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Guiding Question What are the primary resources that are being depleted? How does resource depletion impact food security and nutrition? How does water scarsity affect health? What sustainable approaches can be used to address resource depletion?

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Which forms of pollution are most hazardous to health?

In what ways does air pollution affect the respiratory and the cardiovascular system?

How does water pollution affect health?

How can policies and regulations reduce health problems related to pollution?

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In what ways does climate change impact human health?

What are the immediate and secondary health effects of climate change?

Which groups are most at risk from the effects of climate change?

What measures can be taken to minimize health risks related to climate change?

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Resource Depletion and Human Health Mirza A, Mustafa N,Maria ELeni T, Vagelis P, Maria Ch, Mary K, Antonis P,Christoforos B,Filip Z

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Pollution & Health Risks Group 2 presentation Kağan K., Konstantina P,Nikos S, Maria Eleni Dr, Marina A, Stamatis S, Antonia A, maia S, Giovani D

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Climate Change & Public Health by Aspasia P., Mustafa N, Martha A, Vivi L, George D, Natalia Ch, Paraskevas k, Juliana T Ioannis L, maria ko

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In what ways does climate change impact human health?

Climate change impacts human health in several ways:

1. Heat-related illnesses: Increased temperatures can lead to heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and dehydration, particularly in vulnerable populations like the elderly and children.

2. Air quality: Higher temperatures can worsen air pollution, leading to respiratory issues like asthma, bronchitis, and cardiovascular diseases.

3. Extreme weather events: More frequent floods, storms, and wildfires can cause injuries, deaths, and mental health stress, as well as disrupt healthcare services and infrastructure.

4. Vector-borne diseases: Warmer climates expand the range of disease-carrying insects, such as mosquitoes, increasing the spread of diseases like malaria, dengue, and Lyme disease.

5. Food and water security: Climate change can affect agriculture and water resources, leading to malnutrition, foodborne illnesses, and water shortages.

6. Mental health: The stress from climate-related disasters and displacement can lead to anxiety, depression.

What are the immediate and secondary health effects of climate change?

1. Heat stress: Heatwaves can cause dehydration, heat exhaustion, or heatstroke, especially in vulnerable people.

2. Injuries from extreme weather: Hurricanes, floods, and storms can lead to accidents, injuries, and fatalities.

3. Air pollution: Higher temperatures worsen air quality, triggering asthma and other respiratory problems.

Secondary Health Effects:

1. Spread of diseases: Warmer temperatures can help spread diseases like malaria and dengue, as mosquitoes thrive in those conditions.

2. Food and water shortages: Droughts or floods can reduce access to safe water and nutritious food, leading to malnutrition or foodborne illnesses.

3. Mental health issues: Repeated climate disasters can cause anxiety, depression, or trauma, especially for those displaced by events like flooding or wildfires.

Which groups are most at risk from the effects of climate change?

The groups most at risk from climate change include low-income communities, Indigenous peoples, people in developing countries, the elderly, children, and those with pre-existing health conditions. These groups often have fewer resources to adapt or recover from climate-related impacts like extreme weather, rising sea levels, and food insecurity.

What measures can be taken to minimize health risks related to climate change?

To minimize health risks, we can improve healthcare infrastructure, promote early warning systems for extreme weather, reduce air pollution, enhance access to clean water and sanitation, and support climate-resilient agricultural practices. Education on climate and health also helps communities prepare and adapt.

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Which forms of pollution are most hazardous to health?

The most hazardous forms of pollution to health are air pollution (especially fine particulate matter and toxic gases), water pollution (contaminated drinking water), and soil pollution (chemicals in food or water). These can lead to respiratory problems, cancers, and other severe health issues.

In what ways does air pollution affect the respiratory and the cardiovascular system?

Air pollution can irritate the lungs, causing asthma, bronchitis, and other respiratory diseases. It can also reduce lung function. For the cardiovascular system, it increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and high blood pressure by causing inflammation and stress on blood vessels.

How does water pollution affect health?

Water pollution can cause diseases like cholera, dysentery, and typhoid when harmful bacteria or chemicals contaminate drinking water. It can also lead to long-term health problems, such as cancer or developmental issues, from toxic substances like heavy metals.

