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NIDEK Confocal Scanning Laser Opthalmoscope

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NIDEK Confocal Scanning Laser Opthalmoscope

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Monika Fleckenstein, F. G. (2013). Scanning Laser Opthalmoscopy. Retrieved from ScienceDirect: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/scanning-laser-ophthalmoscopy

Xuejun Rao, L. W. (2017, July 7). Optical Design of Adaptive Optics Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope with Two Deformable Mirrors. Retrieved from SpringerLink: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-55231-6_50#auth-Jinsheng-Yang

LaRocca F, Dhalla AH, Kelly MP, Farsiu S, Izatt JA. Optimization of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope design. J Biomed Opt. 2013 Jul;18(7):076015. doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.18.7.076015. PMID: 23864013; PMCID: PMC3713285.

Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy - Ophthalmic Photographers’ Society. (n.d.). Www.opsweb.org. Retrieved May 20, 2023, from https://www.opsweb.org/page/SLO

Sharma, A. (2022, January). SLO-Based Widefield Imaging: An Atlas of Retinal Detachments. Retrieved from Retina Today: https://retinatoday.com/articles/2022-jan-feb/slo-based-widefield-imaging-an-atlas-of-retinal-detachments?c4src=issue:feed

Bille, J. F. (2019). High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology. New Frontiers in Biomedical Optics, 35-54. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.my/books?hl=en&lr=&id=9yCpDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=what+is+the+latest+evaluation+in+confocal+scanning+laser+ophthalmoscopy+technology&ots=eEJdIbuLDe&sig=0PaiYqV7c0XvY8KlDuvlR8qMXYo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

Hiroto et al. (2021). Recent Advances and Clinical Application of Color Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 1. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/4/718

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The confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) is a device that can be used for a number of retinal imaging techniques, such as fundus autofluorescence, ICG angiography, and fluorescein angiography.

In confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO), a small focused laser point is rapidly swept across the retina pixel by pixel in a raster pattern. Because imaging is confocal, interfering stray light from adjacent structures is minimized, thereby improving contrast. The use of several laser sources permits the imaging of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and the optic nerve by different wavelengths according to their respective absorption, reflection, and excitation properties.

Confocal imaging also enables in-depth structural analysis of the retina and optic nerve, layer by layer, and three-dimensional digital reconstruction, e.g. in the Heidelberg Retina Tomogram (HRT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The latest SLOs offer not only facilities for digital fluorescein/indocyanine green angiography, but also autofluorescence, red-free and infrared imaging as well as high-resolution Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) all in one machine.

These devices have been modified by some manufacturers to include Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) functionality. However, they are unable to capture full color images of the retina. High-contrast, finely detailed images are produced when a confocal optical system is used in conjunction with monochromatic laser illumination. This characteristic results from the fact that the laser beam is the only source of illumination, leaving the rest of the patient's pupil open to light collecting. In addition, the laser produces a very narrow wavelength band for more effective fluorescence excitation than the fundus camera's filtered flash illumination.

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With the help of the Scottish company's Optomap® technology, which employs CSLO imaging to provide high-resolution pictures of the retina and optic nerve head, eye illnesses may be identified and treated early on.

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For accurate photographs of the eye, the Japanese company's RS-3000 Advance 2 system combines CSLO and OCT imaging.

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The Cirrus HD-OCT and Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 systems of the German company produces high-resolution retina and optic nerve head pictures.

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A Japanese manufacturer of several ophthalmic devices which includes CSLO systems. The 3D OCT-1 Maestro and 3D OCT-1 Maestro2 systems from the company provide comprehensive pictures of the eye by combining OCT and CSLO imaging.

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This German business specialises in the creation of ophthalmology-specific diagnostic imaging devices. The business manufactures the Spectralis® CSLO system, which ophthalmologists frequently utilise for the detection and tracking of eye conditions.

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There are a number of different manufacturers that made confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) systems. The following are a few of the most widely recognised manufacturers