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The field of Health Informatics involves the disciplines of health care, information science, and computer science. Careers in Health Informatics often intersect with other skillsets, such as coding, data analysis, and cybersecurity defense mechanisms. 

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Here at Nova Southeastern University, I am in the Health Informatics community, as this is not only my major but my primary extracurricular activity. I serve as the IOC Chair for the organization and facilitate undergraduate recruitment to the program.

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How to be a Great Mentor | Kenneth Ortiz | TEDxBethanyGlobalUniversity - This Ted Talk highlights the importance of mentorship. Ortiz facilitates a discussion about the key elements of strong mentor and applies them to real-life. 

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I also serve as a mentor for undergraduate students here at NSU! I have experience mentoring 1st-3rd year students. My primary goals are to build meaningful connections with students, while providing insights into the strategies needed for academic and professional success. This program has allowed for me to learn the different facets of mentoring and develop strong communication skills.

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How to be a Great Mentor | Kenneth Ortiz | TEDxBethanyGlobalUniversity

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In the Health Informatics community, research is essential. Medical and health-related research allows for our field to propel and advance in impactful ways. The primary goals of research are to provide valuable insights and discoveries that benefit the patient and clinical populations. To facilitate such research, we often use the following platforms: medrxiv, PubMed, and SAGE Journals.

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Hexin Li, Rachel Monger, Elham Pishgar, Maryam Pishgar

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medRxiv - The Preprint Server for Health Sciences

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PubMed provides an amazing outlet for students to access and analyze literature within the healthcare and research fields. As the field of informatics grows, more of this information is being made available on PubMed.

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national center for biotechnology information

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PubMed® comprises more than 36 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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Out of all the resources listed, SAGE Journals is my preferred platform to search for research and literature. The organized interface provides a seamless experience for myself, which allows for me to navigate through a plethora of different categories related to Health Informatics.

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Many texts and articles about mentoring are made available on the internet. As a mentor, it is important that I continually update my skills and build my knowledge throughout the school year. Forbes is an exceptional platform that publishes numerous articles throughout the school year.

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How Great Mentors Inspire Curiosity To Drive Engagement And Innovation

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Great mentors do more than teach; they inspire curiosity, driving engagement, innovation, and adaptability. Mentorship builds innovative, resilient teams.

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After reading through the COMP 2000, I do not have any questions about the course. I feel that I have a strong understanding of our class requirements, as well as the expectations for myself as a student. I am excited for the semester that is to come!

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In the past, writing has served as an outlet for me to learn about complex topics and develop unique understandings of these ideas. The following aspects of writing were among those that were the most intriguing to me: the impact of emotion, culture, and psychology on writing (research or other genres). Psychology of Writing, written by Ronald T. Kellogg, analyzes the nuances of how individuals formulate their thoughts, ideas, and develop opinions through the writing process. Above is a small introduction excerpt about the book, which I may reference during my research process.

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The element of research that interests me the most is the preparation process. As we have been discussing in class, worknets are a strong tool that can employed to organize sources, develop connections, and identify any challenges that will occur during the research process. Since there is an immense amount of sources available on the internet, I feel that it will be essential for me to develop a comprehensive worknet. I am thinking about using color-coding to help my thought process during each different connection.

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This a link that provides an article for Question 1. My interest was sparked after reading! 

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After completing our discussion ('Research Project Ideas'), I have developed two specific research questions that pertain to different topics:

(1) What is the impact of the printing press on writing and society as whole? --> focuses on the economic, social, political, and academic impact of the integration of the printing press

(2) How did the psychology of writing evolve over time and how has this transformed the field of writing? --> analyzes historical understandings of psychology and writing, reader-writer dynamics, and motivators for writing with emotion.

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My second research question, as stated before, is the following: How did the psychology of writing evolve over time and how has this transformed the field of writing? --> analyzes historical understandings of emotions in psychology and writing, reader-writer dynamics, and motivators for writing with emotion. In this, I really wanted to dive deep into the historical/cultural events that have led this evolution, while also talking about the motivation for writing with emotion.

Now, upon brainstorming, I decided that including a discussion about the impact of AI/writing support tools on the 'emotions' in writing. Has this changed emotions in writing? Are students tapping into their emotions while writing, or relying upon this service to do so? This topic could be extremely interesting, but also insightful for readers!

