dire and irreversible. In 2018, a driver died when his autopiloted Tesla crashed into a concrete barrier. While this case was a disastrous outlier, a 2019 research paper attempted to show that lines strategically painted on the road could hijack AI driving algorithms or make them crash the vehicle.

Security is focused on restricting access and maintaining the integrity of the data within the system, as well as keeping it available at all times. Thousands of algorithms take advantage of the gaps in the armor of robustness and security of AIs. These adversarial attacks keep getting invented. And for the lack of universal defenses, AI engineers tailor measures of security to each new one. A design error or a vulnerability to a particular adversarial attack could allow AIs to be fooled or tempered with. And if that is possible, then anything from gaining access to secure locations by wearing a printed T-shirt to hijacking someone's wheelchair becomes possible.
4. Transparency and Fairness
The principle of privacy also centers on preventing harm. There have been plenty of data leaks, and every one of them is a chance for wrongdoers to identify or profile individuals without their consent - to learn information about their health, finance and personal life.

Eighty-one percent of Americans who believe data collection poses more risks than benefits have reason to worry. But as researchers have discovered, people of color and ethnic minorities are at greater risk than others. Because they are underrepresented, their data is more easily de-anonymized after the aforementioned leaks.
5. Ethics and Sustainability
Transparency in regard to AI is broadly defined. At the very least, users know that they are interacting with an AI, not a human. At the very most, all technical processes and data are documented, available and clearly explained.

The scandal with exam scoring in the U.K. is a great illustration of what a lack of transparency leads to. Apparently, when grading students, apart from their performance, the algorithm considered the schools' prior grades and the number of people who have gotten the same score. AI researcher Jenny Brennan thinks that "What was missing here was transparency and scrutiny around the goals of the algorithm, with plenty of time [for changes]." If the creators had been transparent, they could have corrected the problems with the algorithm before deployment, but now thousands of students have lost sleep and opportunities.

Artificial intelligence has to strive for ethics and fairness. It has to subscribe to the documented and enforced societal norms (i.e., laws), which is straightforward, if technically challenging. The real dilemmas start where the government enforcement lags behind the times or takes a laissez-faire approach. The responsibility to determine the ethical balance between stakeholder interests, means and ends, and rights to privacy and data collection fall on AI engineers and the owners.
6. Accountability
Big tech is routinely accused of perpetuating sexism - and not only in the workplace. Activists and scholars argue that "female" voice assistants normalize the view of women as servants and caregivers.

AIs often repeat racist leanings that are present in human judgment. For instance, until August 2020, U.K. Border control used a biased algorithm to help make decisions regarding visa applications.

Accountability guarantees that a system can be assessed for the other elements mentioned above. Most companies already create internally accountable AIs to monitor progress and prevent loss of profits. Yet they may not allow external review or control. This is the case with Clearview AI. The company's face identification technology is better than anything on the market, but it is privately owned and distributed at the will of its owners. In the hands of an oppressive regime or criminal organizations, it could put thousands in danger.

Now that I have sufficiently scared you, let me put a Band-Aid on this bullet wound. There does exist a framework designed to ensure that AI systems remain secure, and as I've noted here, AIs should be safe, robust, secure, private, fair, transparent, ethical, sustainable and accountable if they are to be worthy of our trust.

Forbes Technology Council is an invitation-only community for world-class CIOs, CTOs and technology executives. Do I qualify?

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Council Post: Six Reasons AI Does Not Deserve Our Trust

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AIs should be safe, robust, secure, private, fair, transparent, ethical, sustainable and accountable if they are to be worthy of our trust.

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Why AI Won't Take Over The World Anytime Soon 

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Why AI Won't Take Over The World Anytime Soon 

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Informational Source

Rhetorical Situation

Writer-Bernard Marr May 13,2014

Text/Subject-Article looking closer into the growing technology, providing reasons for safe and ethical AI advancements.

Audience-general population learning about the growth of AI and fearing what it will do to the growing world

Context-Ideas on anticipating risks of AI and securing it so we can use it as a powerful tool for advancement

Summary

Artificial intelligence is unlikely to take over the world anytime soon, and this can be a huge relief for people who are scared for their future. Although a very amazing advancement in technology, it is very unnerving to think that artificial intelligence can replace humans. AI is not capable of understanding and applying knowledge like a human. Currently AI operates under strict limitations, designed to excel in a particular arena but cannot reach past that narrow border of this technology. AI researchers and policymakers are working hard to ensure that AI evolves in ways that are safe, ethical, and mirror human values. Safety is key when it comes to AI. Many regulations need to be in place as AI advances. It will take a long amount of time for artificial intelligence to be safe enough to wear humans do not fear it but are excited by the amazing technology.

