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Duignan, B. 2020. postmodernism https://www.britannica.com/topic/postmodernism-philosophy#ref282558.

MasterClass. 2021. Metafiction. https://www.masterclass.com/articles/metafiction-guide

Mcewan, I. 2003. Atonement. New York: Anchor Books.

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What constitutes Atonement as a metafiction?

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What constitutes Atonement as a metafiction?

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The first moment you really can identify the metafiction is when it sounds like Briony is trying to rewrite the moment Cecilia came out of the fountain "this definition would refine itself over the years." (McEwan, 2003;p38). Telling the readers that she had changes that moment quite a few times. Briony was presented to the reader as a very unreliable narrator because she was lying about so many things, maybe this was Briony's way of just adding intensity and drama to her book.
Briony wrote the book as a way for her to admit and repent for the mistakes she made as a young girl. Knowing that the reader will only learn at the end that she is the author she had complete control over how the readers are going to perceive her, thus making her unreliable for the readers to be more sympathetic towards her.

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"Metafiction is a self-conscious literary style in which the narrator or characters are aware that they are part of a work of fiction. " (MasterClass, 2021). This means that the character in the novel is aware that they are apart of this novel and can influence the reader just as they wish. Commonly used in postmodern novels.

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3. "Reason and logic are universally valid" (Duignan, 2020). For postmodernists logic and reason are social constructs made to get people to adherre to social norms.

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2. "The descriptive and explanatory statements of scientists and historians can, in principle, be objectively true or false." (Duingnan, 2020). We have no solid proof if what we have been taught about everything we know is in fact true. There is no way if in knowing if every single piece of our history happened in the way we are lead to believe. How could one know if there really is a single truth?

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1."There is an objective natural reality." (Duignan, 2020) This means that postmodernism does not acknowledge just one reality. It forces us to question what reality really is? Do you and I perceive reality the same way? Making us think outside the box. For example, if you teach a child in his formative years that a fork is a spoon and a spoon is a fork that is his reality and it differs from yours but you still exist in the same world.

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Postmodernism allows people to be skeptic. It allows you to question the manner in which things are done. Postmodernism allows more than one single point of view. You get to decide your own truth.