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Limitations of AI in Creative Writing: Why AI is helpless?

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Discover why AI struggles with creative writing and explore the limitations of machine-generated content. Read more about AI’s role in…

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This image shows the evolution of the printing press - my goal is to take these small pieces of information and conduct a detailed, quality analysis of the changes that occurred. First, I must begin by familiarizing myself with this type of information.

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Answering Research Questions & Potential Approaches

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Answering Research Questions & Potential Approaches

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After completing the questions above, it is important to consider the methods that are most appropriate for answering my research goals. For myself, I believe it is best for me to do an analysis on different texts/journals, analyze unique case studies, and conduct comparisons between those using AI and those who are not (for my second research question). This methodology can also be used for my first research questions; but, for this, I would focus on searching for historical pieces of information (such as certain texts, images, or maybe even oral histories/quotes?). However, these artifacts must be credible.

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Printing Press ‑ Invented, Gutenberg, Significance | HISTORY -- this article included MANY key words and gave context to information surrounding my topic. 

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My first research question is the following: What is the impact of the printing press on writing and society as whole? --> focuses on the economic, social, political, and academic impact of the integration of the printing press.

Here are some key words: printing/Gutenberg press, history of printing, impact of technology, technological determinism, cultural shifts, enlightenment

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Printing Press - Invented, Gutenberg, Significance | HISTORY

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The printing press, which allows for the mass production of printed matter, originated in China before Johannes Guten…

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Source 1 - Strong PDF that includes numerous and repetitive key terms

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Social Impact: mass communication, literacy rates, social mobility, knowledge democratization

Political Impact: censorship, political revolutions, political propaganda

Academic Impact: Knowledge dissemination, academic publishing, scientific revolution, educational reform

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Recently, I have start utilizing Google Scholar. This platform has come a long way! Key word/search features are very helpful. 

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As I analyzed each research idea, I have decided to select option number one as my designated topic. I feel that this is a multifaceted, intriguing topic that will be exceptionally insightful to research.

The words listed in the posts prior are highly related to my topic. They are separated into unique categories which allow for me to look at general key words (for more broad searches, gaining context, or small pieces of historical information) and specific words/phrases (for smaller topics and details, which will bring a sense of depth to my research). These words are relevant to the topic at-hand but also provide insights into the key words that were being used in historical times. Instead of exhausting key words from one single source, I wanted to ensure that I included different phrases from an array of sources and discussion points.

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This diagram gave me a general direction of where to 'begin' when searching and categorizing my key words. 

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When searching for these key terms, I decided to use different categories to conduct my search. I was able to search for broad, narrow, similar, and related terms. Following this general guideline allowed for me to fill each of my different discussion points with the MOST relevant phrases. This reduces ambiguity when I begin my project, while also helping me be prepared and organized during the initial phases.

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This diagram is a helpful reminder as I continue to search through my sources and conduct literature reviews. 

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At the moment, I believe I am going to be focusing on the first two words/phrases for each different category (besides the first general category - this is for broader searches and looking for sources). These are my main focus points, as I do not want to oversaturate my writing with an array of topics; certain topics and key words should be discussed in-depth. This allows for a clear and meaningful analysis of my topic, while contributing to a stronger structure of my overall writing (more of a deep dive into these topics, as opposed to making surface-level investigations).

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Guides: Citation Styles: APA, MLA, Chicago, Turabian, IEEE: Overview - there are many websites that describe each citation style. Ones that are written and published by accredited universities/organizations seem to help me the most. 

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My greatest struggle with citations and works cited pages is the formatting and structural requirements. Due to each style of citations having unique rules (for commas, italics, spacing, capital letters, order of each part) this can lead to me making small errors with them. And, as we know, there are multiple versions of each style; therefore, it can be difficult to pinpoint the different requirements.

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This LibGuide was designed to provide you with assistance in citing your sources when writing an academic paper.

There are different styles which format the information differently. In each tab, you will find descriptions of each citation style featured in this guide along with links to online resources for citing and a few examples.

What is a citation and citation style?

