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Work with a partner or in a small group.

Imagine you need to choose appropriate research methods to answer this example research question:

What is the relationship between distance learning and student mental wellbeing?

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In the same groups, open and scan the ‘example journal article methods section’ document.

Part A: Add answers to the class padlet:

A.  Where did the researchers carry out their research?

B.  Which people (= participants) were included in this research?

C.  What kind(s) of information did the researchers want to find out from these people?

D.  How did they find / collect this information?

E.  What reason(s) did the researchers give for their choices?

Part B: Discuss: Did the researchers have the same answers you had in activity 4? Note any interesting similarities / differences.

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In the same groups as before, study the example research questions on the next slide. For each question, decide:

1.  Which data collection technique might be appropriate? Why?

2.  Which participants might be appropriate? Why?

3.  Which setting might be appropriate? Why?

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In the Pre-Class Activity, you reviewed your understanding of academic research.   What do you already know about academic research and research methods? In pairs or small groups, discuss:

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In the Pre-Class Activity, you reviewed your understanding of academic research.   What do you already know about academic research and research methods? In pairs or small groups, discuss:

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1.  What is ‘academic research’?

2.  What are some of the ways / techniques to collect primary data?

3.  What is the word used for the people who take part in research?

4.  What is the word used for the place where research is based?

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Problem 1 - solution
problem 2 - solution
Problem 3 - solution

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1.Interviewer did not show respect to the interviewee.
solution: The language interviewer chose should be more polite.
2.Interviewee answered the question with low quality.
solution:Interviewees that were chosen should be more related to the research or professional.
3.The language that interviewer chose is not academic
solution:The attitude of interviewer should be objective

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Problem 1:The interviwer did not explain to the interviewee the topic of the interview.
solution:give interviewee some information about the interview.
Problem2:The interviewer did not guide the interviewee to express more.
solution:Interviewees should be given more guidance.
Problem3:Irregular language of the interviewer.
solution:Professional terminology should be used.

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1. The researcher designed a questionnaire, and the participants answered the questionnaire. Researchers are initiative and participants are passive.
2. Multiple choice & Tick box (multiple answer)，Ranking，Likert ScaleComment box，Comment box，Dichotomous (questions with only 2 possible answers)
3. 1)verision 3
It is convenient for statistical participants to choose, and they can also supplement the answers to questions. so that researchers can obtain more accurate data.
2)verision 2
It does not need to write or add answers.
4.Including: title, subject, theme, thank you, description
It can let interviewers know that their information is safe and understand the purpose of their answers.
5.Multiple choice.income, occupation, nationality.
6.advantage:
a)The questionnaire method saves time, money and manpower.
b)The questionnaire survey results are easy to quantify.
c)The results of the questionnaire are convenient for statistical processing and analysis.
Disadvantages:
a)Unable to understand the vivid and specific social situation
b) It is difficult to conduct in-depth investigation.
c) The authenticity and quality of survey data are often not guaranteed.
d) The recovery rate is sometimes difficult to guarantee.
7.Open ended questions are like question and answer questions, which cannot be answered in one or two words. This kind of question needs to be explained and explained. At the same time, you should express to the other party that you are interested in what they say and want to know more about it.
Closed questions refer to the questions designed in advance with various possible answers for the respondents to choose.
It is a good way to choose open or closed questions according to different topics.

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Q1. Questionnaire researchers design questionnaires and collect the answer from questionnaire participants.
Q2.Multiple choice & Tick box; Ranking; Likert Scale; Comment box; Dichotomous
Q3.1.Version 3 is the most useful for me,because it is more specific and visual.
2.version 1 is the easiest for participants to answer,the questions are easy to understand.
Q4  1. Give participants some ethical information about the question in advance.
2. The topic and aim of the research.   A request for participants' informed consent.   A clear statement that participant details will remain anonymous.
Q5 1. Demographics
2.  Income, Nationality, Level of education, Religion, Marital Status.
Q6.Advantages:It is convenient to use the same questions for different participants.And the results are easy to analyse.
Disadvantages:The regions and groups are limited.It is impossible to collect answers which researchers do not consider about.
Q7 1. You can answer anything for open questions,but for closed questions,you can only choose the answers that researchers designed.
2.Closed questions more likely to be used in questionnaires,because there is much data of questionnaires,open questions are too difficult to collect.