How can policies and regulations reduce health problems related to pollution?

Policies and regulations can reduce pollution by setting limits on harmful emissions, ensuring cleaner industrial practices, promoting renewable energy, and enforcing water and air quality standards. This helps prevent health issues like respiratory diseases and waterborne infections.

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Climate change threatens public health through rising temperatures, extreme weather, and disease spread. Heatwaves and air pollution worsen respiratory conditions, while vector-borne diseases expand. Water and food security are also at risk. Tackling climate change is essential to protecting public health.

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Climate change poses significant risks to human health, particularly for vulnerable groups. Immediate effects such as heat-related illnesses and extreme weather events are already being felt, and secondary impacts, including the spread of infectious diseases and mental health challenges, are expected to grow. Proactive measures like strengthening healthcare systems, reducing emissions, and improving public awareness can help mitigate these health risks and protect those most at risk.

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1- Climate change affects human health by increasing extreme weather events, worsening air quality, spreading infectious diseases, and reducing food and water security.

2- Immediate effects include heat-related illnesses, injuries from storms, and respiratory issues from wildfires. **Secondary effects** involve mental health problems, malnutrition, and the spread of diseases due to changing ecosystems.

3- The most at-risk groups are children, the elderly, low-income communities, and people with pre-existing health conditions, as they have less ability to adapt to environmental changes.

4- To minimize health risks, we need to reduce carbon emissions, improve healthcare infrastructure, create heat action plans, and increase awareness about climate-related health issues.

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Pollution harms health by causing respiratory diseases, infections, and even cancer. Air pollution damages lungs, water pollution spreads diseases, and soil pollution contaminates food. Reducing pollution is crucial for a healthier future.

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Resource depletion threatens human health by reducing access to clean water, nutritious food, and essential materials. Deforestation, overfishing, and water scarcity lead to malnutrition, disease, and poor living conditions. Sustainable resource management is key to protecting public health.

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Pollution—whether in the form of air, water, or soil—has significant health implications, particularly for vulnerable populations. Air pollution directly affects the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, while water pollution causes a wide range of diseases and health problems. Through stronger policies, stricter regulations, and technological innovations, governments and organizations can reduce the adverse health effects of pollution, creating a healthier and safer environment for all.

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1- The most dangerous types of pollution are air, water, and chemical pollution. Air pollution is especially harmful because we breathe it in every day.

2- Air pollution damages the lungs and heart by making it harder to breathe, causing asthma, and increasing the risk of heart disease and strokes.

3- Water pollution makes people sick by spreading bacteria and toxic chemicals, which can cause diarrhea, infections, and even serious diseases like cancer.

4- Laws and rules can help by limiting factory emissions, improving waste management, and making sure water is clean and safe to drink.

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Emerging infectious diseases pose serious health threats due to globalization, climate change, and antimicrobial resistance. Viruses like COVID-19 and new antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread rapidly, overwhelming healthcare systems. Early detection, research, and global cooperation are essential to prevent future pandemics.

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Resource depletion, including the depletion of water, fossil fuels, soil, and biodiversity, is a significant challenge for global health and food security. The impacts of these depletions include reduced agricultural productivity, waterborne diseases, and malnutrition. Sustainable approaches, including efficient water management, sustainable farming practices, renewable energy use, and conservation efforts, are essential to addressing these challenges and ensuring the availability of resources for future generations. Effective policies, technological innovation, and public engagement are crucial for creating a more sustainable and resilient future.

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1- The main resources being depleted are water, fossil fuels, forests, and soil. These are essential for life and the environment.

2- Resource depletion affects food security by reducing fertile land and clean water for farming. This leads to lower food production, higher prices, and poor nutrition.

3- Water scarcity harms health by causing dehydration, poor hygiene, and the spread of diseases. It also affects food production, leading to malnutrition.

4- Sustainable solutions include using renewable energy, conserving water, protecting forests, and promoting eco-friendly farming to ensure resources last for future generations.

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1- New infectious diseases emerge due to factors like deforestation, climate change, animal-to-human transmission, and antibiotic resistance.

2- Globalization and urbanization make diseases spread faster by increasing travel, trade, and crowded living conditions, which help infections move between people and countries.