A citation is a way of giving credit to individuals for their creative and intellectual works that you utilized to support your research. It can also be used to locate particular sources and combat plagiarism. Typically, a citation can include the author's name, date, location of the publishing company, journal title, or DOI (Digital Object Identifier).

A citation style dictates the information necessary for a citation and how the information is ordered, as well as punctuation and other formatting.
How to do I choose a citation style?
There are many different ways of citing resources from your research. The citation style sometimes depends on the academic discipline involved. For example:

APA (American Psychological Association) is used by Education, Psychology, and Sciences

MLA (Modern Language Association) style is used by the Humanities

Chicago/Turabian style is generally used by Business, History, and the Fine Arts

*You will need to consult with your professor to determine what is required in your specific course.

Click the links below to find descriptions of each style along with a sample of major in-text and bibliographic citations, links to books in PittCat, online citation manuals, and other free online resources.

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Guides: Citation Styles: APA, MLA, Chicago, Turabian, IEEE: Overview

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Need help with formatting citations? Use this brief guide to five major styles.

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Citing Sources | Harvard Guide to Using Sources - here is another great resource. This website helps clear up some of the ambiguity that can arise from citing unique sources of those with missing information. 

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Another struggle I have with citations, is citing work that is not a journal article. If I include clips from interviews, podcasts, videos, or short films, this makes it exceptionally difficult to pinpoint the structural requirements for these citations. There are many occurrences in which there are key pieces of information missing; as a result, the citation can be incorrectly formatted. This is a little overwhelming for me!

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Citing Sources | Harvard Guide to Using Sources

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Citations provide information to help your audience locate the sources you consulted when writing a paper or preparing a presentation. Some of your instructors will specify which citation format you should use; others will tell you to choose your own citation format as long as you use it consistently. The most common citation formats are MLA (Modern Language Association) style, which is primarily used for papers in the humanities; APA (American Psychological Association) style, which is primarily used for papers in the social sciences; and Chicago style (The Chicago Manual of Style), which is used for both humanities and social science papers.

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Introduction to Citation Styles: APA 7th ed - I watched many videos like this to help me structure my APA citations! 

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In both high school and college, I feel that some professors are very lenient on citation formatting. From my experience, they are placing a greater emphasis on avoiding plagiarism (so, having an in-text citation and reference is what would be required of students), as opposed to having strict structural requirements. As a result, I never really knew if I was correctly completing these citations in my work cited page.

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Introduction to Citation Styles: APA 7th ed.

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Upon researching different citation tools, many sources and researching students say this platform is an excellent source for citing/works cited pages. 

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To become more comfortable with citations, I will have to experiment with different citation tools to find one that works the best for me. Normally, I use numerous citations tools, depending on the course; however, it would be beneficial to search for the best one and use this as my primary tool.

Additionally, it is essential that I keep track of all of the necessary information related to each source. This will allow for me to stay organized and feel less overwhelmed by the citation processing!

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This is an example of what my cheat sheet would look like - clear, concise, and informative! 

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Another tip I have received includes the act of creating a cheat sheet for each different citation style. This will allow for me to quickly see the requirements for my citation, which will also help me stay organized throughout the research process (and this will help me avoid waiting until the end of my research to complete citations- this can be overwhelming!). Additionally, I feel that I avoid asking for help unless its absolute necessary; therefore, I hope to reach out to professors and ask questions about citations where necessary, especially when dealing with unique sources.

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For my topic, I have decided that conducting a historical and comparative analysis is the strongest approach. Instead of focusing on one specific movement, I feel that it is beneficial to compare past and present movements while including an analysis of the literature that influenced them. Focusing on certain movements can allow for me to narrow down my research topic, as we discussed in my last discussion post.

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Comparative Historical Analysis - Emanuele Ferragina

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I really liked this small snippet of information from an article that discusses the importance of conducting a comparative historical analysis. Through analyzing historical movements and literature and comparing them to society now, we can gain insights into the changes that have a long-lasting impact on society. Additionally, we can identify the points of 'inertia' in society in which led to a social/institutional change and analyze the impact of this.

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To refresh my memory about CHA, I decided to start looking up different videos and articles. This video was simple to understand and very insightful - Historical and Comparative Research

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Why a Comparative Historical Analysis (CHA)?

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Why a Comparative Historical Analysis (CHA)?

