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Poem: Nam Quốc Sơn Hà - Mountains and Rivers of the Southern Country

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Poem: Nam Quốc Sơn Hà - Mountains and Rivers of the Southern Country

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Sông núi nước Nam vua Nam ở

Rành rành định phận ở sách trời

Cớ sao bọn giặc đến xâm phạm

Chúng bay sẽ bị đánh tơi bời.

The Southern Emperor reigns over the Southern Country's mountains and rivers

The fact is written forever in the Book of Heaven

How come you strangers dare to invade our land

You are going to be mercilessly beaten.

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It is widely believed to have been written by the General of the Lý Dynasty: Lý Thường Kiệt, around the 11th century.

It is one of the most famous pieces of writing in Vietnamese Literature.

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Quiz: How is Lý Thường Kiệt's legacy honored in Vietnam today?

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Quiz: How is Lý Thường Kiệt's legacy honored in Vietnam today?

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A) Through annual festivals

B) By naming schools and streets after him

C) By building monuments

D) All of the above

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The poem uses simple and direct language to convey a powerful message of national pride, resistance, and defiance against the invaders.

The straightforward style, accompanied by strong and assertive words, makes it easily memorable and impactful.

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"Nam quốc sơn hà" is considered Vietnam's first Declaration of Independence. Written during the Song invasion, it is a patriotic anthem that asserts Vietnam's sovereignty and Vietnamese determination to defend its soil.

The poem was believed to have enhanced Vietnamese army morale and nationalism when Vietnam, under Lý Thường Kiệt fought against invasions by Song dynasty in the 10th and 11th century.

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Interesting Fact: The poem is believed to have defended Vietnam from a full-scale invasion

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Interesting Fact: The poem is believed to have defended Vietnam from a full-scale invasion

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The Song launched a large-scale invasion in 1076, with the emperor ordering the mobilization of troops and the cessation of trade with Đại Việt. However, Lý Thường Kiệt successfully defended Đại Việt, most notably, by utilising strategic defensive positions along rivers and mountains. After heavy losses on both sides, peace negotiations were initiated, leading to the Song withdrawal.

Lý Thường Kiệt's campaigns were significant in securing Đại Việt's sovereignty and are remembered for their strategic brilliance and impact on Vietnamese history.

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The poem 'Nam Quốc Sơn Hà', which translates to "The Mountains and Rivers of the South," is one of the most famous pieces of Vietnamese literature.

It was used to rally Vietnamese forces during battles against the Song Dynasty invasions in the 11th century. It asserts the sovereignty of Vietnam by pointing out its unique position on the map, declaring that its territory is ordained by heaven, and warns invaders that they will face horrible defeat.

This poem is considered by many as the Vietnam's first declaration of independence, which demonstrates the spirit of resistance and national pride in Vietnamese history.

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1. Lê, V. Q. (2006). Bài thơ NAM QUỐC SƠN HÀ là bản tuyên ngôn độc lập đầu tiên của nước Việt Nam ta [The poem 'Mountains and Rivers of the Southern Country' is the first declaration of independence of Vietnam]. Tạp chí Hán Nôm (Han-Nom Magazine), 1(74), 3-8.

2. Hà, Đ. K. (n.d.). Từ “Nam quốc sơn hà,” “Bình Ngô đại cáo” đến “Tuyên ngôn độc lập” [From “Southern Country's Mountains and Rivers,” “The Great Proclamation of Victory,” to “The Declaration of Independence”]. Retrieved August 8, 2024, from https://ngochoi.kontum.gov.vn

3. Nam quốc sơn hà. (2015, July). Con gái Bình Định. Retrieved from: https://congaibinhdinh.blogspot.com/2015/07/nam-quoc-son-ha-bang-tieng-anh.html