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In an era where artificial intelligence features prominently in both our daily lives and our collective imagination, it's common to hear concerns about these systems gaining too much power or even becoming autonomous rulers of our future. Yet, a closer look at the current state of AI technology reveals that these fears, while popular in science fiction, are far from being realized in the real world. Here's why we're not on the brink of an AI takeover.

Understanding Narrow AI: The Workhorse Of Today's Technology

The majority of AI systems we encounter daily are examples of "narrow AI." These systems are masters of specialization, adept at tasks such as recommending your next movie on Netflix, optimizing your route to avoid traffic jams or even more complex feats like writing essays or generating images. Despite these capabilities, they operate under strict limitations, designed to excel in a particular arena but incapable of stepping beyond those boundaries.

This is true even of the generative AI tools that are dazzling us with their ability to create content across multiple modalities. They can draft essays, recognize elements in photographs, and even compose music. However, at their core, these advanced AIs are still just making mathematical predictions based on vast datasets; they do not truly "understand" the content they generate or the world around them.

Narrow AI operates within a predefined framework of variables and outcomes. It cannot think for itself, learn beyond what it has been programmed to do, or develop any form of intention. Thus, despite the seeming intelligence of these systems, their capabilities remain tightly confined. For those who fear their GPS might one day lead them on a rogue mission to conquer the world, you can rest easy. Your navigation system is not plotting global domination-it is simply calculating the fastest route to your destination, oblivious to the broader implications of its computations.

The Elusive Goal Of Artificial General Intelligence

The concept of artificial general intelligence, an AI capable of understanding, learning and applying knowledge across a broad spectrum of tasks just like a human, remains a distant goal. Today's most sophisticated AIs struggle with tasks that a human child performs intuitively-recognizing objects in a messy room or grasping the subtleties of a conversation.

Transitioning from narrow AI to AGI isn't merely a matter of incremental improvements but requires foundational breakthroughs in how AI learns and interprets the world. Researchers are still deciphering the basic principles of cognition and machine learning, and the challenge of developing a machine that genuinely understands context or displays common sense is still a significant scientific hurdle.

Data Dependencies And Their Limitations

Another factor is that current AI systems have an insatiable appetite for data, requiring vast amounts to learn and function effectively. This dependency on large datasets is one of the primary bottlenecks in AI development. Unlike humans, who can learn from a few examples or even from a single experience, AI systems need thousands-or even millions-of data points to master even simple tasks. This difference highlights a fundamental gap in how humans and machines process information.

The data needs of AI are not just extensive but also specific, and in many domains, such high-quality, large-scale datasets simply do not exist. For instance, in specialized medical fields or in areas involving rare events, the requisite data to train AI effectively can be scarce or non-existent, limiting the applicability of AI in these fields.

That means that the notion that AI systems might spontaneously evolve to outsmart humans is, therefore, more than just unlikely.

A Managed Evolution

While AI continues to evolve and integrate deeper into our lives and industries, the infrastructure around its development is simultaneously maturing. This dual progression ensures that as AI capabilities grow. As AI technology progresses, so does the imperative for dynamic regulatory frameworks. The tech community is increasingly proficient at implementing safety and ethical guidelines. However, these measures must evolve in lockstep with AI's rapid developments to ensure robust, safe, and controlled operations.

By proactively adapting regulations, we can effectively anticipate and mitigate potential risks and unintended consequences, securing AI's role as a powerful tool for positive advancement rather than a threat. This continued focus on safe and ethical AI development is crucial for harnessing its potential while avoiding the pitfalls depicted in dystopian narratives. AI is here to assist and augment human capabilities, not to replace them. So, for now, the world remains very much in human hands.

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Why AI Won't Take Over The World Anytime Soon

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Discover why the fears of AI taking over the world are unfounded, at least for the foreseeable future. Learn about the current limitations of AI technology.

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Small Story About Artificial Intelligence

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Small Story About Artificial Intelligence

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Creative Source

Rhetorical Situation

Writer-Cognixia Blog

Text/Subject-John McCarthy coined the term Artificial Intelligence in 1955 and related it to 4th Industrial Revolution.

Audience-general world population

Context-Short history of the father of AI, John McCarthy

Summary

John McCarthy I learned was the father of the term artificial intelligence. McCarthy made significant contributions to AI. He was a strong advocate for the idea that machines could be made to simulate human reasoning. He believed that AI could be able to problem solve like humans are able to. He helped pave the way for technology advancements. John McCarthy was responsible for the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. He is not alive today but he is forever known as one of the greatest innovators of this technology. John McCarthy, a computer scientist, began the path of changing the technological world as we know it.

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A long time back, in 1926, a family emigrated from Ireland to the USA. The family was not rich; in fact, they were jobless during the time of depression in the US. The father worked as a clothing labour organizer and the mother was an activist at a women's suffrage movement. In 1927, they gave birth to a boy, named John. John was a child prodigy so despite starting his schooling late due to child illness, he finished it early.