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For my project, a CHA is appropriate for analyzing the evolution of both writing and movements over a period of time. While I am able to compare and contrast these movements, I can take a deeper look at "critical junctures" - or, moments in time where literature was the catalyst for a societal change or movement. Once again, this narrows down my research topic and allows me to focus on a few key events and pieces of literature. Context will play a large role in this, as using literature as a tool for change will change depending on certain cultural or historical periods.

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Comparative-Historical-Analysis - this paper provided a concrete example of the ins and outs of conducting a CHA. For me, reading through a real example was exceptionally helpful! 

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From conducting a CHA, I believe that I will be able to identify and learn recurring themes that appear during times of social or cultural movements. Instead of just looking at the events, I can analyze the specific writings and protest slogans/information that contributed to social change; moreover, I can also pinpoint the authors that were at the forefront of these movements. This will allow for me understand how past movements and literature pieces have influenced contemporary actions in our society today.

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Although I have listed many benefits of conducting a CHA, it is important to consider the limitations of this approach. To familiarize myself with these challenges, I decided to conduct some research on my own to mitigate any potential obstacles that I may encounter while writing. The primary challenge relates to the complexity of comparing different movements within separate time periods; many individuals say this can lead to a selection bias and sway the writer into a certain direction. Therefore, to avoid this, I am going to diversify my sources and include counterexamples where necessary. I feel that my writing will become much stronger and well-rounded through incorporating numerous perspectives throughout my writing!

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Research Question Checklist (Duke University)

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My research question can be narrowed down to the following: In what
ways have literature and written language served as a catalyst for political and social movements, and how have these works contributed to societal change over time? This question allows for me
to conduct a detailed analysis of different movements, while making note of the literary pieces and historical context that were present at the time. I wanted my question to be broad enough to gather sources but equally narrow to create an organized and structured paper.

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For my first research method, I decided to use rhetorical analysis. Since my journal articles make numerous references to literary works (such as Uncle Tom's Cabin and To Kill a Mockingbird) I believe it was important to analyze the rhetorical strategies used to mobilize and motivate their audiences towards social movements. Conducting a rhetorical analysis allows for me to analyze kairos, ethos, pathos, and logos in relation to these articles and my journal sources. I used our book to narrow down my choices and select this research method.

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To guide my research method and process, I have started to create a list of questions for me to follow throughout my analysis of each piece. Here are two examples:
“How do writers incorporate logos - logical reasoning - to bring light to social and political structures and offer solutions for societal change?” and “How do authors incorporate pathos - emotional appeal/references - to evoke emotion or motivate their readers regarding social and
cultural injustices?" This can be repeated for each rhetorical technique and adjusted to fits its context.

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After researching and selecting to do a rhetorical analysis, I found that this method is the strongest tool for understanding 'persuasive power' - in other words, how a writer/literary figure uses certain strategies or techniques to influence, mobilize, or inspire action within social movements and different groups. This method would directly align with my research questions, which focuses on understanding how writing was used as a catalyst for movements.

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This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

Using Rhetorical Strategies for Persuasion
Summary:
These OWL resources will help you develop and refine the arguments in your writing.

There are three types of rhetorical appeals, or persuasive strategies, used in arguments to support claims and respond to opposing arguments. A good argument will generally use a combination of all three appeals to make its case.

Logos

Logos or the appeal to reason relies on logic or reason. Logos often depends on the use of inductive or deductive reasoning.

Inductive reasoning takes a specific representative case or facts and then draws generalizations or conclusions from them. Inductive reasoning must be based on a sufficient amount of reliable evidence. In other words, the facts you draw on must fairly represent the larger situation or population. Example:

Fair trade agreements have raised the quality of life for coffee producers, so fair trade agreements could be used to help other farmers as well.

In this example the specific case of fair trade agreements with coffee producers is being used as the starting point for the claim. Because these agreements have worked the author concludes that it could work for other farmers as well.

Deductive reasoning begins with a generalization and then applies it to a specific case. The generalization you start with must have been based on a sufficient amount of reliable evidence.Example:

Genetically modified seeds have caused poverty, hunger, and a decline in bio-diversity everywhere they have been introduced, so there is no reason the same thing will not occur when genetically modified corn seeds are introduced in Mexico.

