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The first volunteer night watch system was created in Boston to keep order in the community. This system relied on citizens and was reactive rather than professional.

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Slave patrols were created to regulate enslaved people, prevent escape, and enforce slave codes. These patrols are considered one of the earliest forms of organized policing in the South.

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1838 - Boston forms the First modern Police Department 

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1838 - Boston forms the First modern Police Department 

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Boston became the first U.S. city to establish a full-time, salaried police force. This marked the move toward professional, organized policing in major cities.

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1905 - August Vollmer Becomes Town Marshal of Berkley, CA

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1905 - August Vollmer Becomes Town Marshal of Berkley, CA

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Known as the "Father of American Policing," Vollmer introduced reforms such as higher education for officers, outlawing the "third degree," and using science and technology in law enforcement.

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1910- First Full-Time Policewoman Hired 

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1910- First Full-Time Policewoman Hired 

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Alice Stebbins Wells joined the Los Angeles Police Department as the first paid policewoman with arrest powers, opening the door for women in policing.

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1960s-1970s - Civil Rights Movement and Police Reform 

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1960s-1970s - Civil Rights Movement and Police Reform 

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Civil unrest highlighted issues of excess force and racial discrimination in policing. This era brought legislative changes like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968

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1970s-1990s - Rise of community Policing 

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1970s-1990s - Rise of community Policing 

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Police departments emphasized building trust and collaboration with communities. The strategy shifted policing towards prevention, problem-solving, and partnerships

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Post-9/11 (2001) - Homeland security Policing strategies 

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Post-9/11 (2001) - Homeland security Policing strategies 

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After the terrorist attacks, policing expanded to include counterterrorism and intelligence-gathering. Local police increasingly coordinated with federal agencies for homeland security.

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Departments across the country adopted body cameras to increase transparency and accountability. While widely used, debates continue over their effectiveness in reducing misconduct.