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The National Defense Education Act: 1958

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The National Defense Education Act: 1958

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The National Defense Education Act was passed in 1958. This act provided funding to improve American schools. It promoted foreign language learning in elementary schools, high schools and universities. I believe this is an important historical event to Bilingual Education today as it created a different attitude to languages other than English spoken among ethnic groups in the United States, specifically in the school setting (Baker & Wright, 2021, Chapter 9).

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The Bilingual Education Act was an amendment of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act. This act originally was created to help Spanish speakers who were failing in School. However, it was expanded to include all students with a different first language. The Bilingual Education Act, “indicated that bilingual education programs were to be seen as part of federal educational policy…It also undermined the English-only legislation still in place in many states” (Baker & Wright, 2021, Chapter 9). This act provided federal funds for the education of ESL students. I believe this is an important historical event to Bilingual Education today because it was the amendment that expanded to encompass all ELL’s in obtaining a fair bilingual education.

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Lau v. Nichols was a court case against the San Francisco School districts on behalf of a Chinese-speaking student in 1970. This case dove into whether or not students that did not speak English were actually receiving equal educational opportunities with the language barrier and lack of understanding. In the end, Lau v. Nichols, “established that language programs for language minorities not proficient in English were necessary to provide equal educational opportunities” (Baker & Wright, 2021, Chapter 9). I believe this is an important historical event for Bilingual Education as it was a landmark in U.S. bilingual education. Further, it set the requirement of providing language programs for students to give them an equal educational opportunity to learn English and other school subjects.

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The Seal of Biliteracy was created in 2011. The Seal of Biliteracy can help students gain biliteracy skills and allows for future employers and colleges to identify those who have biliteracy skills. California was the first state to offer the Seal of Biliteracy to bilingual students on their High school diploma (Baker & Wright, 2021, Chapter 9). I believe this is an important historical event for Bilingual Education as it encourages and promotes students to not only study languages but value the diversity of language as well as multiple cultures in a community.

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Congressional Caucus on America's Languages: 2019

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Congressional Caucus on America's Languages: 2019

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The Congressional Caucus on America Languages was established in November 2019. The Caucus, "aims to set a national agenda to increase the study of world languages, improve education for ELLs and Native Americans, and address the shortage of bilingual and biliterate citizens in the United states, who are needed to help ensure the nation's economic and national security" (Baker & Wright, 2021, Chapter 9). Subsequently, the Caucus pushed the reauthorizations of the Esther Martinez Native American Languages preservation Act. This is beneficial as it provides federal funding to empower Native communities to revitalize Native languages and economies through immersion programs (Baker & Wright, 2021, Chapter 9). The Caucus is an important historical event for Bilingual Education because it not only increased the value of studying world languages and improving education for EBL's but it caused a chain reaction of reauthorizing an act that revitalizes native languages. The Caucus is important as it sets a tone for bilingual education and the value of being multilingual.