In this example the author starts with a large claim, that genetically modified seeds have been problematic everywhere, and from this draws the more localized or specific conclusion that Mexico will be affected in the same way.

Avoid Logical Fallacies

These are some common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument. Also, watch out for these slips in other people's arguments.

Slippery slope: This is a conclusion based on the premise that if A happens, then eventually through a series of small steps, through B, C,..., X, Y, Z will happen, too, basically equating A and Z. So, if we don't want Z to occur A must not be allowed to occur either. Example:

If we ban Hummers because they are bad for the environment eventually the government will ban all cars, so we should not ban Hummers.

In this example the author is equating banning Hummers with banning all cars, which is not the same thing.

Hasty Generalization: This is a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence. In other words, you are rushing to a conclusion before you have all the relevant facts. Example:

Even though it's only the first day, I can tell this is going to be a boring course.

In this example the author is basing their evaluation of the entire course on only one class, and on the first day which is notoriously boring and full of housekeeping tasks for most courses. To make a fair and reasonable evaluation the author must attend several classes, and possibly even examine the textbook, talk to the professor, or talk to others who have previously finished the course in order to have sufficient evidence to base a conclusion on.

Post hoc ergo propter hoc: This is a conclusion that assumes that if 'A' occurred after 'B' then 'B' must have caused 'A.' Example:

I drank bottled water and now I am sick, so the water must have made me sick.

In this example the author assumes that if one event chronologically follows another the first event must have caused the second. But the illness could have been caused by the burrito the night before, a flu bug that had been working on the body for days, or a chemical spill across campus. There is no reason, without more evidence, to assume the water caused the person to be sick.

Genetic Fallacy: A conclusion is based on an argument that the origins of a person, idea, institute, or theory determine its character, nature, or worth. Example:

The Volkswagen Beetle is an evil car because it was originally designed by Hitler's army.

In this example the author is equating the character of a car with the character of the people who built the car.

Begging the Claim: The conclusion that the writer should prove is validated within the claim. Example:

Filthy and polluting coal should be banned.

Arguing that coal pollutes the earth and thus should be banned would be logical. But the very conclusion that should be proved, that coal causes enough pollution to warrant banning its use, is already assumed in the claim by referring to it as "filthy and polluting."

Circular Argument: This restates the argument rather than actually proving it. Example:

George Bush is a good communicator because he speaks effectively.

In this example the conclusion that Bush is a "good communicator" and the evidence used to prove it "he speaks effectively" are basically the same idea. Specific evidence such as using everyday language, breaking down complex problems, or illustrating his points with humorous stories would be needed to prove either half of the sentence.

Either/or: This is a conclusion that oversimplifies the argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices. Example:

We can either stop using cars or destroy the earth.

In this example where two choices are presented as the only options, yet the author ignores a range of choices in between such as developing cleaner technology, car sharing systems for necessities and emergencies, or better community planning to discourage daily driving.

Ad hominem: This is an attack on the character of a person rather than their opinions or arguments. Example:

Green Peace's strategies aren't effective because they are all dirty, lazy hippies.

In this example the author doesn't even name particular strategies Green Peace has suggested, much less evaluate those strategies on their merits. Instead, the author attacks the characters of the individuals in the group.

Ad populum: This is an emotional appeal that speaks to positive (such as patriotism, religion, democracy) or negative (such as terrorism or fascism) concepts rather than the real issue at hand. Example:

If you were a true American you would support the rights of people to choose whatever vehicle they want.

In this example the author equates being a "true American," a concept that people want to be associated with, particularly in a time of war, with allowing people to buy any vehicle they want even though there is no inherent connection between the two.

Red Herring: This is a diversionary tactic that avoids the key issues, often by avoiding opposing arguments rather than addressing them. Example:

The level of mercury in seafood may be unsafe, but what will fishers do to support their families.

In this example the author switches the discussion away from the safety of the food and talks instead about an economic issue, the livelihood of those catching fish. While one issue may effect the other, it does not mean we should ignore possible safety issues because of possible economic consequences to a few individuals.

Ethos

Ethos or the ethical appeal is based on the character, credibility, or reliability of the writer. There are many ways to establish good character and credibility as an author:

Use only credible, reliable sources to build your argument and cite those sources properly.

