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Following the Mexican-American War, this treaty ceded nearly half of Mexico's territory to the United States. Approximately 75,000 Mexican citizens living in these territories became U.S. citizens, marking the first large-scale integration of Mexicans into American society.

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1882-1921: Railroad and Agricultural Expansion

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1882-1921: Railroad and Agricultural Expansion

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Mexican workers were actively recruited by U.S. companies to work on railroads and in agriculture, particularly in the Southwest. This period saw the first major wave of Mexican labor migration to the United States.

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The U.S. and Mexican governments established the Bracero Program, allowing millions of Mexican men to work temporarily in the United States, primarily in agriculture. This program was a response to labor shortages during World War II.

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The U.S. government implemented a controversial mass deportation program that resulted in the removal of approximately one million Mexican immigrants, including some U.S. citizens of Mexican descent.

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The Chicano Movement was a civil rights movement in the US advocating for the rights of Mexican Americans. It aimed to address issues such as labor rights, education reform, political representation and cultural pride.

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1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act

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1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act

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This landmark legislation granted amnesty to approximately 2.7 million unauthorized immigrants, many of whom were Mexican. It also introduced employer sanctions for hiring unauthorized workers.

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The U.S. implemented this border enforcement strategy, significantly increasing security measures along the U.S.-Mexico border, particularly near San Diego. This led to shifts in migration routes to more dangerous desert areas.

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The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program was implemented, providing temporary protection from deportation for young unauthorized immigrants, many of whom were from Mexico.

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The Migrant Protection Protocols required asylum seekers to wait in Mexico while their U.S. immigration court cases proceeded, affecting thousands of Mexican and Central American migrants.

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The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath led to new challenges in Mexican-American immigration, including Title 42 restrictions and their eventual lifting, resulting in significant changes to border policies and migration patterns.