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Think & Disscus (p. 73)

1. What risks do you sometimes take?

Darylene: Constantly, I have to drive from to Toa Baja, where I live, to Humacao, where the university is. For me, that's something risky because I recently obtained my drivers license so I still learning.
Félix: The risks that I sometimes take are none. I only live my life as the days go by, I may take a few like answering in class or driving at night, but that's something so casual that I don't consider it a risk.
Yarlene:

2. What kinds of people take a lot of risks in their lives?

Darylene: I believe that people who have nothing to lose are the most risk-takers in their lives.
Félix: The people that like to live in danger or those who want to take the adrenaline for a walk.
Yarlene:

B. Discussion (p. 76)

1. Do you have a goal for learning English? What it is?

Darylene: Yes, I want to speak fluent English and increase my vocabulary in such language.
Félix: My goal by learning English it’s to be more fluently speaking in front of people and be able to communicate with people without the necessity of using the internet to search for a word that I don’t remember or don’t know how to pronounce it.
Yarlene:

2. When was the last time you felt afraid? Why do you feel this way?

Darylene: I think the last time I felt afraid was a month ago when my parents got in a car accident. I felt this way because I wasn't near them and don't know what really happened.
Félix: The last time I felt afraid was when I was in the beach and the tide pulled me far away. I felt this way because I was in a risky situation and I started thinking that I was not coming home that day.
Yarlene:

3. Would you like to try any dangerous activities? If yes, which ones?

Darylene: No, I'm a person who enjoys tranquility. I would rather stay in my comfort zone than risk my life in dangerous activities.
Félix: I would like to try skydiving or surfing. It’s something that I want to do since a child.
Yarlene:

D. Discussion (p. 79)

1. Think of a time when you took a risk. What type of risk was it: social, financial, career, or something else?

Darylene: I took a social risk when I talked to a stranger on my trip to Colombia.
Félix: I took a career risk when I was doing my first clinical practice in Cataño and I had to treat people with injuries and illnesses. I really put myself out there and I put all my effort to do everything right.
Yarlene:

2. Why did you take the risk? How did you feel afterwards?

Darylene: I wanted to know more about the Colombian culture so I asked about it. Afterwards, I felt great!
Félix: First, I took the risk besucase it was a grade, my concentration demands it, it’s in the program. Second, I needed to be in a real escenario because I’m working with the health of people, this is very serious and I felt really great. I saw myself growing as a professional person and it was pleasant.
Yarlene:

C. Discussion | BEFORE VIEWING (p. 82)

We, as a group, think that Niles crocodiles:
▪︎ can be about as long as _3__ humans lying end to end
▪︎ can weight around _10__ times more than an average human male
▪︎ can eat about _365__ kg of food in one meal

A & B. Discussion | AFTER VIEWING (p. 82)

A. Would you like to work with dangerous animals? Why or why not?

Darylene: No, per se, I don't like animals, even less wild ones.
Félix: I wouldn’t work with dangerous animals because it’s not in my plans to be bitten or scratched by one and I appreciate my life.
Yarlene:

B. In your opinion, what kind of risk-taker is Brady Barr?

Darylene: In my opinion, Brady Barr is a professional risk-taker, thrill seeker, and goal-driven risk-taker.
Félix: In my opinión he is a goal-driven risk-taker.
Yarlene:

B & C. Discussion (p. 83)

B. List three ideas for each category
1. three sports in which you need to be strong

Darylene: I think that three sports in which you need to be strong are: football, weightlifting, and gymnastics.
Félix: Football, gymnastics, wrestling.
Yarlene:

2. three countries that are close to your country

Darylene: Three countries that are close to Puerto Rico are: Dominican Republic, Dominica, and St. Kitts and Nevis.
Félix: República Dominicana, Cuba, Jamaica
Yarlene:

3. three animals that are about the size of a small car

Darylene: Three animals that are about the size of a small car are: a horse, a zebra, and a moose.
Félix: Rhino, lion, crocodile
Yarlene:

C. What do the two people in the passage do?

Darylene: The girl on page 84 is climbing a rock and the man on page 85 is taking a photo of a whale underwater. Both activities are risky. This because both of them are exposing themselves to dangerous situations. The girl can fall and die and the man, also, can die by being eaten by a whale.
Félix:  The girl on the first picture is climbing a rock horizontally and in the second photo, there is a diver taking a photo of a huge whale. There is a lot of risks involve, the first photo, where the girl is climbing, there ir a risk where she can fall and get severely injured or also even die. On the second photo, where there is a huge whale, there are some probabilities of the diver getting out of oxygen in the tank or where some other sea animal attacks him.
Yarlene:

