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Traditional View of Language: Structural approach to language. Focuses on form/topography.

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Traditional View of Language: Structural approach to language. Focuses on form/topography.

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1. Phonemes: Individual speech sounds.

2. Morphemes: Smallest meaningful unit.

3. Syntax: How words are arranged.

4. Grammar: System of rules for language.

5. Lexicon: Words that make up a language.

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Skinnerian View of Language: Verbal behavior is the subject matter of interest and is classified by function.

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Skinnerian View of Language: Verbal behavior is the subject matter of interest and is classified by function.

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1. Verbal behavior can be speaking, signing, writing, pointing/gesturing. It is not screaming, vocal utterances, leading, self injury, or problem behavior.

2. The SPEAKER emits a verbal response.

3. The LISTENER provides relevant antecedents and consequences for the speaker.

4. The AUDIENCE is a listener trained in the verbal community.

5. A VERBAL EPISODE is the basic speaker-listener unit of verbal behavior (EO-SD-R-C).

6. Verbal Listener Behavior:

1. Responding Verbally

2. Covert Self-Talk

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Cultural selection shapes behavior due to the shared experiences of a group.

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Individual verbal behavior of a speaker is shaped through operant selection. As a result, the group might share common verbal practices, but we can find individual variations in those practices.

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Verbal behavior in which the speaker selects a stimulus and the listener responds based on the selection.

1. Based on selecting stimuli (e.g., pointing to an item, grabbing a picture, etc.). Therefore, the form of the response is not as important, so the responses can look very similar. The speaker communicates by selecting stimuli, not by making different sounds or movements.

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Verbal behavior in which each speaker response form is different, and the listener responds based on that topography.

1. The speaker communicates by making different sounds or movements. The speaker communicates by making different sounds or movements, not by selecting stimuli.

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Study with Quizlet and memorise flashcards containing terms like Communicative behavior reinforced by a member of the same verbal community, Individual who emits a verbal response, Individual who provides antecedents and consequences for a speaker’s behavior and others.

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Verbal operant under the antecedent control of an establishing operation and followed by a specific reinforcer. A mand is a verbal operant. A verbal operant must be a response that conforms to the practices of a verbal community. It is under the antecedent control of an EO for reinforcement and is reinforced by a specific form of reinforcement.

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Verbal operant evoked by a non-verbal discriminative stimulus and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement.

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Verbal operant under the control of an antecedent verbal stimulus that shares formal similarity with the response. (Duplication)

1. Echoic: Verbal operant under the control of a vocal verbal antecedent that shares formal similarity with the response. Vocal response matches the vocal antecedent. (vocal-to-vocal).

2. Mimetic: Verbal operant under the control of a signed verbal antecedent that shares formal similarity with the response. (sign-to-sign).

3. Copying Text: Verbal operant under the control of a written antecedent that shares formal similarity with the response. (written-to-written).

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Verbal operant under the control of a verbal antecedent with which it shares point-to-point correspondence but NO formal similarity.

1. Transcription (spoken-to-written)

2. Reading aloud (written-to-spoken)

3. Finger spelling words heard (spoken-to-sign)

4. Saying words finger spelled (sign-to-spoken)

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Verbal operant under the control of a verbal antecedent with which it does not share point-to-point correspondence.

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Point-to-Point Correspondence: When the beginning, middle, and end of the antecedent verbal stimulus match the same in the verbal response.

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Formal Similarity: When the verbal antecedent stimulus and the verbal response have point-to-point correspondence and share the same sense modality.

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Verbal Stimulus: A stimulus that is the result of verbal behavior.

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When a verbal response is controlled by more than one environmental variable.

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1. Pure Verbal Operants: Single controlling antecedent.

2. Multiple Control: Two or more controlling antecedents.

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1. Tact-Echoic: Non-Verbal SD + Verbal SD w/ Formal Similarity > Vocal Verbal Response.

2. Mand-Echoic: EO for SR + Verbal SD w/ Formal Similarity > Vocal Verbal Response.

3. Mand-Tact: EO for SR + Non-Verbal SD > Verbal Response.

4. Tact-Intraverbal:  Non-Verbal SD + Verbal SD > Verbal Response.

5. Mand-Tact-Intraverbal: EO for SR + Non-Verbal SD + Verbal SD > Verbal Response.

6. Mand-Codic-Intraverbal: EO for SR + Verbal SD (with P-t-P Correspondence) + Verbal SD (no P-t-P Correspondence) > Verbal Response.

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Behavior that is under the antecedent control of a mand to comply.

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Individual who emits the verbal response.

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Individual who serves as an audience and provides relevant antecedents and consequences for a speaker’s behavior.

1. Serves as an audience (non-verbal SD). Mediate reinforcement (SR+). “Understand” the speaker.

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Receptive language, receptive response, listener response, listener skills, compliance, manded compliance, manded stimulus selection, and mediator behavior.

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Behavior that is shaped through direct contact with environmental contingencies.

1. AKA; Event-Governed Behavior.

2. Learned through shaping and maintained by immediate reinforcement contingencies (direct experience).

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Behavior that is controlled by descriptions of contingencies (rules).

1. Can be learned more quickly than contingency-shaped behavior.

2. Useful when contingencies are complex/unclear.

3. Verbal description of a behavioral contingency.

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1. Behavior is the subject matter.

2. Empiricism: Directly observe and measure behavior and the environment.

3. Experimentation: make systematic manipulations and measure effects.

1. IV: Environment.

2. DV: Behavior.

4. Determinism: Philosophical assumptions that the universe is a lawful place and phenomena occur as a result of other events.

1. The universe is a lawful place.

2. Behavior is lawful.

3. Behavior occurs as a result of environmental events (contingencies) in a systematic way.

5. Environmental Explanations: focus on behavior as a function of environmental contingencies.

6. Behaviorism: Philosophy of the science of behavior that posits that behavior is the subject matter of interest and is a function of environmental contingencies.

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Natural science approach to the study of socially significant human behavior.

1. Seven Dimensions

1. Applied: Dimension of ABA that requires a focus on socially significant human behavior.

2. Behavioral: Dimension of ABA that requires a focus on behavior in its own right as a target for change.

3. Analytic: Dimension of ABA that requires demonstration of functional relations between behavior and environmental events through systematic manipulations.

4. Technological: Dimension of ABA that requires procedures to be clearly and completely described such that another individual could reproduce the application.

5. Conceptually Systematic: Dimension of ABA that requires procedures to be linked to and described in terms of the basic principles of behavior.

6. Effective: Dimension of ABA that requires behavior change.

7. Generality: Dimension of ABA that requires the effects of an intervention to maintain and spread to other situations and behaviors.

1. Maintenance: Continued effect of intervention in the absence of the intervention.

2. Stimulus Generalization: Spread of effects of training to stimuli not present during training.

3. Response Generalization: Spread of effects of reinforcement to other similar unreinforced responses. AKA “induction”.