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Fake news relates to all the AOKs and themes in some way. Having said that, you can’t explore fake news without beginning with politics, and considering how it is affected by this issue. Our media sources also look at the role of language in fake news, the way technology spreads it, how issues within the human sciences are subject to misrepresentation, and how our knowledge of the natural sciences and history can be undermined by fake news. 

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Obviously we’re focusing here primarily on the arts, but as we’re fond of pointing out, knowledge overlaps massively between areas of knowledge and themes. How do we use art on a personal level to make sense of the world (knowledge & the knower)? Can the arts be used to understand a phenomenon from the natural sciences? How do the arts help us to evaluate the way society has been impacted by Covid-19 (the human sciences). 

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Environmental awareness links closely to the natural sciences, although looking after the natural world is the defining characteristic of indigenous societies, and we are increasingly seeing industrialized societies learning from this source of knowledge. 

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Representing the world via maps is a central concern of TOK, and relates to many aspects of the course: the human sciences (geography, economics, etc.), politics (whether those borders are ‘real’), history (how maps change over time), and even technology (how we create and make use of maps).

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The invasion of Ukraine by Russian forces is a catastrophic event that has massively impacted the way we view and understand the world. Journalism (related to human sciences) is the first draft of history, so which media sources will form the basis of our future knowledge, and which ones will be dismissed as peddling fake news? How can we ensure that individual knowers are accessing the truth about what’s going on? How is technology being used to provide both reliable and misleading information - and how do we avoid being manipulated by the latter? How do political perspectives shape the way we understand events?

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Both the natural sciences and the human sciences are affected - both adversely and more positively - by competition. Our personal abilities to rise above the need to compete connects this issue to knowledge & the knower. 

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How politicians use language to get across their ideas, and to try to persuade us of their qualities, is something that has strong resonance with TOK, and which is one way we can draw on the course to help us avoid being manipulated.

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Linguistic determinism - like linguistic relativism - is one of the central issues and concepts to consider in language, with our media sources also linking it clearly to knowledge & the knower in terms of the power of language to determine our personal outlooks and understanding of the world. 

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Indigenous stewardship of the environment

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Indigenous stewardship of the environment

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Indigenous stewardship of the environment

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As the climate crisis deepens, we’re looking more urgently for solutions. One of these is to model our practises related to environmental management on approaches followed by indigenous societies, and developing a different approach than one purely based on the natural sciences.

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Historical distortion, unlike historical revisionism, occurs when a deliberate attempt by political or other agenda-laden individuals or groups try to manipulate history in order to serve their own ends. This issue can be linked to quite a few different aspects of the course - politics, human sciences, language, and, obviously, history.

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Diet and health is a great issue to look at to explore the methodology of the natural sciences. It also relies on the communication of ideas via clear language. Finally, connect it to knowledge & the knower by thinking about why we often believe in myths, rather than where the evidence takes us. 

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Big data relates to lots of different aspects of TOK. It is basically statistical information, so it’s closely connected to mathematics, and generated and communicated via technology. But it can be applied to virtually any aspect of the course - history, the human and natural sciences, politics - to understand the world more accurately. 

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Anti-vax beliefs connect to a lot of different aspects of TOK. We’re dealing with public medicine here, so it’s closely related to the natural and human sciences. Our political and religious perspectives may have an effect on whether we are pro or anti-vaccinations. Whether we accept the evidence related to vaccine effectiveness also places this issue within knowledge & the knower. 