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The home care nurse visits an older client diag-nosed with Parkinson's disease who requires instillation of multiple eye drops. Which instruction for the administration of eye drops would the nurse provide to this client? 

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The home care nurse visits an older client diag-nosed with Parkinson's disease who requires instillation of multiple eye drops. Which instruction for the administration of eye drops would the nurse provide to this client? 

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1. Administer the eye drops rapidly.

2. Have a family member instill the eye drops.

3. Lie down on a bed or sofa to instill the eye drops.

4. Keep the eye drops in the refrigerator so that they will thicken.

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An young home care nurse visits an older adult client diagnosed with Parkinson's disease who requires instillation of multiple eyedrops

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Physical Activity for Older Adults

Subtitle: Promoting Healthy Aging and Independence

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1. Check in the course with your selfie and ID.

2. Choose one area: Physical activity (Exercise), Environment, Nutrition, Aging sexology, Stress management, Social participation / Recreation, Vaccination

3. Summarize a key primary prevention strategy for your chosen area.

4. Attach a supporting tool or resource (video, plan, or technique).

5. Review your peers’ posts for more strategies and resources.

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3.Lie down on a bed or sofa to instill the eye drops.

Because lying down makes it easier for a client with Parkinson’s disease, who may have tremors or difficulty with fine motor control, to administer the drops accurately and safely. It also reduces the risk of missing the eye or falling if dizziness occurs.

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2. Have a family member instill the eye drops.

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2. Have a family member instill the eye drops.

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Highlight the finding(s) that indicate(s) potential dependent adult abuse and neglect.

Nursing Note: An 80-year-old with a history of dementia presents to the emergency department after a fall. The patient is alert and oriented to person and place but not time and ambulates with a steady gait. The patient is accompanied by a caregiver. The patient has noticeable bruising around the circumference of their right wrist. No other injuries are noted. The patient has stained, dried food on their shirt and pants, and their hair is disheveled. Despite being asked to leave the room, the caregiver insisted on staying in the room during the assessment.

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An 80-year-old with a history of dementia presents to the emergency department after a fall. The patient is alert and oriented to person and place but not time and ambulates with a steady gait. The patient is accompanied by a caregiver. The patient has noticeable bruising around the circumference of their right wrist. No other injuries are noted. The patient has stained, dried food on their shirt and pants, and their hair is disheveled. Despite being asked to leave the room, the caregiver insisted on staying in the room during the assessment.

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The findings that indicate possible dependent adult abuse and neglect include noticeable bruising around the circumference of the right wrist, which may suggest the use of restraints or forceful handling; stained, dried food on the clothing and disheveled hair, reflecting poor hygiene and possible neglect; and the caregiver’s insistence on remaining in the room during the assessment, which may prevent the patient from speaking freely and raises concern for controlling behavior.

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A nurse is caring for a 55-year-old man employed as a construction worker. He routinely performs heavy lifting and operation of power tools. What steps should the nurse take to promote health and prevent illness in this client?

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A nurse is caring for a 55-year-old man employed as a construction worker. He routinely performs heavy lifting and operation of power tools. What steps should the nurse take to promote health and prevent illness in this client?

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1. Prescribe a muscle relaxer for lower back pain caused by work-related injury

2. Educate the client on ways to reduce the chance of physical injury

3. Assess risk factors that predispose the client to physical injury

4. Reinforce proper lifting techniques to reduce the chance of injury

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The home care nurse visits an older client diag-nosed with Parkinson's disease who requires instillation of multiple eye drops. Which instruction for the administration of eye drops would the nurse provide to this client? 

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Ageing Sexology (sexual health and intimacy in older adults)

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Ageing Sexology (sexual health and intimacy in older adults)

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Check in with your selfie and ID

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Attach a supporting tool or resource (video, plan, or technique).

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Attach a supporting tool or resource (video, plan, or technique).

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Chatchaya ₍ˆ ̳ᓀ⩊ᓂ ̳ˆ₎ꪆ

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1. Maintains functional independence

2. Reduces risk of falls and chronic diseases

3. Improves cardiovascular and bone health

4. Enhances mood, cognition, and quality of life

Notes: การออกกำลังกายช่วยคงความสามารถในการดำรงชีวิต ลดความเสี่ยงโรคเรื้อรัง และเพิ่มสุขภาพจิต

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Warm-up and cool-down

Proper footwear and clothing

Hydration and monitoring vital signs

Adapt for chronic conditions (arthritis, heart disease, etc.)

