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Contributors: Maddie S, Ava L, and Olivia G

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Contributors: Maddie S, Ava L, and Olivia G

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Before Kristallnacht: The Assassination of Ernst vom Rath

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Before Kristallnacht: The Assassination of Ernst vom Rath

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The assassination of Ernst vom Rath on November 7, 1938, instigated the Nazi Party. Vom Rath, a German embassy official living in Paris, was shot by a 17 year-old Polish Jew by the name of Herschel Grynszpan. The assassination was an act of revenge, since Grynszpan's parents were expelled along with all Polish Jews with German citizenship from Germany. The aftermath of his assassination was the assembly of Nazis in Munich to plan a night of targeted violence against the remaining Jews in Germany.  This night would come to be known as Kristallnacht.

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Reinhard Heydrich, the head of the Security Police, requested the State Police, SA members, and Hitler Youth, go to their designated districts and assume positions. These organizations took part in destroying all Jewish-owned stores throughout Germany. The outbreak of violence was described as "spontaneous" however, Josef Goebbels' propaganda influenced many people to take part and spread awareness about the upcoming violence.

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The rioters successfully destroyed hundreds of synagogues, leaving the Jewish community with nothing left. The main way these Synagogues were destroyed was by arson. The firefighters were ordered to control the fire from spreading to other buildings but allow the Synagogues to burn. The SA also arrested over 30,000 Jewish men all around Germany. These men would be transferred to concentration camps immediately

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The Aftermath                                                            November 10th, 1938

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The Aftermath                                                            November 10th, 1938

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After Kristallnacht, many powerful German leaders found fault in a decrease of extensive material, created from antisemitic riots. Non-Jewish owned businesses would have to suffer through the consequences if nothing stopped the riots. High ranking leaders took advantage of the opportunity to present different measures to get rid of Jews, and to recognize Jewish impacts from the German economic sphere. Jews were held accountable for the pogrom, and were forced a fine of one billion Reichsmark against the German Jewish community. Insurance distributions to Jews with demolished businesses or homes were taken over by the Reich government, which resulted in Jewish owners having to pay for all the restoration. The aftermath also consisted of German Jewish men being deported to many concentration camps, where most of them died. Everything was destroyed and burned, leaving no possible remains to come back for.