Respect the reader by stating the opposing position accurately.

Establish common ground with your audience. Most of the time, this can be done by acknowledging values and beliefs shared by those on both sides of the argument.

If appropriate for the assignment, disclose why you are interested in this topic or what personal experiences you have had with the topic.

Organize your argument in a logical, easy to follow manner. You can use the Toulmin method of logic or a simple pattern such as chronological order, most general to most detailed example, earliest to most recent example, etc.

Proofread the argument. Too many careless grammar mistakes cast doubt on your character as a writer.

Pathos

Pathos, or emotional appeal, appeals to an audience's needs, values, and emotional sensibilities.

Argument emphasizes reason, but used properly there is often a place for emotion as well. Emotional appeals can use sources such as interviews and individual stories to paint a more legitimate and moving picture of reality or illuminate the truth. For example, telling the story of a single child who has been abused may make for a more persuasive argument than simply the number of children abused each year because it would give a human face to the numbers.

Only use an emotional appeal if it truly supports the claim you are making, not as a way to distract from the real issues of debate. An argument should never use emotion to misrepresent the topic or frighten people.

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Rhetorical Strategies // Purdue Writing Lab

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This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice. Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission.

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For my primary sources, I have decided to look at Project Gutenberg, which is a digital library that allows for free access to hundreds of pieces of classic literature and writing. From this platform, I will be able to analyze different pieces in their exact form and make note of different strategies.

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For my secondary sources, I have organized and listed them in my most recent worknet. I selected scholarly and credible research articles that provide unique perspectives on my research question, while also referring back to concepts present in my primary sources.

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Since my research question aligns with qualitative research, a rhetorical analysis is the strongest method to use in my paper. Using a scientific method or approach is a better option for papers that are discussing measurable variables. Additionally, my sources in the worknet will help support a rhetorical analysis and align with the goals of qualitative research.

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Qualitative research has a rich tradition in the social sciences. Since the late 19th century, researchers interested in studying the social behaviour and cultures of humankind have perceived limitations in trying to explain the phenomena they encounter in purely quantifiable, measurable terms. Anthropology, in its social and cultural forms, was one of the foremost disciplines in developing what would later be termed a qualitative approach, founded as it was on ethnographic studies which sought an understanding of the culture of people from other societies, often hitherto unknown and far removed in geography. Early researchers would spend extended periods of time living in societies, observing, noting and photographing the minutia of daily life, with the most committed often learning the language of peoples they observed, in the hope of gaining greater acceptance by them and a more detailed understanding of the cultural norms at play. All academic disciplines concerned with human and social behaviour, including anthropology, sociology and psychology, now make extensive use of qualitative research methods whose systematic application was first developed by these colonial-era social scientists.

Their methods, involving observation, participation and discussion of the individuals and groups being studied, as well as reading related textual and visual media and artefacts, form the bedrock of all qualitative social scientific inquiry. The general aim of qualitative research is thus to develop concepts which help us to understand social phenomena in, wherever possible, natural rather than experimental settings, to gain an understanding of the experiences, perceptions and/or behaviours of those studied, and the meanings attached to them. Researchers interested in finding out why people behave the way they do; how people are affected by events, how attitudes and opinions are formed; how and why cultures and practices have developed in the way they have, might well consider qualitative methods to answer their questions.

What questions are best answered using qualitative research?

It is fair to say that clinical and health-related research is still dominated by quantitative methods, of which the randomised controlled trial, focused on hypothesis-testing through experiment controlled by randomisation, is perhaps the quintessential method. Qualitative approaches may seem obscure to the uninitiated when directly compared with the experimental, quantitative methods used in clinical research. There is increasing recognition among researchers in these fields, however, that qualitative methods such as observation, in-depth interviews, focus groups, consensus methods, case studies and the interpretation of texts can be more effective than quantitative approaches in exploring complex phenomena and as such are valuable additions to the methodological armoury available to them. Reference Denzin and Lincoln3

In considering what kind of research questions are best answered using a qualitative approach, it is important to remember that, first and foremost, unlike quantitative research, inquiry conducted in the qualitative tradition seeks to answer the question 'What?' as opposed to 'How often?'. Qualitative methods are designed to reveal what is going on by describing and interpreting phenomena; they do not attempt to measure how often an event or association occurs. Research conducted using qualitative methods is normally done with an intent to preserve the inherent complexities of human behaviour as opposed to assuming a reductive view of the subject in order to count and measure the occurrence of phenomena. Qualitative research normally takes an inductive approach, moving from observation to hypothesis rather than hypothesis-testing or deduction, although the latter is perfectly possible.