D. Discussion (p. 86)

1. Which person takes the biggest risks? Why do you think so?

Darylene: I think Ashima Shiraishi takes the biggest risks. This because she still very young and climbs in the most difficult places around the world without equipment.
Félix: I think Ashima Shiraishi , takes the biggest risks becuase she climbs rocks without any equipment at all and they go free soloing. If something occurs to her, there is poor probabilities that someone could help her.
Yarlene:

E. Discussion (p. 89)

How often do you do these activities?
1. travel alone:

Darylene: I sometimes travel alone.
Félix: I never travel alone.
Yarlene:

2. speak in front of large groups:

Darylene: I rarely speak in front of large groups.
Félix: I hardly ever speak in front of large groups.
Yarlene:

3. talk to strangers at parties:

Darylene: I occasionally talk to strangers at parties.
Félix: I often talk to strangers at parties.
Yarlene:

4. study for a test at the last minute:

Darylene: I often study for a test at the last minute.
Félix: I often study for a test at the last minute.

Yarlene:

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Think & Disscus (p. 91)

1. Which of the world's animals are disappearing? Why are they disappearing?

Darylene: Some animals that are disappearing are: the Puerto Rican parrots, the sea turtles, the polar bears, the elephants, and others. This due to climatic changing, human activities, hunting, and more.
Félix:
Yarlene:

2. What can people do to help save animals in danger?

Darylene: People can monetarily support entities that protect endangered animals. Also, they can recycle, not support hunting, not support deforestation, among others. things.Also,
Félix:
Yarlene:

A. Before Reading (p. 99)

1. What do you know about lemurs? How would you describe them?

Darylene: Personally, I do nt know anything about lemurs. I only know a few about its appearance thanks to the movie "Madagascar". If they are similar to the ones in the movie, these animals are small and curious and have multiple colors. lemurs.
Félix: I don’t know nothing about these animals. I would describe them as shy animals that jumps high and eat a lot of fruits and vegetables, in addition to living in trees.
Yarlene:

A & B. After Viewing (p. 100)

A. What does Chris Smith mean when he says, "When you look into a lemur's eyes, you can tell that they're looking back"?

Darylene: With that quote, Chris Smith is saying that lemurs are very similar to humans. As well, he is saying that they are curious animals.
Félix: I think it means that if you look them in the eyes, there is a great possibility that they think the same as you since they are very similar and also because they have a very similar evolution to ours, so we would be looking at relatives.
Yarlene:

B. Which animal would you like to help more: lemurs or turtles? Why?

Darylene: I would most like to help sea turtles because I am more related to them than lemurs. This because I live on an island, so I think I could be more helpful in their conservation.

Félix: I would like to help the lemurs becuase they are fewer than turtles, the majority of people knows what a sea turtle is and that they are endangered cause the climate change and the lot of waste that there are in the ocean. Contrary to lemurs since not many people know what they are and besides that there are over 100 species, they are only located in Madagascar, on an island that is now being inhabited by humans.  According to the reading, within 20 to 25 years these will be extinct in exchange for the turtles, these increased in number to about 30,000 in 2015.
Yarlene:

B. Preparing to Read (p. 101)

1. Which animal do you care about the most? Why?

Darylene: I a m not an animal lover, but If I have to care about one, it will be a cat. This because it is the animal with which I have interacted the most.

Félix:
Yarlene:

2. What animals do you know about that have disappeared forever?

Darylene: The mammoth is an animal that has disappeared forever.
Félix:
Yarlene:

D. Understanding the Reading (p. 106)

1. How do the Duke Lemur Center and Joel Sartore help to save endangered species?

Darylene: Duke Lemur Center protects a large population of lemurs outside their habitat. Also, they raise them. On the other way, through a camera, Sartore spreads awareness about endangered species. He educates other people.
Félix: Duke Lemur Center studies the lemurs and takes care of them and their population outside Madagascar. One of the most important jobs is taking care of lemur babies. On the other hand, Joel Sartore uses his camera to take photos of the species to publish it and show the world that they’re endangered.
Yarlene:

2. Which approach do you think is more useful in terms of saving animals?

Darylene: I think that Duke Lemur Center's approach is most useful because they are not only protecting and taking care of the lemurs but also they are helping to increase the population of these animals.
Félix:  I think Duke Lemur Center’s approach is more useful because in addition to studying and protecting lemurs, they are doing something about it. Usually people see devastating photos and feel sorry, but most of the time they don't do anything about it and go on with their ordinary life. These people saw a problem and took action.
Yarlene:

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Think & Discusss (p. 111)
1. Make a list of items and devices that you use every day.

Darylene: Cell phone, car, pencil, microwave, notebook...
Félix: Cell phone and a charger, air pods, tablet, wrist watch...
Yarlene:
2. Do you know who invented any of the things on your list?
Darylene: No, I really don't know.
Félix: No, but I know that Steve Jobs was the founder of apple and I own some of his products.