3- Some recent examples of emerging infectious diseases are COVID-19, monkeypox, and new strains of avian flu.

4- Global health systems can prepare by improving disease surveillance, investing in research, strengthening healthcare infrastructure, and promoting quick international cooperation.

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Pollution has severe impacts on human health, especially air, water, and soil pollution. Air pollution, caused by fine particulate matter and toxic gases, can lead to respiratory diseases like asthma and bronchitis, as well as cardiovascular problems such as heart attacks and high blood pressure. Water pollution, when contaminated with harmful bacteria or chemicals, can result in diseases like cholera, dysentery, and typhoid. Long-term exposure may also lead to severe health conditions like cancer. Soil pollution, through chemicals in food and water, poses additional health risks. These forms of pollution highlight the urgent need for environmental protection and sustainable practices.

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Key Resources Being Depleted

Water – Overuse and pollution.

Fossil Fuels – Non-renewable and running out.

Forests – Deforestation reduces biodiversity.

Soil – Over-farming depletes nutrients.

Minerals – Rare metals and phosphorus are scarce.

Fish Stocks – Overfishing threatens food supply.

Impact on Food Security & Nutrition

Lower crop yields and rising food prices.

Nutritional deficiencies from soil and fish depletion.

Food shortages hit vulnerable communities hardest.

Health Effects of Water Scarcity

Malnutrition and dehydration.

Waterborne diseases and poor sanitation.

Sustainable Solutions

Water Conservation – Rainwater harvesting, drip irrigation.

Renewable Energy – Solar, wind, biofuels.

Sustainable Farming – Crop rotation, organic methods.

Reforestation – Plant trees to restore ecosystems.

Recycling & Circular Economy – Reduce waste.

Regulations & Education – Support policies for sustainability.

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Causes of New Infectious Diseases – Animal-to-human transmission, climate change, antibiotic resistance, ecosystem destruction, and weak healthcare systems.

Impact of Globalization & Urbanization – Travel, population density, poor sanitation, and supply chain dependence accelerate disease spread.

Examples of Emerging Infectious Diseases – COVID-19, mpox, Ebola, Nipah virus, and avian flu.

Preparing Health Systems – Improve surveillance, rapid response, vaccine development, global cooperation, and healthcare infrastructure.

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When harmful metals like lead and mercury from factories get into the water, they can make people sick. These metals can cause problems with the brain, leading to learning and development delays, especially in children.

They can also damage important parts of the body, like the organs, making it harder for people to stay healthy.

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Rising global temperatures pose a significant threat to public health, leading to a surge in heat-related illnesses such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke. Vulnerable groups, including the elderly, young children, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions, are at the greatest risk. As extreme heat events become more frequent the need for proactive measures becomes more and more urgent.

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Climate change has intensified heatwaves, resulting in a growing number of heat-related hospitalizations and fatalities. Urban areas are the mostly affected and individuals working outdoors (ie farmers) face prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures, heightening their risk of dehydration and heatstroke. Without effective strategies these health risks will get worse.

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Shifting climate patterns have significantly impacted the habitats and breeding cycles of disease-carrying insects like mosquitoes leading to the increased spread of vector-borne diseases (malaria, Lyme disease). Rising temperatures and altered rainfall create conditions for these insects to thrive in regions where they were they couldnt survive. As a result, diseases once confined to tropical and subtropical areas are now emerging in temperate regions, posing new public health challenges. Without effective disease control measures, including mosquito population management, vaccine development the risk of outbreaks will continue to rise, endangering millions of people all over the world.

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Extreme weather events and rising temperatures linked to climate change have immediate and severe consequences for human health. One of them is heat exhaustion, heatstroke and dehydration, caused by the prolonged exposure to high temperatures overwhelms the body's ability to regulate heat. These conditions can be life-threatening for elderly, children, and individuals with health problems. Additionally, storms, floods and wildfires result in direct injuries as well as displacement and long-term mental health effects for affected communities. Floodwaters can also carry infectious diseases, increasing the risk of outbreaks. People living in urban areas or regions prone to wildfires are vulnerable, as poor air quality can lead to both immediate health issues and long-term complications. Addressing these threats requires improved emergency response systems and early warning mechanisms.