While in school he developed a deep interest in Mathematics and joined BS program at CalTech with an intention of becoming a professor in mathematics. He graduated in 1948 and further moved on to pursue his Masters. In 1951, he received his Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton. Via Dartmouth and MIT, he became a full-time professor at Stanford in 1962, where he remained until his retirement.

His research was ignited after attending a conference on "Cerebral Mechanisms in Behaviour", and so began his quest to develop machines that could think like people. His research was based on the objective to explore ways to make a machine that could reason like a human, was capable of abstract thought, problem-solving and self-improvement. He believed that "every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it."

Today, John McCarthy is known as the father of Artificial Intelligence, computer scientist pioneer, and inventor of AI. He coined the term Artificial Intelligence in 1955 for the 1956 AI at Dartmouth Conference.

AI or Artificial Intelligence will change the world. This phenomenon is also referred to as the fourth industrial revolution.

Nils J. Nilsson has provided a useful definition:
"Artificial intelligence is that activity devoted to making machines intelligent, and intelligence is that quality that enables an entity to function appropriately and with foresight in its environment."
But AI is not a technology of the future, it is all around us today!

Some examples include:-

1. Products are recommended to you on Amazon, Flipkart, Snapdeal, and many other online shopping sites.

2. You listen to music on youtube, and there will be a listen to recommendations on the side.

3. When you chat with customer support (you are actually chatting with chatbots) that's AI.

4. When you ask your Amazon echo to change your playlist, that's AI.

But these are only humble beginnings of AI and there's much more to come. Analysts believe that one day AI technology could be your lawyer, accountant, and your doctor.

But how can a machine recreate the technical human expertise acquired over the many years? Where accuracy and safety are critical matters, can we confidently rely on robots?

The answer to this is that companies like Google, Amazon, IBM, Microsoft, Uber, Facebook, Apple, Skype, Salesforce, shell and many emerging companies are investing millions of dollars to make this phenomena work.

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Small Story about Artificial Intelligence | Cognixia

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The blog post gives a short story which started in 1926 about John McCarthy who is well known for the father of Artificial Intelligence.

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Creative Source

Rhetorical Situation

Writer-iStock by Getty Images

Text/Subject-Creative images and photos of the idea and design of AI

Audience-general population who sees and uses AI every day

Context-Gives a way to generate interest in the picture, ultimately trying to show what AI represents

Summary

The photos are high quality images from istock. iStock’s collection is unique and very inspiring. All the photos are so interesting. Some images very simple and those that are more in depth. Many audiences find these images appealing. There are many from simply AI, to AI intelligence health, to AI intelligence human, to Robot, to AI face. Take your pick of what kind of image you feel like viewing and there it is. This site definitely helps put an image to the different AI technologies out there, so far. More advancement to come so there will be more posted day by day I am sure.

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Artificial Intelligence Stock Photos, Pictures & Royalty-Free Images - iStock

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Search from Artificial Intelligence stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else.

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Creative Source

Rhetorical Situation

Writer-Tim O'Reilly, Tech Insider

Text/Subject-quick video by Media founder highlighting reasons why not to be scared of AI

Audience-world population excited and worried about AI taking over

Context-Business Insider spoke with O'Reilly Media founder Tim O'Reilly about why we shouldn't fear AI will be smarter than humans

Summary

This video is in addition to the Tech Innovator Tim O'Reilly interview so I will speak more to this in my summary of that interview.

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Why We Shouldn't Fear AI, According To Tim O'Reilly

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WTF? Tech guru says don’t fear the future

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Tech innovator Tim O’Reilly: Don’t fear technology, robots or the future

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Tech innovator Tim O’Reilly: Don’t fear technology, robots or the future

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Informational Source

Rhetorical Situation

Writer-Bill Swindell "The Press Democrat" Sept 17, 2017

Text/Subject-Tim O'Reilly, web guru and internet pioneer.

Audience-general population interested in the people behind Artificial Intelligence technology

Context-Interview with Tim and his expression to not fear technology.

Summary

What else is there for Tim to say, he believes that AI should not be feared by the human population. He sees artificial intelligence as a tool to assist in human capabilities vs replace them. He feels like people tend to fear new technology but it should be used as a way to learn more. The society needs time to adjust to AI and not fear it but explore the benefits. It is necessary to work hard and fast to keep up with the advancements so safety does not come into play. Tim believes we shouldn't be scared but more so excited and be open to new ideas. Throughout history things have developed and changed but for the better. Humans will stay have jobs and be supportive to the idea that humans will learn more through the help of this new technology.

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WTF? Tech guru says don’t fear the future

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Tim O’Reilly says we are living in a giant robot already. ‘How do you find out about things? Through Google, through Facebook, through Twitter. There are these vast systems that combine algorithms and people.’

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What is your opinion about AI?

oes it scare you so much that you think it will take over human capabilities?

Are you excited about this advancement in technology?

What is something that has been designed using AI?