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Aerobic: walking, swimming, cycling

Strength: resistance bands, light weights

Balance: Tai Chi, yoga, standing on one foot

Flexibility: stretching, chair yoga

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150 min/week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity

Strength training ≥ 2 days/week

Flexibility & balance exercises ≥ 3 days/week

Individualize according to health condition

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By the end of this session, students will be able to:

1. Define health promotion in the context of older adults.

2. Identify biological, psychological, and social factors influencing health in aging.

3. Discuss evidence-based health promotion strategies for older adults.

4. Apply gerontological nursing interventions to promote healthy aging.

5. Demonstrate critical thinking in case-based scenarios.

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Assess mobility and risks before recommending activity

Educate on benefits and safety

Supervise initial exercises if needed

Encourage motivation and adherence

Collaborate with physiotherapists and caregivers

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Mrs. Mali, 70 years old, with controlled diabetes and knee osteoarthritis. She wants to stay active but is afraid of falling.

Discussion: What exercise plan and safety advice would you recommend?

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Physical activity is essential for healthy aging

Guidelines: Aerobic + Strength + Balance + Flexibility

Nurses play a central role in assessment, education, and support

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1. Prevents falls and injuries

2. Enhances independence & confidence

3. Supports physical and mental well-being

4. Reduces caregiver burden

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Poor lighting

Clutter, loose rugs, slippery floors

Stairs without rails

Unsafe bathrooms (no grab bars)

Inappropriate footwear or furniture height

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1. Adequate lighting (hallways, bathrooms, night-lights)

2. Remove clutter and loose rugs

3. Install grab bars and non-slip mats in bathrooms

4. Use raised toilet seats, sturdy chairs, handrails on stairs

5. Label switches and medications clearly

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1. Accessible public spaces (ramps, elevators, benches)

2. Safe pedestrian crossings

3. Community exercise areas for seniors

4. Social support networks

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1. Assess environmental risks at home and community

2. Educate older adults and families about safety measures

3. Collaborate with occupational therapists and community health workers

4. Advocate for age-friendly policies and infrastructure

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Mr. Anan, 78 years old, lives alone. He has mild vision loss and recently fell in his bathroom.

Q: What environmental modifications and nursing interventions can help him?

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Safe environment is vital for fall prevention and independence

Hazards can be modified at home and community level

Nurses have a key role in assessment, education, and advocacy

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Notes: โภชนาการดีช่วยป้องกันโรค คงความสามารถ และส่งเสริมสุขภาพจิต

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2.Educate the client on ways to reduce the chance of physical injury . Health promotion includes teaching about safety, protective equipment, stretching, ergonomics, and injury prevention.

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Educate the client on ways to reduce the chance of physical injury.

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1. Maintains functional ability & independence

2. Prevents chronic diseases (HTN, diabetes, osteoporosis)

3. Supports immune system & wound healing

4. Enhances mental health and cognition

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↓ Appetite and taste changes

Dental problems, chewing/swallowing difficulties

↓ Muscle mass, metabolism, energy needs

Chronic illnesses and polypharmacy affect intake

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Inanition/Malnutrition (under-nutrition)

Obesity and metabolic syndrome

Micronutrient deficiencies (Vitamin D, calcium, B12, iron)

Dehydration

Dysphagia

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Balanced diet: vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean protein

Adequate protein intake for muscle health

Calcium & Vitamin D for bone health

Fiber and fluids for bowel function

Limit salt, sugar, and saturated fats

Notes: แนวทางอาหารสมดุล เน้นผักผลไม้ โปรตีน แคลเซียม วิตามินดี ใยอาหาร และการดื่มน้ำ

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BMI and weight monitoring

Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)

Food diaries and dietary recall

Lab values: albumin, hemoglobin, vitamin levels

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Assess nutritional status regularly

Educate on healthy food choices

Encourage family and caregiver involvement

Collaborate with dietitians and speech therapists (dysphagia)

Monitor hydration and weight changes

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Mrs. Chanida, 82 years old, lives with mild dementia, poor appetite, and recent weight loss.

Q: How should the nurse assess and promote her nutrition?

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Integral to quality of life and well-being

Enhances emotional closeness, intimacy, and mental health

Reduces loneliness and social isolation

Recognized by WHO as part of overall health

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Women: menopause, ↓ estrogen, vaginal dryness, ↓ libido

Men: ↓ testosterone, erectile dysfunction, longer refractory period

Both: ↓ circulation, chronic illnesses, medication side effects

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Attitudes, cultural beliefs, and taboos

Loss of partner or fear of rejection

Depression, anxiety, body image concerns

Need for privacy and respect in care facilities

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❌ Older adults are asexual

❌ Sexual activity is unsafe in aging

❌ Sexual desire disappears completely

✅ Reality: Sexuality continues, but changes with age

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Erectile dysfunction, vaginal atrophy, low libido

Impact of chronic conditions (diabetes, heart disease, arthritis)

Polypharmacy → side effects (antidepressants, antihypertensives)

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) still possible

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Provide holistic and non-judgmental assessment

Educate older adults about normal changes and safe practices

Encourage open communication between partners

Ensure privacy and dignity in care settings

Collaborate with physicians (e.g., hormone therapy, medications)

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Mr. Prasert, 72, reports erectile difficulties after starting antihypertensive drugs. He is embarrassed to discuss this with his wife.

