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Competency standard 1.1, Migrant and Refugee Women's Health Partnership. (2019). p.12

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After evaluating the Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice framework, I think that competency standard 1.1 is the most relevant. It is important for clinicians to respond sensitively to the diversity of individual beliefs and the social determinants of health, which include cultural, religious, spiritual, and linguistic factors, as well as health status, abilities, choices, and preferences. (Migrant and Refugee Women's Health Partnership, 2019, p.12). I have also understood from this standard that I need to change my approach towards the individual according to all these factors to ensure that I respect their dignity and values. This is a necessary skill for me in work as I will be meeting culturally diverse people everyday.

Reference:

Migrant and Refugee Women's Health Partnership. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds Competency Standards Framework for Clinicians. Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds (murdoch.edu.au)

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Afghani refugees and social determinants of health

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Afghani refugees and social determinants of health

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It is estimated that the contribution of sectors outside health to population health is more than the contribution from the healthcare sector (World Health Organization, 2024). Between 30-55 percent of health outcomes are dependent upon social determinants (World Health Organization, 2024). Social inclusion and non-discrimination are a major factor that determine health outcomes of Afghani refugees in Australia. Afghani refugees faced discrimination, problem with employment, and religious difficulties within their community (ANMJ staff, 2021). In Afghanistan, people generally know their community and are more expressive but in Australia, many Afghani refugees feel socially isolated from Australian Public (Evason, 2019). People with family in Afghanistan worry about them causing a direct impact on their mental health (Evason, 2019).

Reference List:

ANMJ staff. (2021). Afghan refugees face discrimination, employment and social challenges in Australia. Australian Nursing and Midwifery Journal Afghan refugees face discrimination, employment and social challenges in Australia - ANMJ

Nina Evason. (2019). Afghans in Australia.

Afghan - Afghans in Australia — Cultural Atlas (sbs.com.au)

World Health Organisation. (2024). Social Determinants of Health. Social determinants of health (who.int)

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Mental Health Concern of Afghani Refugees in Australia 

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Mental Health Concern of Afghani Refugees in Australia 

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Many people from refugee backgrounds such as from Afghanistan have faced trauma, conflict, family separation and significant physical and mental abuse (Singleton et al., 2018). "In 2021, 1,113 Afghan humanitarian entrants, self-reported having a mental health condition (Australian Institute of Health and Wellness, 2023). In all age groups, the self-reported mental health issues were significantly more in ladies than gents among Afghan refugee entrants (Australian Institute of Health and Wellness, 2023). The inclusion of telehealth items in Medicare could improve access to previously unavailable mental health services. Bulk billing options along with financial support from community organisations can also reduce barriers for refugees (Tomasi et al. 2022). clinical screening for emotional wellbeing as post-arrival screening can also be done (Singleton et al., 2018).

References:

Singleton, G., Hocking, D., Gardiner, J., & Paxton, G., (2018). Mental Health. Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. Mental Health » Australian Refugee Health (refugeehealthguide.org.au)

Australian Institute of Health and Wellness. (2023). Mental health of humanitarian entrants born in Afghanistan. Health of refugees and humanitarian entrants in Australia, Mental health - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (aihw.gov.au)

Tomasi, A., Selwa, S., Narchal, R., & Rioseco, P., 2022. Understanding the mental health and help-seeking behaviours of refugees. Understanding the mental health and help-seeking behaviours of refugees | Australian Institute of Family Studies (aifs.gov.au)

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Petruzzello, M. (2024). Black Cumin. Britannica encyclopaedia. Black cumin | Description, Plant, Seeds, Spice, Medicine, Uses, & Facts | Britannica

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Black cumin seeds as a traditional medicine

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Black cumin seeds as a traditional medicine

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Black cumin seeds are popular folk medicines used Arabic countries such as Afghanistan and other Asian countries such as India (Yimer, 2019). The seeds have an odour like fennel and have a pungent flavour similar nutmeg (Petruzzello, 2024). Black cumin seeds are extensively utilized in traditional Ayurvedic and Islamic medications to tackle a variety of health issues (Petruzzello, 2024). These are used for Asthma, Bronchitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis (Petruzzello, 2024). It is found that they exhibit characteristics that kills bacteria, fungus and parasites, and some animal studies have shown it to supress tumours (Petruzzello, 2024). Black seeds can serve as a seasoning in recipes featuring pod fruits, vegetables, salads, and poultry (Wikipedia, 2024).

