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From The doctrine prevented the Government concerning the Native Americans to them the made them look as a sovereign nation.But within US bounties

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An united way of Justifying takes Native American land but dates back to 1400s, Euro Christians was their God-given right to have the land from non-Christians But to DOD did give ownership of the new land to the government. But then again with DOD they made Native Americans the rightful occupants of the land but never legal ownership. Also fun fact that my teacher wants me to put in here is the two main effects is One - Prevent US from trying to conquer the Indians but still did it but they say it wasn't then two- Indians tribes were recognized as sovereign nations

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The "Indian Problem” was the white man’s problem of securing the prime agricultural lands that belonged to the natives. To remove Indians so Puritans were unsure if Indians were capable of salvation or were “worthy of Christian attention” a game to the white to save. So they put Indians on Plantations to segregate and isolate.

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The answer to the “Indian Problem” was to make the Indians accept their fate and move West. Then congressmen argued that removal from the West was impractical because land-hungry white settlers. They could not be restrained from crossing the Mississippi river to obtain land in the West. So what helped was War 1828 where Indians had a choice to go with America or British and it was confusing for the whites and Indians.

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1818 for 3 consecutive years, Indian commissioners with Choctaw leaders to discuss removal with 1820, they met at Doak’s Stand, Mississippi, where they finally come to an agreement. Choctaws cede 5 million acres east for 13 million acres in the west, along with financial and technical assistance with moving west, and annual payments to the tribe. To Andrew Jackson warned the Choctaws if they did not sign the treaty and move they would die in the east. Chief Pushmataha signed the Treaty of Doak’s Stand on Oct. 18, 1820.

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When Andrew Jackson was elected president, removal was intensified. And he was devoted to removal, and he was determined to do everything in his power to see it happen. States began canceling special privilege laws once afforded to the Indians and restricted tribal functions. May of 1830, Congress passed the IRA. Called for land exchanges with the Indians, but did not authorize forced removal. Gave the government, and President Jackson, the power to exchange Native-held land east of the Mississippi River for land to the west, in “Indian Territory” that the United States had acquired as part of the Louisiana Purchase. This act gave Jackson power to really push removal upon the tribes so it was inevitable.

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September of 1830 6,000 Indians gathered at the forks, of Dancing Rabbit Creek in Mississippi The Missionaries who had worked with the Choctaws were denied attendance. The government feared the influence of the missionaries who had cautioned Indians about certain agreements in the past and were afraid they would do the same here. Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek was signed on December 27, 1830, with the following provisions: The Choctaws would cede over 10 million acres in the east and similar amount in of acreage in the west in Indian Territory.

Removal would take place over a 3 year period- removal one-third of the tribe each year.

The Choctaws would be protected against intruders in indian Territory.

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DRC confirmed/firmly established government policy on Indian Removal. and was three removals but only the last was effective

First Removal

4,000 left for Indian Territory in October of 1831.

Divided into three groups, last of the three groups arrived in March, 1832. 250 died on the trip West.

Second Removal

The cost to hire private contractors was too expensive, the army was ordered to do it. Cholera epidemic strikes the group.

Third Removal

Preparations were made for the third removal, but news of suffering of the first two removals had reached the Choctaws who had yet to be removed in Mississippi.

Many refused to go because they feared for their lives.

During the removal, a boiler explosion on a riverboat killed several.

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Removal Treaty signed with the Chickasaws.

First signed in 1832 and amended in 1834.

Chickasaws ceded all their lands east of the Mississippi River  in exchange for lands in the West.

The first of it went on the auction block in 1836, even before tribesmen had located a suitable new home in the West.

Chickasaws were moved to temporary locations on their former lands while Gov sold their property to eager buyers.

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January 17, 1837, the Chickasaw leaders signed an agreement with Choctaw leaders in the West to these Choctaws agreed to sell a portion of the central and western areas of their nation in Southern indian territory to the Chickasaws for $530,000. And Within a month after the Treaty at Doaksville was signed preparations were being made for the first emigration.

Government declares each emigrating Indian will have daily rations:

1 lb beef, ¾ lb salt pork/bacon, 3 cups of corn/cornmeal or 1 lb of wheat flour, 1/100th of a gallon of salt.

Rations to be delivered at various locations along the way.

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THE REMOVAL TREATY (TREATY AT NEW ECHOTA)

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THE REMOVAL TREATY (TREATY AT NEW ECHOTA)

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June 22, 1839, the three leaders who had signed the Treaty of New Echota were killed in three separate incidents many miles apart.

First of many incidents in a fight amongst the tribe.

The dissension calmed with the signing of the unity agreement but was not completely over. It did rear back up during the civil war.

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THE REMOVAL TREATY (TREATY AT NEW ECHOTA)

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The federal troops assisted in the removal of the 2,000 that went west.

They didn’t disarm the Cherokees and herd women and children into detention camps.

The Georgia Guard was not so kind.

The Georgia Guard rode the countryside and captured Cherokee citizens and brought them to detention camps to be moved with the volunteers.

General Winfield Scott was sent to aid in the removal.

He threatened severe punishment for any man who committed the slightest indiscretion against the Cherokees.

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slaves fled into Florida when it was under Spanish rule. Many of them lived with the Seminoles. When commissioners or formers slave owners ventured into Florida to look for the runaways, both slaves and the Seminoles retreated further. Government officials tried to remove the Seminoles to the West or to attach them to the Creek tribe. The land given to the Seminoles was not suitable for agriculture

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Seminoles were starving and Gov promised to give them food if they signed.

The condition of the treaty was that the Gov would pay annuities to the Creek tribe, so the Seminoles would have to join them in order to get annuity.Seminoles called for a exploring party to assess the land West and the attitudes of the Creeks.The Treaty was signed in 1832, so it would become effective in 1833 with the first of three removals.But US didn’t ratify in a timely manner, Seminoles wanted treaty overturned US Gov insisted that the Seminoles should conform to the terms of the treaty.

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The most significant point of the treaty was that it changed the wording from the Payne’s Landing Treaty.

The new treaty indicated that only the exploring party had to approve of the new land, not the majority of the tribe.

Gov forced the move West despite the mix up with all the treaties.

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only 3,136 Seminoles had made it to Indian territory. Most of those moves were done so forcibly in chains by the army. More than 40% of the Seminoles died during the removal. Some Remain in Florida not counting lives lost, was $6,500 per Indian- a real fortune at that time and far more money than the land the Seminoles was living on in Florida was worth.