# data[].attributes.body
-Constitution of the People's Republic of China

- December 4, 1982

- circumstances of adoption - !!!!

# data[].attributes.body
Oligarchal authoritarianism

Total control of the Chinese Communist Party

[Politburo, Central Committee, National Party Congress]

Central Military Comission

Patrol-clientism

Decentralized to subnational governments

# data[].attributes.body
ethnic-geographic

urban-rural

# data[].attributes.body
State Council appointed by NPC

President XI Jinping

Promulgates laws, appoints or removes the Premier, Vice-Premiers, State Councillors, Ministers in charge of ministries or commissions

# data[].attributes.body
- National People's Congress

- unicameral

- can amend the Constitution, legislate and oversee the operations of the government, and elect the major officers of the NSC, SPC, SPP, CMC, and the state

# data[].attributes.body
- Supreme People's Court

- try civil, economic, administrative, complaint and appeal, and communication and transportation cases

# data[].attributes.body
- $31.227 trillion - total

- $22,100 - per capita

top industries - machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment

# data[].attributes.body
- Sino-Vietnamese War

- China vs Vietnam

- caused by Vietnam's invasion and occupation of Cambodia

- resulted in further hostility between the two countries, increased US influence in Asia (through allyship)

- China declared its punitive mission to be accomplished, but did not reach its strategic objective (getting Vietnam out of Cambodia)

# data[].attributes.body
- effects of one-child-policy

- the labor force is declining, because of decline of population of working-age demographic due to prior restrictions on births

- China has lifted the one-child policy

# data[].attributes.body
- Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran

- December 2/3, 1979

-

# data[].attributes.body
- authoritarian-leaning regime

- blended theocracy and democracy

-> theocratic elements - supreme leader, guardian council, expediency council

-> democratic elements - president, assembly of religious experts, and elected Majiles

- Juristś Guardianship - no separation of powers

# data[].attributes.body
- 90% Shia Muslim - 51% Persian

- reformers vs. conservative

- pragmatic conservatives vs. radical clerics

- woman - ¨equality with difference¨

# data[].attributes.body
- supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei; able to issue decrees for national referendums, Supreme command over and mobilize the Armed Forces, declare war/peace, veto laws passed by the parliament

- president - Masoud Pezeshkian; second in command of the executive branch

- Council of Ministers, Assembly of Experts, Expediency Council, Council of Guardians

# data[].attributes.body
Majiles

unicameral

enacts legislation

# data[].attributes.body
Supreme Court and Supreme Judicial Council

- prosecute and punish criminals

- often suppressing dissent and prosecuting dissidents

# data[].attributes.body
- $1.44 trillion - total

- $16,200 - per capita

top industries - petroleum, petrochemicals, gas, fertilizer, caustic soda, textiles

# data[].attributes.body
- Iran-Iraq War

- Iran vs. Iraq

- Iraq invaded Iran to assert dominance

- increased military tensions between the US and Iran, worsened the economy

- ended due to mutual ceasefire

# data[].attributes.body
- Political Constitution of the United Mexican States

- February 5th, 1917

# data[].attributes.body
federal presidential republic

transitional democratic

# data[].attributes.body
- 60% mestizo - 30% indigenous cleavage

- North vs South

# data[].attributes.body
- President Andrés Manuel LÓPEZ OBRADOR

- head of executive branch, state, government, and the supreme commander of the Armed Forces

# data[].attributes.body
- National Congress

- bicameral - Senate and Chamber of Deputies

- pass laws, impose taxes, declare war, approve the national budget, approve or reject treaties and conventions made with foreign countries, and ratify diplomatic appointments

# data[].attributes.body
- the Supreme Court

- judicial review, can overturn legislation it deems unconstitutional

# data[].attributes.body
- $2.873 trillion - total

- $22,400 - per capita

top industries - food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum

# data[].attributes.body
- islamic regime prevents disobedience by restricting freedom of expression

- the public has waves of protests, ex. 2022

# data[].attributes.body
- Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria

- May 29, 1999

# data[].attributes.body
- failed democracy

- has democratic components but doesn't work

- fraudulent voting

- presidential system with independent judiciary and legislature

patron-clientism

# data[].attributes.body
Mexican-American War

Mexico vs. America

caused by disputed boundary between the United States and Texas on the Nueces Strip

after added the states of California, Texas, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming to the United States

Mexico lost

# data[].attributes.body
- military is the only real national institution

- 200-450 different ethnicities

- religions -

->half Muslim - north

-> 40% Christian - south

-> 10% other religions

- disputes over sharia law in policymaking

- major divisions between elites and rural/urban

# data[].attributes.body
- 2024 water crisis

- the goverment creates water projects like dams and drinking water plants

# data[].attributes.body
- Federal Executive Council

- President Bola Ahmed Adekunle TINUBU

- Foreign policy/defense, lead Cabinet, appoints officials

# data[].attributes.body
- national assembly

- bicameral

- make laws, approve treaties, control budget

# data[].attributes.body
- Supreme Court

- Ultimate appellate, human rights oversight, judicial review

# data[].attributes.body
- $1.275 trillion - total

- $5,700 - per capita

top industries - crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins

# data[].attributes.body
- Biafra War

- Civil War - Nigeria's federal government vs secessionist state Biafra

- caused by political, ethnic, cultural and religious tensions

- effected in malnutrition o the population

- federal government won the war

# data[].attributes.body
- 2023 election fraud allegation

- INEC revised and determined legitamacy

# data[].attributes.body
- Constitution of the Russian Federation

- December 12, 1993

# data[].attributes.body
authoritarian

semi-presidential federation

# data[].attributes.body
- Eastern Orthodox

- Slavophile vs. Westernizer

# data[].attributes.body
president

Vladimir Putin

Autocracy so unofficially unlimited power

# data[].attributes.body
Federal Assembly

bicameral

make laws, budget

# data[].attributes.body
Supreme Court

Ultimate appellate, interpret laws

# data[].attributes.body
$5.816 trillion - total

$39,800 - per capita

top industries - mining, coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; machine building, defence

# data[].attributes.body
Russia v. Ukraine

Russia invaded Ukrainian territory, to return to pre-1991 borders (USSR)

effected in separating Russia from the rest of western world through sanctiones

no winner

# data[].attributes.body
economic downfall from sanctiones due to war

solve by finding non-western providers and allies

# data[].attributes.body
Magna Carta

1215

# data[].attributes.body
parliamentary constitutional monarchy

democratic

# data[].attributes.body
socio-economic classes

# data[].attributes.body
prime minister

Keir STARMER

(chief of state - King CHARLES III, but no real executive power)

leads the cabinet, appoints officials, treaties/defence

# data[].attributes.body
parliament

bicameral

make laws, approve treaties, budget

# data[].attributes.body
Supreme Court

judicial review, human rights oversight, ultimate appealate

# data[].attributes.body
$3.7 trillion - total

$54,100 - per capita

top industries - machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics

# data[].attributes.body
Iraq war

UK vs. Iraq

US and UK want to prevent Iraq from having weapons of mass destruction

UK has more involvement in anti-terror group operations (isis, intervention in libya)

UK won

# data[].attributes.body
increase in cost of living and consequent homelessness

supporting household through putting a cap on energy prices and other measures