When conducting research in this tradition, the researcher should, if possible, avoid separating the stages of study design, data collection and analysis, but instead weave backwards and forwards between the raw data and the process of conceptualisation, thereby making sense of the data throughout the period of data collection. Although there are inevitable tensions among methodologists concerned with qualitative practice, there is broad consensus that a priori categories and concepts reflecting a researcher's own preconceptions should not be imposed on the process of data collection and analysis. The emphasis should be on capturing and interpreting research participants' true perceptions and/or behaviours.

Countering some misconceptions

In conclusion

Qualitative research has been established for many decades in the social sciences and encompasses a valuable set of methodological tools for data collection, analysis and interpretation. Their effective application to other disciplines, including clinical, health service and education research, has a rapidly expanding and robust evidence base. The use of qualitative approaches to research in psychiatry has particular potential, singularly and in combination with quantitative methods. Reference Crabb and Chur-Hansen8 When devising research questions in the specialty, careful thought should always be given to the most appropriate methodology, and consideration given to the great depth and richness of empirical evidence which a robust qualitative approach is able to provide.

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Qualitative research: its value and applicability | The Psychiatrist | Cambridge Core

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Qualitative research: its value and applicability - Volume 37 Issue 6

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Another reason why I have decided to use the qualitative approach of a rhetorical analysis is due to its ability to consider context (including historical context, writer's background information, intended audience, social/cultural context). Context is an essential component for understanding the 'why' behind an author's use of certain rhetorical strategies or approaches in their writing.

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A rhetorical analysis considers all elements of the rhetorical situation--the audience, purpose, medium, and context--within which a communication was generated and delivered in order to make an argument about that communication. A strong rhetorical analysis will not only describe and analyze the text, but will also evaluate it; that evaluation represents your argument.

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Research by Subject: How to Start Your Research: A DIY Guide: Evaluating and Narrowing Sources - very helpful source for narrowing down my sources

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From our last few assignments, I feel like I have gone through some trial and error, as there are so many different sources available online. However, I decided to swap out two of them for those that are more aligned with my research question. Since my topic is considerably broad, it can be easy to go down a rabbit hole of finding interesting pieces of information to discuss. But, in order to write this paper effectively, it is important that I narrow down my sources and make sure they are as aligned as possible with my research question.

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Research by Subject: How to Start Your Research: A DIY Guide: Evaluating and Narrowing Sources

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Research by Subject: How to Start Your Research: A DIY Guide: Evaluating and Narrowing Sources

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As I begin to finalize my first research method, I have started to search for my second approach. After reading through the chapter and looking up more information, I feel that a genre analysis would be beneficial to my research paper. Different genres of literary works employ unique rhetorical strategies; therefore, I could have develop a nuanced interpretation and analysis of these strategies and how they have been used to mobilize movements within society.

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After reading through the sample papers this week, I learned about the nuances of APA formatting and how these are applied in a real research paper. It was exceptionally helpful to see how all of these moving parts come together. Specifically, I learned more about an appendix and how to analyze primary research and the results that were discovered.

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In both of these sample papers, I feel that they did a great job at creating simple, but meaningful abstracts. Oftentimes I struggle with developing an abstract (overthinking the words, trying to make it perfect); however, these examples gave me a better idea of how to structure an abstract in a more seamless manner. This will help guide me as I construct my own abstract.

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In both of these sample articles, they do a notable job of synthesizing their sources and using these to build a strong argument. They actively linked these different studies together, which I feel is something that I want to accomplish in my own writing. Additionally, I liked seeing how they transitioned between different sections and topics - there was flow in their paper.

