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-Description: A war between the U.S. and Mexico over Texas.

-Cause/Effect

-Cause: The Mexican government had encouraged Americans to stay in Texas, but Mexico had already outlawed slavery. Americans wanted to keep their slaves, which led to Texas declaring its independence.

Effect: The expansion of the U.S. territory significantly increased tension over slavery, which steadily increased and soon led to the Civil War.

Perspective: Northerners were worried about slavery spreading to all the new land.

Connection: This connects to the Civil War because the gain of new land increased tensions over slavery, which eventually led to the Civil War.

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-Description: A group of anti-slavery men, led by John Brown, killed 5 pro-slavery men.

-Cause/Effect

-Cause: John Brown believed in getting rid of slavery with violence.

-Effect: Started "Bleeding Kansas".

-Perspective: Pro-slavery people were angry about their men being killed.

-Connection: This connects to Bleeding Kansas because the Pottawatomie Massacre is the reason it started.

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Raid on Harper's Ferry (October 16, 1859)

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Raid on Harper's Ferry (October 16, 1859)

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-Description: John Brown and a group of his supporters kidnapped people and stole military weapons.

-Cause/Effect

-Cause: John Brown and his supporters were angry about slavery and wanted to start a slave rebellion.

-Perspective: Southerners were now convinced that the Northerners would do anything to stop slavery.

-Connection: This connects to John Brown being hanged because the raid led to him being caught and put on trial for his crimes.

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Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)

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Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)

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-Description: The Emancipation Proclamation said that all slaves in the Confederate states would be free.

-Cause/Effect

-Cause: Abraham Lincoln drafted the Emancipation Proclamation because he felt that emancipation had to happen for the Union to survive.

-Effect: The proclamation made abolishing slavery into a specific goal for the Union.

-Perspective: Confederates wanted to keep the economic stability that slavery gave them. Also didn't want the federal government to get involved with the state's laws.

-Connection: This connects to the Civil War because the proclamation was written during the war.

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Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)

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-Description: A 3 day battle in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania that was apart of the Civil War.

-Cause/Effect

-Cause: A confederate commander wanted to invade the North to gain leverage.

-Effect: The Union won, ending the Confederates hopes of becoming an independent nation.

-Perspective: Union Soldiers gained a new confidence in their leader.

-Connection: This connects to the Civil War because it was one of the battles in the Civil War.

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13th Amendment (Passed on Jan 31, 1865 then ratified on Dec 6, 1865)

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13th Amendment (Passed on Jan 31, 1865 then ratified on Dec 6, 1865)

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-Description: An amendment that abolished slavery unless it is used as criminal punishment.

-Cause/Effect

-Cause: The 13th amendment was created because of the Civil War and the efforts of abolitionists.

-Effect: The 13th amendment officially made slavery illegal.

-Perspective: When slaves were freed, they were filled with a feeling of hope.

-Connection: This connects to the Civil War because the 13th amendment reflected what the Union was fighting for in the war.

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Wounded Knee Massacre (December 29, 1890)

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Wounded Knee Massacre (December 29, 1890)

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-Description: The U.S. Military went to the Pine Ridge Reservation and killed about 150-200 Native Americans.

-Cause/Effect

-Cause: The Natives in the area were doing the Ghost Dance ritual, to get rid of the white men. Also, the Sioux chief Sitting Bull being killed raised the tension at the Reservation.

-Effect: The Ghost Dance Movement was ended, and this was one of the last big battles between Americans and Native Americans.

-Perspective: Native Americans were angry and upset that many lives were unnecessarily lost.

-Connection: This connects to the Ghost Dance Movement because the Ghost Dance is what ultimately led to the Wounded Knee Massacre.

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Wounded Knee Massacre (December 29, 1890)

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15th Amendment (Passed on Feb 26, 1869 then ratified Feb 3, 1870)

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15th Amendment (Passed on Feb 26, 1869 then ratified Feb 3, 1870)

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-Description: The 15th amendment gave African American men the right to vote.

-Cause/Effect

-Cause: The 15th amendment was brought on by the Civil War and the aftermath of it.

-Effect: It gave all men the right to vote.

-Perspective: Southerners were angry that former slaves were allowed to vote because they still saw African Americans as inferior to them. They also felt as if the freed men were intruding on their lives.

-Connection: This connects to the Civil War because it shows the progress of what the Union fought for.

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15th Amendment (Passed on Feb 26, 1869 then ratified Feb 3, 1870)