Reading 1 (p. 114)

C. List three ideas for each category below. Then share your ideas with a partner.

Darylene:
1. wood, apple, boat
2. shoe, steel, rocks
3. car, boat, airplane
4. Ramón Emeterio Betances, Francesco Petrarca, Mariana Bracetti
Félix:
1. boat, beach ball, surf table
2. rocks, cents, googles
3. cars, airplane, trucks
4. Thomas Edison, Benjamin Franklin, Nikola Tesla
Yarlene:
1.
2.
3.
4.

D. Read the first paragraph of the reading passage on pages 115-116. What invention does it describe? Why does the author describe the invention as “amazing”? Note your ideas below. Then discuss with a partner.

Darylene: The first paragraph describes a clock. The author calls the invention "amazing" because it was more than 23 feet and was created 800 years ago. As well, it is "amazing" because it has a life-size elephant and other animal species that come alive every half hour.
Félix: It describes a huge clock attached on an elephant and this one was about 23 feet high. This clock every half hour impressed people because model birds and dragons came out and people started to move.
Yarlene:

Understanding the reading (p. 117)

C. Note answers to the question below. Then discuss with a partner.

1. In paragraph B, what opinion does the author give of al-Jazari?
Darylene: The author says that al-Jazari was probably one of the greatest engineers in history!
Félix: That he was probably one of the greatest engineers in history.
Yarlene:

2. What evidence does the author use to support his/her opinion?
Darylene: The author supports his/her opinion with what historians call him: "the father of modern-day engineering".
Félix: The evidence that he uses is that historians call him “the father of modern-day engineering”.
Yarlene:

Video: The Golden Age (p. 119)
Before viewing

A. Look at the title of the video. The phrase Golden Age is used to talk about times in history when people achieved great things. What period in your country’s history could be described as a Golden Age? Discuss with a partner.

Félix: I think that a period on my country’s history could be when “el Estado Libre Asociado” was created in the mid 20th century.
Darylene: Like my classmate Félix, I consider that the Golden Age of Puerto Rico was in 1952. In that year, on July 25, was created the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico). In effect, it was created the Constitution of Puerto Rico and the actual flag of our country was officially adopted and raised.
Yarlene:

After viewing (p. 120)

B. Which of the people in activity A do you think made the most useful discoveries? Why? Discuss with a partner.

Darylene: I think that all of them made useful discoveries. However, if I have to mention one, it will be the contributions of Abbas ibn Firnas. With his ideas, human beings were able to fly! Thanks to him, we were able to connect with each other no matter distance.
Félix: I think the invention of Al-Jazari, the clock, it’s the most useful discovery because with it you can have a vision of the time you have left to do certain things and plan your days. I even think it has to do with the calendar becuase it sets a limit for each day.
Yarlene:

Preparing to Read (p. 121)

B. List three ideas for each category below. Then share your ideas with a partner.

Félix:
1. Christmas, birthdays, Independence Day
2. to communicate, adquiere knowledge, to travel
3. Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, Benjamin Franklin
Darylene:
1. birthday, Holy Week, Christmas
2. to enrich myself with knowledge, to understand my Occupational Therapy books that are in English, to open new possibilities of work
3. Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, Marie Curie

Understanding the Reading (p. 124)

C. Note answers to the questions below. Then discuss with a partner.

1. In paragraph C, what adjective does the author use to describe Lovelace’s math and science ability?

Félix: The author uses the word brilliant to describe Lovelace’s math and sciences ability.
Darylene: In that paragraph, the adjective that the author uses to describe Lovelace's math and science ability is "brilliant".
Yarlene:

2. In the sentences of the reading passage, what phrase does the author use to describe his/her opinion of Ada Lovelace?

Félix: The phrase that he use was “she even created a design for a flying machine at the age of 13”.
Darylene: The phrase that the author uses to describe his/her opinion of Ada Lovelace is "role model".
Yarlene:

3. In paragraph E, what evidence does the author give to support his/her opinion?

Darylene: To support his/her opinion, he/she explains that Lovelace helped to write an article on the Analytical Engine where she described a step-by-step calculation that, today, is considered the first design of a computer.
Félix: The evidence that he gives is that she helped write an article on the Analytical Engine in 1843. She added her own ideas and notes to it and one of her notes described a step by step calculation that the Analytical Engine could performe. Also, is thought to be the first design of what we now call a computer.
Yarlene:

D. What are three things that al-Jazari and Ada Lovelace have in common? Write your ideas below. Then discuss with a partner.

