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The Arab-Israeli wars are a series of armed conflicts and political tensions that began in 1948 and are still active today. Since WWII until the 1980´s, 5 main wars took place:

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The Arab-Israeli wars are a series of armed conflicts and political tensions that began in 1948 and are still active today. Since WWII until the 1980´s, 5 main wars took place:

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1948–49: Israel’s War of Independence and the Palestinian Nakbah

1956: Suez Crisis

1967: Six-Day War

1973: Yom Kippur War

1982: First Lebanon War

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Israel's War of Independence and the Palestinian Nakbah

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Israel's War of Independence and the Palestinian Nakbah

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SUMMARY
In November 1947 the UN votes for the British mandate into a Jewish state and Arab state, clashes break between Jews and Arabs, the British were preparing to withdraw from Palestine but the conflict escalated. On May 15, 1948 when the British forces withdrew Israel declared independence. It lasted for 2 years and it ended with the armistice agreements which were signed in 1949

WHO WAS INVOLVED?
- British forces
- Jewish state of Israel
- Palestinian irregulars
- Armies from five Arab states
- The United Nations

INTERESTS OF EACH BLOCK

CONSEQUENCES

CULTURAL IMPACT

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War of Sinai (Suez Crisis), 7 november 1956

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War of Sinai (Suez Crisis), 7 november 1956

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When Israeli armed forces pushed into Egypt toward the Suez Canal after Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-70) nationalized the canal, a valuable waterway that controlled two-thirds of the oil used by Europe. The Israelis were soon joined by French and British forces, which nearly brought the Soviet Union into the conflict and damaged their relationships with the United States. In the end, Egypt emerged victorious, and the British, French and Israeli governments withdrew their troops in late 1956 and early 1957. The event was a pivotal event among Cold War superpowers.

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June 5, 1967 - June 10, 1967

In early 1967 Syria increased its bombardment of Israeli villages. In response Israeli Air Force shot down six Syrian MiG fighter jets in reprisal.
In May Egypt signed with Jordan a mutual defense pact. Israeli answered with an air assault, destroying Egypt’s air force.
With the Israeli victory, they captured the Gaza Strip and all of the Sinai Peninsula up to the east bank of the Suez Canal.
An eastern front was opened on June 5, when Jordanian forces began shelling West Jerusalem, only to face a crushing Israeli counterattack.

The UN Security Council called for a cease-fire on June 7 that was immediately accepted by Israel and Jordan. Egypt accepted the following day.  Syria accepted the cease-fire on June 10.

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Israeli musician Yair Yona released, in 2016, a soundtrack to the 1973 Yom Kippur War.
The 10-track instrumental album, “Sword” (released in July), was inspired after the Mount Carmel forest fire, the deadliest fire of its kind in Israel’s history. The artist felt that no one in Israel took responsibility for the disaster, and he saw this as one of Israel’s biggest flaws.

“It felt to me as if the country was on fire, not the state — the actual ground, the soil that we are born from. I felt like this DNA of not taking responsibility — the same behavior, the same circle happens time and time again. And I thought, what was the biggest crisis of this kind? It’s the Yom Kippur War.”

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Yair Yona - Sword Album Trailer | יאיר יונה - חרב - טריילר אלבום מלחמת יום כיפור

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Yair Yona - Sword Album Trailer |  יאיר יונה - חרב - טריילר אלבום מלחמת יום כיפור

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Beirut and the Golden Sixties: A Manifesto of Fragility revisits a turbulent chapter in global modernism in Beirut from the 1958 Lebanon crisis to 1975, the year that witnessed the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War. The exhibition showcases a heterogeneous mix of artists whose drive for formal innovation was matched only by the tenacity of their political convictions.

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While the semiotic study of culture, especially in poetry and literature, is a respected and established academic field, it has been only in the last two decades when scholars begun to analyse not only the representation of the conflict but also the ways material processes and forces shape and being shaped by cultural representations and aesthetics (Stein and Swedenburg 2005).
Scholars have become more interested in the political implications of cultural consumption, in the ways cultural products are interpreted and in their potential to shape consciousness and political mobilization.