Reference:

Petruzzello, M. (2024). Black Cumin. Britannica encyclopaedia. Black cumin | Description, Plant, Seeds, Spice, Medicine, Uses, & Facts | Britannica

Nigella sativa. (2021, May 21). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigella_sativa

Yimer, E. M., Tuem, K. B., Karim, A., Ur-Rehman, N., & Anwar, F. (2019). Nigella sativa L. (Black Cumin): A Promising Natural Remedy for Wide Range of Illnesses. Evidence- Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1528635

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Black cumin | Description, Plant, Seeds, Spice, Medicine, Uses, & Facts

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Black cumin, annual plant of the ranunculus family grown for its pungent seeds, which are used as a spice and in herbal medicine. The seeds have an aroma similar to fennel and have a pungent flavor somewhat similar to nutmeg, though the plant is not related to either.

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Afghanistan’s traditional sports are individualistic, even the childhood pastime of kite flying is played like a competition where children sever the strings of other competitors (Dupree et al., 2024). Sports like wrestling and shooting are also widespread (Dupree et al., 2024). The most popular of all games is Buzkashi, where horsemen sometimes in teams but mostly as individual compete to take the headless carcass of either a goat or calf to a goal (Dupree et al., 2024). One theory about the game's origins suggests it evolved from Afghan tribesmen riding on horseback to capture goats from a rival tribe's herd (Bradshaw, 2017). The victory of the Afghanistan national cricket team against Namibia in Krugersdorp secured their official ODI status in April 2009 (Wikipedia, 2024).

Reference:

Dupree, N., Allchin, F., Ali, M., & Petrov, V., (2024). The arts and cultural institutions. Britannica encyclopaedia. Afghanistan - Ancient History, Silk Road, Zoroastrianism | Britannica

Sport in Afghanistan. (2021, May 2). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Afghanistan

Bradshaw, L., (2017, March 24). Buzkashi: Afghanistan’s Goat-Grabbing. Culture Trip. https://theculturetrip.com/asia/afghanistan/articles/buzkashi-afghanistans-goat-grabbing-national-sport

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“Afghan Perahan Tunban,” is the national dress of Afghanistan which dates back to pre-Islamic period when people used to wear lengthy clothes made up of silk, wool and cotton (Rehan 2023). Overtime the dress evolved and got influenced by different cultures including Islam (Rehan 2023). Garments are typically fastened at the waist using a fabric belt called an Aazarband (Reynolds, 2023). Clothing is often hand-stitched, with girls learning the craft of embroidery early on, inheriting skills from their mothers (Wikipedia, 2024). In some Pashtun and Baloch cultures in Afghanistan, the transition from boyhood to manhood is signified by the donning of a turban. (Wikipedia, 2024).

Reference:

Rehan, M., (2023). Afghanistan National Dress: A Celebration of Culture and Heritage. Nationalopedia. Afghanistan National Dress: A Celebration of Culture and Heritage (nationalopedia.com)

Wikipedia Contributors. (2019, November 29). Afghan clothing. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_clothing

Reynolds, E. (2024, July 17). Traditional Afghan Clothing: A Symbol of Identity and Culture. Outfiten. https://www.outfiten.com/traditional-clothing-in- Afghanistan/

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Attan is a traditional dance of Afghanistan which has been considered the national dance since long time (Harris, 2023). It is a group social dance where participants form a circle and execute a sequence of twirls and steps in sync with the beat of a drum. (Harris, 2023). The Attan was performed by Pashtuns during periods of conflict, such as the British occupation and the Pashtun resistance movement, serving to boost morale and invigorate warriors preparing to confront the colonizers (Wikipedia, 2024).Attan dance has been a part of Afghani tradition but under the Taliban regime, performances of music and dance, as well as listening to or watching them, were prohibited as un-Islamic (Ali et al., 2024)

References:

Harris, C. (2023, April 8). Attan Dance: History, Styles, Attires, Music & More. City Dance Studios. https://citydance.org/attan-dance- history-styles- attires-music-more/

Attan. (2023, November 2). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attan

Afghanistan - The arts and cultural institutions. (2024). Encyclopaedia Britannica https://www.britannica.com/plac e/Afghanistan/The- arts-and-cultural-institutions#ref306631