Q: How should the nurse approach this situation?

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Stress = physical & emotional response to demands

Older adults may have lower resilience due to aging changes

Chronic stress → ↑ risk of hypertension, diabetes, depression, cognitive decline

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Loss of spouse, friends, or social role

Retirement and financial strain

Chronic illness, pain, disability

Loneliness and social isolation

Relocation to care facilities

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Physiological: ↑ cortisol, ↓ immunity, poor sleep, fatigue

Psychological: anxiety, depression, memory impairment

Social: withdrawal, poor relationships, decreased participation

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Relaxation techniques (deep breathing, meditation, progressive muscle relaxation)

Physical activity (walking, yoga, Tai Chi)

Social support (family, community, peer groups)

Hobbies & meaningful activities (gardening, art, music)

Mindfulness & spiritual practices

Adequate sleep and balanced diet

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Assess stressors and coping mechanisms

Provide counseling and health education

Encourage participation in community and support programs

Collaborate with psychologists, social workers, and caregivers

Promote positive coping and resilience

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Mrs. Supaporn, 75, widowed, reports poor sleep and feeling “useless” since retirement. She avoids social gatherings.

Q: How should the nurse assess and support her stress management?

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Stress is common in older adults but manageable

Causes: losses, illness, isolation, transitions

Strategies: relaxation, activity, support, mindfulness

Nurses play a vital role in assessment, education, and holistic support

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Enhancing Well-being, Reducing Isolation, Promoting Healthy Aging

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Enhancing Well-being, Reducing Isolation, Promoting Healthy Aging

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Enhancing Well-being, Reducing Isolation, Promoting Healthy Aging

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Promotes sense of belonging and identity

Reduces loneliness and isolation

Enhances emotional well-being and life satisfaction

Provides cognitive stimulation and prevents decline

Associated with longer life expectancy

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Physical: mobility, strength, balance (e.g., dancing, walking groups)

Mental: reduced stress, improved mood, delayed cognitive decline

Social: strengthens relationships, builds community connections

Spiritual: meaning, purpose, resilience

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Examples of Social & Recreational Activities

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Examples of Social & Recreational Activities

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Group exercises: Tai Chi, yoga, walking clubs

Hobbies: gardening, painting, handicrafts

Cultural & religious events

Volunteering and mentoring younger generations

Technology-based connections (video calls, online groups)

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Physical limitations: mobility, sensory impairments

Financial constraints

Transportation difficulties

Social stigma (“too old to join”)

Lack of supportive family or community

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Assess social support and recreational needs

Encourage participation in meaningful activities

Connect older adults with community resources & programs

Advocate for age-friendly environments and inclusive policies

Support family and caregivers in promoting engagement

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Mr. Chai, 80, lives with his daughter but spends most days alone watching TV. He used to enjoy gardening but says he “has no energy anymore.”

Q: How can the nurse promote his social participation and recreation?

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Social participation & recreation = key to healthy aging

Benefits: physical, mental, social, spiritual well-being

Barriers exist but can be addressed

Nurses play a vital role in assessment, support, and advocacy

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Importance of Vaccination in Older Adults

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Importance of Vaccination in Older Adults

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Aging immune system (immunosenescence) → higher infection risk

Vaccination reduces morbidity, mortality, and hospitalizations

Protects from complications of chronic diseases

Supports public health and herd immunity

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Common Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Older Adults

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Common Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Older Adults

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Influenza

Pneumonia (Pneumococcal disease)

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

COVID-19

Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis (Tdap booster)

Hepatitis B (for high-risk groups)

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Recommended Vaccines for Older Adults (CDC / WHO)

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Recommended Vaccines for Older Adults (CDC / WHO)

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Annual Influenza vaccine

Pneumococcal vaccines (PCV15, PPSV23)

Herpes Zoster vaccine (2-dose series)

COVID-19 vaccines & boosters

Tdap / Td booster every 10 years

Others: Hepatitis B, MMR (if not immune) depending on risk

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Fear of side effects

Belief that vaccines are “not needed” in older age

Cost and access issues

Lack of awareness of updated guidelines

Cultural and personal beliefs

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Assess immunization status during routine care

Educate about benefits, safety, and myths

Administer vaccines and monitor for reactions

Advocate for vaccination policies and access

Encourage family involvement and community awareness

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Mrs. Wanna, 72, has diabetes and hypertension. She has never received a shingles vaccine and believes she “doesn’t need it anymore.”

Q: How should the nurse counsel her?