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Final Paper Concerns - Research Methods 

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Final Paper Concerns - Research Methods 

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Before going into my WCC appointment, I did have some hesitations about my first research method and how I was going to be able to use this in my writing. However, after restructuring and revising my writing, I feel much more confident going into my paper. But, I do feel that I have some concerns about my APA formatting, as I am still working through changing my quote collection activity. I am going to schedule a third WCC appointment to address these concerns.

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After doing this assignment, my only question relates to conducing a survey or observation. Is this a requirement to have one of these methods in our writing? The research methods I have selected are a content and discourse analysis; therefore, a survey or observation may not fully align with these methods. But, I could definitely make it work if needed.

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Progress on Primary Research Data Collection

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Progress on Primary Research Data Collection

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At this point of my research collection process, I have analyzed all of my sources and have synthesized different sources to one another. Making these connections has allowed for me identify preliminary trends and patterns.

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Identifying themes helps me stay focused on my research question and hypothesis. By grouping the data from these sources into separate themes, I can clearly denote how the findings interrelate and relate back to my original research question; this keeps my study on track throughout the entirety of the paper.

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After completing my literature review, I have received feedback from my classmate. Looking through this feedback, I was able to strengthen my connection between my sources but also make edits to my primary research method. This helped me related my themes more directly to my research question and also compare/contrast sources.

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In my research paper, I really wanted to include a strong figure analysis, as I believe this would be really helpful for my research question and connection of themes. I would like for my findings in the figure to help answer and provide clarity on the question I am addressing, while relating to the trends I discuss. These figures are exceptionally interesting in the context of the author's experiment and analysis, so I feel it is important to adequately explain their significance (and it adds another level of depth to my paper).

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Addressing Limitations & Future Research

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Addressing Limitations & Future Research

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In my research paper, I am working on adding a section that both addresses the limitations of different sources and also alludes to future research possibilities. This could propose research studies for the future and address gaps in my research - for me, I feel that this will make my research paper more well-rounded and comprehensive.

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At the moment, I have decided to complete my poster on Canva. I feel that this will allow for me to showcase my work in a concise and clear manner. This is the general template I will be using to organize my work.

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Currently, I am trying to put the MOST important information and results into the poster, and follow the general template as seen above (image taken from NYU). My goal is to have the poster grab the attention of the reader but also present a seamless transition between my different points.

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Although space is limited on my poster (especially as my topic is more writing-based and focused on conducting an analysis), I have decided to include both of my figures on the poster. This helps strengthen my arguments but also provides a strong visual aid for the audience.

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Focusing on the Greater Message & Future Research

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Focusing on the Greater Message & Future Research

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In my research paper, I hoped to emphasize the importance of conducting an analysis in the future about these topics. I looked at Purdue Owl's resource and found that these three questions should be the ones I answer/focus on at the end of my poster to hit at the potential for future research and exploration of my topic.

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For my internship class, we are presenting research in the undergraduate research symposium. My professor has been such a great help in the process of constructing the poster. I used my professor as a mentor to help me get an idea of how to construct a strong research poster using two different analytical methods; this helped me gain perspective on what my poster should look for all individuals, not just those in a composition class.

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Over the semester, I struggled the most with our quote collective activity and annotated bibliography. I feel that these assignments pushed me to understand feedback and look through resources for help - although I was challenged, I did feel a sense of relief when an assignment was finally marked complete.

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As I received incompletes on certain assignments, I found it very difficult to not get overwhelmed by the content. I am someone who is a perfectionist and doing well in good is VERY important for me. So, for me to be struggling, it was difficult at the beginning of the semester (especially as a senior).

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In previous courses, I have always been hesitant to ask for help. Not because I think am above that, but I just really like to be the one to figure out my mistakes and work through them. Therefore, this class taught me how to both ask for help and lean on those around me for support (it doesn't make me a failure).

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As the semester comes to an end, I made a goal for myself to finish STRONG in this course. I made sure to spend an extended amount of time on my paper, have mentors read through it, and complete little edits each day to ensure that I had read my paper in FULL multiple times before submitting.

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As this course ends, I truly will take the feedback I have received into my future endeavors. This course was unexpectedly the hardest one I have taken in college, but I am happy to have had this challenge. I feel that the information I learned helped me become a better writer and student, and I will use these tools as I enter the workforce. Thanks so much again for everything, Professor!