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Q1.Participant = the person completing the questionnaire. Researcher = the person who created and / or set the questionnaire
Q2.Multiple choice.  Ranking.  Likert Scale.   Comment box.   Dichotomous.
Q3.(1)Version2 is the most useful for researchers to conclude,because the single choice format allows the researcher to get more accurate data.
(2)Version3 is the easiest for participants to answer,because they don't have to think about which one they concern most.
Q4.(1)Because ethics make participants know about the information about the questionnaire and what these information will be used for.Which make participants to be more comfortable and truthful to complete the questionnaire.
(2) a).The research topic/aim. b).Time to complete. c).Right to anonymity/privacy d).How participants’ information will be used e).Right to withdraw/skip questions f).Informed consent
Q5.(1)Demographics.(2)income, occupation, nationality
Q6.(1)Advantages:More convenient,More data collected,More realistic
(2)Disadvantages:May get inaccurate information,Unable to make a complete statement
Q7.(1)Open questions:There're no pre-set answers to choose,participants can free to answer.
Closed questions:There're several pre-set answers for participants to choose, participants can only select answers from the options.
(2)Closed questions in questionnaire are more likely to be used in a questionnaire.Because the closed questions are more convenient, more realistic and it have a higher response rate.However, and open questions are difficult to process, more time consuming, the results are unreliable and there are many worthless answers.

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Q1. What is the difference between a questionnaire participant and a questionnaire researcher?
Participant - the person completing the questionnaire
Researcher = the person who created and / or set the
questionnaire

Q2. What are the five common question types used in
questionnaires?
Online/ComputerBased, Postal, Delivery and Collection, Telephone/ Online Interview, Structured Interview

Q3. If you were the researcher who wrote this questionnaire, which answers would be the most useful for you: version 1, 2 or 3? Why?
Version 2‘s result, participants have a specific preference, which will be the most useful for the researcher.
Which version is the easiest for the participant to answer:
version 1, 2 or 3? Why?
Version 3 is the easiest for participants to answer, most of them are multiple-choice questions, rarely short answers.

Q4.Look at the information on the next slide, taken from the beginning of the questionnaire.
1. Why is this information important?
It tells participants the purpose of this questionnaire and that there is no risk and nothing to worry about.
2. What kinds of information are included?
The subject of this questionnaire, the usage, anonymity and participants can skip questions and stop at any time.

Q5. Look at these questions from the end of the questionnaire.
1. What term is used to describe the kinds of information being asked for here?
demographics
2. What kinds of other information might be asked for here?
Income, Nationality, Level of education, Religion and Sexual orientation

Q6
Advantages  Quick to answer questions  Easy data collection
Disadvantages   Information cannot be fully collected

Q7
Open-ended questions allow for your own thinking
Closed-ended questions can only be selected from set options
Closed-ended questions are more appropriate in questionnaires, it will save time and the response rate will be higher.

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TUTOR VERSION Semester 1 Week 5 Lesson 2

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5. 1 questionnaires  TUTOR VERSION Semester 1 Week 5 Lesson 1

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Q1:The Facebook profile photos of 50 male and 50 female British teenagers.

Q2:secondary data

Q3:1.Creating subcategories 2.Creating a code 3.Recording the results 4.Comparing the results (= data analysis*)

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TUTOR VERSION Semester 1 Week 4 Lesson 2 (1)

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discourse analysis:
1. four different middle-income family dinner conversations in Sheffield
2. primary data
3. recorded conversations were transcribed;                           added notational symbols to each transcript;                      looked for language patterns and analyzed them

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TUTOR VERSION Semester 1 Week 6 Lesson 2

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TUTOR VERSION Semester 1 Week 6 Lesson 3 (1)

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Activity 1 incomplete research strategies notes

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Activity 3 Research Strategies Examples in Journal Articles (1)

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Activity 1 incomplete research strategies notes

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Activity 1 incomplete research strategies notes(1)

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Activity 1 incomplete research strategies notes(1)

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Jane

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Activity 3 Research Strategies Examples in Journal Articles (1)

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Activity 3 Research Strategies Examples in Journal Articles.docx

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Activity 3 Research Strategies Examples in Journ