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1. Your group will be assigned 2 events/years on this timeline to conduct further research. Your research can include primary sources, videos, and reliable websites. (Do not read just Wikipedia!)

2. Gather as much information as you can.

3. Comment: In your own words, answer the 3 questions underneath the photo. Type your responses in the comments section (look for the Comment bubble icon on the bottom right of the post).

Answer in complete sentences

Include a citation source

Be sure you are logged into your LAUSD account so your name appears (for credit)

4. After you are done, you can read other folks' comments to learn more about the history of schooling in the United States of America.

5. You must also create a small sign with the year, title of the event, and a brief summary of the event and its impact on education. You will have to SHARE OUT =]

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1849: Roberts v. City of Boston

1. What happened in the court decision of Roberts vs. Boston?

2. How is segregation in schools justified?

3. Was Roberts v City of Boston a strategy to ENFORCE racism and oppression or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression in education? or something else. Explain.

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Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) established in the U.S.

1. Why were HBCUs established? How have they changed or evolved since the 1850s?

2. How do HBCUs challenge anti-black institutions in the U.S.?

3. Are HBCU's strategies to ENFORCE racism and oppression in educationor a community response AGAINST racism and oppression? or something else. Explain.

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Carlisle Native Boarding Schools

1. What happened to Native children when they were sent to the Carlisle boarding schools?

2. What did you find most surprising about these schools?

3. Are Native Boarding Schools ways to ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression?  or something else. Explain.

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Plessy v. Ferguson

1. What did the Supreme Court decide in Plessy v. Ferguson?

2. How did Plessy v. Ferguson impact education?

3. Is Plessy v. Ferguson a strategy to ENFORCE racism and oppression or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression in education? or something else. Explain.

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Testing and Tracking

1. Who is Alfred Binet and what exactly did the test he create measure or assess?

2. How might this test be used to segregate students?

3. Were standardized tests strategies to ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression? or something else.  Explain.

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Mendez v. Westminster

1. What exactly caused the Mendez family to sue their school district?

2. What did you find most surprising about this story?

3. Was the lawsuit filed by the Mendez family a strategy to ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression? or something else.  Explain.

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Brown v. Board of Education

1. Why is this court case so important?

2. What did you find most surprising about this story?

3. Was the lawsuit of Brown vs. Board of Education a strategy to ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression?  or something else. Explain.

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1) Freedom schools is a school for young Black Mississippians who had suffered in an educational environment that treated them differently .

2)The difference between regular schools and freedom schools is that freedom schools were voluntary which means that in regular schools attendance is mandatory but not in freedom schools.And freedom school teach a whole lots of other subjects that regular schools don't teach.

3) SNCC freedom schools are a school that are against racism and oppression in education because they are a school for young black people who got mistreated and wanted to learn which also their learning strategy where different and would learn about politics, poetry,freedom songs Basic literacy and more.

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SNCC Freedom Schools

1. What exactly were the freedom schools?

2. How were they different from regular school?

3. Were SNCC Freedom Schools a strategy to ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression? or something else.  Explain.

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Black Panther 10 Point Program

1. Who were the Black Panthers?

2. What type of schools did the Black Panther want to establish?

3. Were the Black Panther's proposals around education strategies to ENFORCE racism and oppression in educationor a community response AGAINST racism and oppression? or something else.  Explain.

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East LA Walkouts

1. What did the East LA walkouts accomplish?

2. What did you find the most surprising about this event?

3. Were the East LA Walkouts a strategy to ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression?  or something else. Explain.

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Title IX

1. Which student population is centered in this law?

2. What are recent examples of Title IX being challenged or violated?

3. Was Title IX an effort ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression? or something else. Explain.

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1. Why was the Boston Desegration Busing program established? (https://bostonresearchcenter.org/projects_files/eob/single-entry-busing.html)

2. Why were some communities against this type of program?

3. Was the Boston Busing Crisis an effort ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression? or something else. Explain.

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Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA)

1. Which student population is centered in this law?

2. How has this law changed since 1975? What are some of its accomplishments?

3. Was EHA an effort ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression? or something else. Explain.

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Mexican American Studies in TUSD

1. What impact did the Mexican American Studies program have on students in Tucson Unified School District of Arizona?

2. What major challenge did they face in 2010? What happened then and has anything changed since then?

3. Was Mexican American Studies in TUSD an effort ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression? or something else. Explain.

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No Child Left Behind (NCLB)

1. What did "No Child Left Behind" do?

2. In your opinion, what is the best way to measure student learning?

3. Was NCLB an effort ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression? or something else. Explain.

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Six Pilot Schools open in LAUSD (RFK)

1. What is the purpose of community schools?

2. Why did LAUSD teachers, UTLA, families, and communities fight to create community schools?

3. Are Community Schools an effort ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression? or something else. Explain.

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Crisis Distance Learning ("online learning")

1. What impact did "online learning" have on young people?

2. How did young people deal with schooling/academics during this challenging time of the COVID Pandemic?

3. Was Crisis Distance Learning an effort ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression? or something else. Explain.

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1. Abrupt shifts to remote learning over the past two school years have affected students, negatively impacting their social, emotional, and mental well-being and academic achievement. They have also exacerbated racial, socioeconomic, and other educational inequities.

2. As we outline in our new research study released in January, the cumulative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students’ academic achievement has been large. We tracked changes in math and reading test scores across the first two years of the pandemic using data from 5.4 million U.S. students in grades 3-8. We focused on test scores from immediately before the pandemic (fall 2019), following the initial onset (fall 2020), and more than one year into pandemic disruptions (fall 2021).https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-pandemic-has-had-devastating-impacts-on-learning-what-will-it-take-to-help-students-catch-up/

3. The assumptions that undergird this debate miss an important reality: educational outcomes for minority children are much more a function of their unequal access to key educational resources, including skilled teachers and quality curriculum, than they are a function of race. In fact, the U.S. educational system is one of the most unequal in the industrialized world, and students routinely receive dramatically different learning opportunities based on their social status. In contrast to European and Asian nations that fund schools centrally and equally, the wealthiest 10 percent of U.S. school districts spend nearly 10 times more than the poorest 10 percent, and spending ratios of 3 to 1 are common within states. Despite stark differences in funding, teacher quality, curriculum, and class sizes, the prevailing view is that if students do not achieve, it is their own fault. If we are ever to get beyond the problem of the color line, we must confront and address these inequalities.

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Florida Laws: Stop the Wrongs to Our Kids and Employees (W.O.K.E.) Act

1. What is the Stop W.O.K.E. Act and what does it do?

2. What is the problem this law claims to be responding to?

3. Was the Stop W.O.K.E. Law an effort ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression? or something else. Explain.

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1.The Stop WOKE Act, also known as the Stop Wrongs to Our Kids and Employees Act is a Florida state law which prohibited schools and businesses from teaching certain concepts related to race, racism, and privilege

2.This law t was intended to prevent teachings or mandatory workplace activities that suggest a person is privileged or oppressed based on their race, color, sex or national origin.

3. The woke act was deiscriminating towards the black community because this act preventing students from learning some certain history that was really important to many races.

https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/29/us/florida-ron-desantis-stop-woke-act-part-overturned/index.html

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Florida Parental Rights in Education Act or "Don't Say Gay" Law

1. What is the Don't Say Gay Law and what does it do?

2. What is the problem this law claims to be responding to?

3. Was the Don't Say Gay Law an effort ENFORCE racism and oppression in education or a community response AGAINST racism and oppression? or something else. Explain.