Darylene: Al-Jazari and Ada Lovelace were both brilliant individuals, they both made an impact in our actual life, our modern life, and both of them are not well known.
Félix: The things they have in common are that both inventions are very important today and are necessary, both were mathematicians, and even today they are even merged into the same device.
Yarlene:

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Think & Discuss (p. 129)

1. Which do you think is more interesting—the ocean or space? Why?

Darylene: I think it is more interesting to explore the ocean. I consider that because we are inhabitants of the Earth. As an effect, we have more contact with water, the ocean, than with space. For the same, I believe that fact causes greater curiosity, since water surrounds more than half of the planet, and we know about 5% of all the life down there.

Félix: For me, the ocean is more interesting because we haven’t even finished analyzing it completely or in its depths.

Yarlene:

2. Do you think it’s more useful to explore the ocean or the space? Why??

Darylene: I believe that it’s more useful to explore the ocean because it’s part of where we live, the Earth.

Félix: I think it’s more useful exploring the ocean because we can learn something about it and use it in our favor.

Yarlene:

B & C. Reading 1 (p. 132)

B. Which planet is the biggest in the solar system? Which is nearer the sun: Mars or Venus? Why do you think conditions on Pluto are not suitable for life?

Darylene: The biggest planet in the solar system is Jupiter. Venus is closer to the sun than Mars. Pluto is too far away from the sun, so it is too cold for life!

Félix: Jupiter is the biggest planet in the solar system. Venus is nearer the sun. I think it's because being so far from the sun it would be too cold, plus it doesn't have oxygen either.

Yarlene:

C. What two questions does the author ask?

Darylene: The author asks if there are other planets like Earth and, if so, if humans could live there one day. In my opinion, I have no doubt that there are more planets like Earth. The universe is so huge and unknown. How could there be, among such immensity, life only on the Earth. That is not possible for me. Also, I believe that human beings could one day live on another planet. But I see that far away and, up to now, unnecessary. We must live from day to day, loving and caring even more the piece of land we know, our planet, the Earth.

Félix: The two questions that the author asks are “But there are other planets like Earth? And could humans live there one day?”. I think it's possible, but the mission to execute that would be very difficult because that's without counting the trip.

Yarlene:

A. Video (p. 137)

Before Viewing

1. Look at the photo and read the caption. Where are the people? What do you think they can learn from exploring a place like this?

Darylene: The people in the picture are diving in an underwater cave. Doing that, they can study rocks, animals, plants…the depths of the ocean.

Félix: The divers are in a cave located in Florida. They can learn by exploring that cave, some new stones, sea creatures and areas that have never being seen before.

Yarlene:

After Viewing

A. Would you like to explore underwater caves? Why or why not?

Darylene: I think that it will be interesting to explore underwater caves. However, I cannot do that by myself. I believe it is too risky and dangerous.

Félix: I would like to explore an underwater cave, but one time only. I’m a swimmer and I have always wanted to try diving before but I know that I would get nervous and anxious being too deep underwater.

Yarlene:

B. How are the challenges of exploring underwater similar to the challenges of exploring space?

Darylene: Both activities are risky. This since very little is known about such areas: the ocean and the space. In the same way, in order to survive the explorations, special equipment is required, for example, oxygen tanks.

Félix: The challenges for exploring underwater and space are similar. They have to put their life at risk, use technological equipment to create a map or a visualization of the area, you would have to go with a team of researchers who know the subject, you don't know what you are going to find and many dollars are invested for each investigation.

Yarlene:

C & D. Reading 2 (p. 139)

C.

Darylene:

• three animals that live deep in the ocean: white shark, squid, eel shark

• three vehicles that are used in the water: submarine, jet ski, boat

• three common illness: influenza, a cold, COVID-19

Félix:

• three animals that live deep in the ocean: sea pig, flapjack octopus, giant isopod

• three vehicles that are used in the water: catamaran, deck boat, airboat

• three common illness: flu, diarrhea, conjunctivitis

Yarlene:

• three animals that live deep in the ocean:

• three vehicles that are used in the water:

• three common illness:

D. Why do you think it might be useful to explore the deepest parts of the oceans?

Darylene: It might be useful to explore the deepest parts of the oceans to understand completely the world where we live. Comprehending our planet, we could respect nature even more and protect it, since it is essential for our existence. We could live in harmony with our resources.

Félix:

- You might see some new sea creatures.

- Learn about something you might never have the experience to see.

- Expand your knowledge.

- It can be very interesting and you might love to do those investigations one day.

Yarlene:

E. Understanding the Reading (p. 142)

Darylene: I think it is more interesting to explore the ocean. I consider that because we are inhabitants of the Earth. As an effect, we have more contact with water, the ocean, than with space. For the same, I believe that fact causes greater curiosity,  since water surrounds more than half of the planet, and we know about 5% of all the life down there.

Félix: I think ocean exploration is more interesting.

Reason 1: Only 5% of the ocean has been explored.

Reason 2: I would love to visit those unexplored places at least once.

Yarlene:

# data[].attributes.body
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