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Details

Title: USCG Cutter SPENCER destroys Nazi Sub

Creator: Warrant Photographer Jess W. January USCGR

Date Created: April 17, 1943

Physical Dimensions: w35.6 x h28.4 cm (sheet)

Type: Photograph

Medium: Gelatin silver print

Credit Line: The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, museum purchase funded by Mike Bollinger, Pat Burke, Jason Fertitta, Dan Gilbane, Matt Landrith, Michael McConnell, Michael Mithoff, Kolja Rockov, Tony Sanchez, and Barry Schneider in honor of "One Great Night in November, 2007"

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USCG Cutter SPENCER destroys Nazi Sub - Warrant Photographer Jess W. January USCGR - Google Arts & Culture

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Google Arts & Culture features content from over 2000 leading museums and archives who have partnered with the Google Cultural Institute to bring the world's treasures online.

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The Fourth Arab-Israeli War took place during the Islam´s sacred month of fasting

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Also known as the Ramadan War or the October War, it began in October 6, 1973, on the Jewish day of Yom Kipur (also known as Atonement Day, the most sacred day in Jewish calendar), and lasted 20 days, until October 25, 1973.

After the loss of territory that followed the Six-Day War, Egyptian and Syrian forces coordinated an attack on Israel. While the Egyptians (who had lost the Sinai peninsula) crossed through the Suez Canal, the Syrians went through the Golan Heights, territory they lost in the third Arab-Israeli War.
Taking the Israeli army by surprise, the Arab forces advanced fiercely, supported by Soviet weaponry and forces from Jordan and Iraq. The Israeli suffered severe casualties before pushing back several days after the conflict´s beginning, aided by a U.S. airlift of arms. However, President Nixon delayed the military aid as a signal of sympathy for Egypt, with whose president, Anwar el-Sadat, Washington had opened diplomatic channels in 1972.
On October 25, a United Nation´s peacekeeping force secured a cease-fire between Israel and Egypt, signing the formal agreement on November 11, and another with Syria on May 31, 1974.

The Ramadan War served Egypt as an opportunity to seek peace with Israel, and on March 26, 1979, Israel and Egypt signed a peace treaty ending the state of war between the two countries. Under its terms, Israel returned the entire Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, a movement completed in 1982. Meanwhile, the war exposed Syria to military defeat, and in 1979, Syria voted with other Arab states to expel Egypt from the Arab League.

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History.com Editors. (2009). Suez Crisis. 1/06/2022, de History https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/suez-crisis

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In June 1982, Israel invaded South Lebanon in the midst of the Lebanese Civil War, purportedly in retaliation for the attempted assassination of the Israeli Ambassador to England.

On June 5, 1982, less than six weeks after Israel’s complete withdrawal from the Sinai after the Yom Kippur War, increased tensions between Israelis and Palestinians resulted in the Israeli bombing of Beirut and southern Lebanon, where the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) had a number of strongholds. The Israeli considered the Palestinian groups to be terrorists, an stated as objective of the operation to put the communities of northern Israel out of reach of the terrorists in southern Lebanon, by pushing the latter 40 km to the north.
On June 6, Israeli Air Force planes attacked terrorist targets in southern Lebanon, and Navy ships bombarded the sources of the PLO's fire and hit their vehicles along the coast, and invaded Lebanon, even though Syrian artillery was used against Israel´s forces.
By June 14 its land forces reached as far as the outskirts of Beirut, which was encircled, but the Israeli government agreed to halt its advance and begin negotiations.
The War lasted for more than three months, until Israel reached Beirut. It prompted both the American government and the Arab League to develop peace plans in 1982—the Reagan Plan and the Fez Initiative, respectively—designed to end the conflict. Although they did not, they contributed to growing attempts to end the conflict diplomatically that, further heightened as a result of the first intifada, resulted in the 1993 Oslo Agreement