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The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.

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How to use rhetoric to get what you want - Camille A. Langston

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The expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is Irony?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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It is what happens in a story, the main events.

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Plot Mountain! | The Plot Diagram Song | Scratch Garden

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Ethos-authority

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The part of the story that: gives background information, tells the setting, the characters, and introduces the conflict.

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A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind.

He runs as fast as a cheetah.
I moved like lightning when I saw the mouse crawl across the floor.

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The rising action of a story is the section of the plot leading up to the climax.

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The point at which the highest level of interest and emotional response is achieved.

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The period after the dramatic confrontation of the climax.

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A speaker's or writer's choice of words.

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Word Choice, Diction, and Syntax | Writing Tips

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The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

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Word Choice, Diction, and Syntax | Writing Tips

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An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.

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The literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.

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The general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc.

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The overall emotion created by a work of literature.

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The vantage point from which the writer tells a story.

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A story's point of view | Reading | Khan Academy

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A narrator is a person in the story, telling the story from their own point of view.

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The narrator describes the reader's actions, thoughts, and background using "you."

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A statement in which the speaker's words are incongruous with the speaker's intent.

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The irony of something happening that is very different to what was expected.

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A form of irony that is expressed through a work's structure.

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A quality that evokes pity or sadness.

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The appeal to logic.

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The process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character.

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Everything you always wanted to know about characterization

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The writer makes direct statements about a character's personality and tells the reader or viewer what the character is like.

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The process of describing a character through that character's thoughts, actions, speech, and dialogue.

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One that does not undergo important change in the course of the story, remaining essentially the same at the end.

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A character who undergoes significant internal change throughout the course of a story.

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A two-dimensional character lacking depth or a real personality.

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Deep and layered character in a story.

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A metaphor is a literary device that figuratively compares and equates two things that are not alike.

She is drowning in a sea o grief.

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An extended metaphor is a version of metaphor that extends over the course of multiple lines, paragraphs, or stanzas of prose or poetry.

Cause baby you're a firework
come on show them what you're worth
Make them go oh, oh, oh
As you shoot across the sky

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Human characteristics are attributed to an abstract quality, animal, or inanimate object.

The walls were talking
The stairs screamed in agony as he began to climb them.

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Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

I have told you a million times to clean your room.

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The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

The flag still flew high in the sky. Flag- strength, freedom,
She wore a white wedding gown. White- peace, innocents, purity.

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Symbolism | Big Brain Academy USA | Middle School Lesson

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A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction.

Jumbo Shrimp, Bitter Sweet, Deafening Silence

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Oxymoron Examples For Kids // English Language Features

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A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.

We're going to have to let you go.

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WHAT IS EUPHEMISM? | URDU/ HINDI | EXPLANATION | LITERARY DEVICE| DEFINITION & EXAMPLES

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Refers to a famous person, place, or historical event—either directly or through implication.

He is a real Romeo.
He slapped like Will.

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In poetry, the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables is near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible.

The tide rises, the tide falls,
The chunky cat sat on a mat inside a hat

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Assonance Examples For Kids // English Writing For Kids

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The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

She sells sea shells by

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ESL - Literary Devices 2 (Alliteration, Imagery, Oxymoron, Hyperbole and Symbolism)

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A phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought.

Sweet as pie

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A group of words is established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words.

It's raining cats and dogs

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Idioms | Award Winning Teaching Video | What Is An Idiom? | Figurative Language

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A joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings.

Puns involving animals are a-moose-ing
The sign on the lawn at the drug rehab facility said: stay off the grass

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Figure of Speech

Think back to your childhood. Do you ever remember a time when your parents said something like, ''We have an hour to kill before we have to go home'' or ''Look outside, it's raining cats and dogs!'' Did you ever think that your mom was really going to make sixty minutes die, or that there were actually household pets falling from the sky? If you did, then you were thinking in literal terms and probably didn't understand figures of speech.

A figure of speech occurs when a person says one thing in terms of something else. For example, cats and dogs aren't really falling from the sky; what your parent meant was that there's a hard rain outside. One type of figure of speech is the pun. In simple terms, a pun, also known as a paronomasia, is just a play on words. Puns rely on words that have more than one meaning or that sound like other words.

The Use of the Pun

Puns can be a fun and witty way to make a piece of literature more light-hearted. They serve to clarify a situation and make the reader think about it in a different way, usually while providing a quick laugh. Look at the following poem 'Pragmatist' by Edmund Conti:

Apocalypse now
Coming our way
Ground zero at noon
Halve a nice day.

In this example, Conti plays on the words 'have' and 'halve' since they sound so similar. In the context on the poem, you can see why the pun works. The title, 'Pragmatist,' is a dead giveaway for the purpose of the pun. A pragmatist is a realist who knows that if an apocalypse truly occurred, the reader would likely not be having a nice day. This is, of course, a very gruesome topic for a poem, but the pun gives the reader a much more light-hearted feeling, making the reader both grimace and chuckle at the same time.

Many authors use puns through words with more than one meaning. A great example of this occurs in one of Shakespeare's sonnets. Look at the first two lines:

Whoever hath her wish, thou hast thy Will,
And Will to boot, and Will in overplus;

What's odd in the grammar of those lines? Did you notice the capitalization of the word will? If you did, you should see that since words are usually not capitalized in the middle of a sentence or line, it must be a name. Will is, of course, a common name, and it's also Shakespeare's first name. In this sonnet, he's making a pun of his own name. Look at another pair of lines from the same sonnet:

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pun in literature: definition & examples - video & lesson transcript | study.com

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Pun in Literature: Definition & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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Think back to your childhood. Do you ever remember a time when your parents said something like, ''We have an hour to kill before we have to go home'' or ''Look outside, it's raining cats and dogs!'' Did you ever think that your mom was really going to make sixty minutes die, or that there were actually household pets falling from the sky?

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A firm decision to do or not to do something.

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The place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place.

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The leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text.

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A person who actively opposes or is hostile to someone or something; an adversary.

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Be incompatible or at variance; clash.

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What's going on with the character personally.

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Conflict between the main character and any external force.

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The subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person's thoughts, or an exhibition; a topic.

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A scene that interrupts the normal chronological sequence of events in a story to depict something that happened at an earlier time.

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Be a warning or indication of (a future event).

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Oregon State University - School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is Foreshadowing?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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The state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way.

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The narrator reports the events that take place without knowing the motivations or thoughts of any of the characters.

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Focusing a third-person narration through the eyes of a single character.

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The most open and flexible POV available to writers.