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By working together, with innovation and staying committed to action, we can build a healthier, safer and more sustainable future for generations to come.

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I found this: Rising levels of pollutants like carbon dioxide and methane are worsening air quality, leading to serious health concerns. Exposure to these pollutants aggravates respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic bronchitis, making it harder for people to breathe, especially in urban areas with heavy traffic and industrial emissions. Poor air quality has been linked to cardiovascular problems, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Long-term exposure can weaken lung function and contribute to chronic illnesses, particularly among children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing conditions.

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Air pollution happens when harmful substances mix with the air we breathe. These include tiny dust-like particles, gases from cars and factories, and chemicals that can spread through the air. Breathing in polluted air can make it harder to breathe and may lead to lung or heart problems over time. It can also make existing health issues worse, especially for children, older people, and those with asthma or other conditions.

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Breathing in harmful particles and gases from air pollution can lead to serious breathing problems like chronic cough, asthma, and lung infections. If someone is exposed to polluted air for a long time, it can even cause lung cancer and make it harder to breathe, especially for children and older adults.

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Resource depletion happens when natural resources, like water, land, energy, and raw materials, are used up too quickly and in unsustainable ways. These resources are very important for producing food, providing clean water, generating energy, and supporting our health. As they become scarcer, it can lead to big problems for people, like not having enough food, clean water, or a safe environment. This can cause health problems like diseases.

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Soil degradation, deforestation, and urbanization are all major factors that reduce the amount of land available for farming. Soil degradation happens when the soil loses its fertility due to overuse, pollution, or poor farming practices, making it harder to grow crops. Deforestation, the cutting down of trees for wood, agriculture, or urban development, also reduces land that could be used for farming and harms the environment. Urbanization, the growth of cities and towns, takes up large areas of land, further limiting space for agriculture. These issues contribute together to a decrease in available land for food production, which can lead to food shortages and increased pressure on existing farmland.

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In my opinion, when there is less land available for farming, it becomes harder to grow enough crops. This leads to food shortage, so there isn’t enough food for everyone ans the prices of food can go up, making it more expensive for people to buy the things they need to eat.

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Techniques like crop rotation, organic farming, and agroforestry are ways to protect soil health and improve food security. Crop rotation involves changing the types of crops grown in a field each year, which helps prevent soil exhaustion and keeps the soil healthy. Organic farming avoids harmful chemicals and focuses on natural methods to improve soil quality and protect the environment. Agroforestry is the practice of growing trees alongside crops, which helps prevent soil erosion.

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A deep understanding of how viruses and bacteria evolve is essential in directing global efforts to manage infectious diseases and safeguard public health.

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Rising global temperatures are making more welcome habitats to mosquitoes that transmit diseases like malaria. With the increase of the temperatures these mosquitoes are able to thrive in regions that were once too cool for their survival. Warmer climates create ideal breeding environments (standing water in areas) which leads to more mosquitoes and a greater risk of transmission. This change in climate is allowing malaria to spread into new regions, especially those that were previously unaffected. As these diseases move into these regions, local populations may be more vulnerable due to a lack of immunity and healthcare infrastructure.

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1. In what ways does climate change impact human health?
Climate change increases heat-related illnesses, spreads infectious diseases, worsens air quality, and affects mental health.

2. What are the immediate and secondary health effects of climate change?
Immediate effects include heatstroke, injuries from extreme weather, and asthma attacks. Secondary effects involve malnutrition, mental stress, and the spread of diseases.

3. Which groups are most at risk from the effects of climate change?
Children, the elderly, people with chronic illnesses, and low-income communities are most at risk.

4. What measures can be taken to minimize health risks related to climate change?
Improving healthcare access, creating heatwave plans, investing in clean energy, and raising public awareness can help reduce health ris

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Emerging Health Threats from Infectious Diseases

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Emerging Health Threats from Infectious Diseases Zuzana M, Burak B, Agathi S, Panagiotis P, Popi M, Vivian T, Maria M, Ema M, Ilias V

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What factors contribute to the emergence of new infectious diseases?

How do globalization and urbanization influence the spread of infectious diseases?

Can you give some recent examples of emerging infectious diseases?

How can global health systems prepare for the emerging infectious diseases?