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Vaccination is essential for preventing infectious diseases in older adults

Key vaccines: Influenza, Pneumococcal, Shingles, COVID-19, Tdap

Barriers exist but can be addressed through education and advocacy

Nurses play a central role in assessment, education, administration, and support

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Which of the following is the most appropriate exercise recommendation for older adults according to WHO/ACSM guidelines?

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Which of the following is the most appropriate exercise recommendation for older adults according to WHO/ACSM guidelines?

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A. 60 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity per week only

B. 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week plus strength and balance training

C. Walking once a week as tolerated without other exercise

D. Daily bed rest to reduce fall risk

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appropriate exercise recommendation for older adults 

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B.150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week plus strength and balance training

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150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week plus strength and balance training.

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List three environmental modifications that can reduce the risk of falls in older adults at home.

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List three environmental modifications that can reduce the risk of falls in older adults at home.

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environmental modifications that can reduce the risk of falls in older adults at home.

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1. Remove tripping hazards – keep floors clear, secure loose rugs with non-slip backing, and tidy electrical cords.

2. Improve lighting – install bright, glare-free lighting in hallways, staircases, and bathrooms; use night-lights.

3. Install supportive equipment – add grab bars in bathrooms, handrails on both sides of stairs, and non-slip mats in showers.

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The environmental modifications that can reduce the risk of falls in older adults at home are:

1. Ensure adequate lighting throughout the home (especially in hallways, stairways, and bathrooms).

2. Remove loose rugs and clutter to keep walking pathways clear.

3. Install grab bars in the bathroom and handrails on both sides of stairways.

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Which of the following nutrients is especially important for maintaining bone health in older adults?

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Which of the following nutrients is especially important for maintaining bone health in older adults?

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A. Vitamin C and Iron

B. Calcium and Vitamin D

C. Vitamin B12 and Folate

D. Sodium and Potassium

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nutrients is especially important for maintaining bone health in older adults

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Calcium and Vitamin D

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Mrs. Chanida, 82, presents with weight loss, poor appetite, and mild dementia.

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Mrs. Chanida, 82, presents with weight loss, poor appetite, and mild dementia.

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What two nursing interventions can support her nutritional intake?

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Mrs. Chanida, 82, presents with weight loss, poor appetite, and mild dementia.

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1. Offer small, frequent, nutrient-dense meals and snacks – This helps her consume enough calories and protein without overwhelming her, which is especially important when appetite is poor.

2. Provide assistance and a pleasant eating environment – Sit with her during meals, offer verbal cues or hand-over-hand assistance if needed, and reduce distractions to encourage eating and improve intake.

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The nursing interventions that can support Mrs. Chanida’s nutritional intake are

1. Provide small, frequent, nutrient-dense meals in a calm, distraction-free environment to encourage eating and reduce fatigue.

2. Offer assistance with feeding as needed, using adaptive utensils and allowing adequate time for meals to promote dignity and adequate intake.

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Which of the following is a common misconception about sexuality in older adults?

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Which of the following is a common misconception about sexuality in older adults?

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A. Older adults may experience vaginal dryness or erectile dysfunction

B. Older adults lose all interest in sexual activity after 65

C. Sexual health contributes to overall well-being and quality of life

D. Medications can affect sexual function

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A.Older adults lose all interest in sexual activity after 65

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Older adults lose all interest in sexual activity after 65.

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Mr. Somchai, 76, reports poor sleep and feelings of worry since his wife’s death. He lives alone and rarely socializes.

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Mr. Somchai, 76, reports poor sleep and feelings of worry since his wife’s death. He lives alone and rarely socializes.

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Suggest two stress management strategies that a nurse could recommend.

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Mr. Somchai, 76, reports poor sleep and feelings of worry since his wife’s death. He lives alone and rarely socializes.

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1. Regular light physical activity – Activities like brisk walking, gentle stretching, or yoga can reduce anxiety, improve mood, and promote better sleep.

2. Engaging in creative hobbies – Activities such as drawing, gardening, singing, or journaling can relax the mind and help manage stress without relying on social interaction.

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Two stress management strategies for Mr. Somchai:

1. Join social activities or support groups to reduce isolation.

2. Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing or mindfulness.

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Which of the following best illustrates the benefits of social participation in older adults?

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Which of the following best illustrates the benefits of social participation in older adults?

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A. Increased social isolation and loneliness

B. Higher risk of depression and cognitive decline

C. Enhanced emotional well-being and sense of belonging

D. Decreased community involvement

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C.Enhanced emotional wellbeing and sense of belonging

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Enhanced emotional well-being and sense of belonging.

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Which vaccine is recommended annually for older adults?

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Which vaccine is recommended annually for older adults?

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A. Pneumococcal vaccine

B. Shingles (Herpes Zoster) vaccine

C. Influenza vaccine

D. Tetanus-diphtheria booster

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Influenza vaccine💉

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Influenza vaccine