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the crown prosecution service

(an independent prosecution service)
• assess the evidence submitted and decide to prosecute
• decision are based on applying the full code test.
• Decide what the charges should be.
• Prepares and presents the prosecution in court

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Parliament – passing statutes and legislation.
Judges – through precedent and interpretation.
Administration is conducted by the Ministry of Justice and The Home Office, which are two government agencies

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The Crown Prosecution service

• Magistrates. Deal with less serious.

• Crown Court – Deal with serious offences

• the plea, bail and legal aid are decided.

• Evidence is heard in court before a jury or the magistrates.

• Verdict is decided.

• The Judge or Magistrates will hand down custodial or community sentences, fine or discharge.

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carries out the sentences given to offenders by the courts.
supervises offenders in custody.

The National Probation Service supervises offenders who are serving their sentences in the community, including prisoners who have been released on license. All those who have served up to 2 years in prison must have at least 12 months supervision by probation.

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The Police are responsible for enforcing the criminal
law.
• They collect evidence, Investigate crime, Arrest and question suspects.
• Send files to the CPS

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ministry of justice were funded 10.1 billion British pounds in 2022/23 they are a government department at the heart of the justice system

home office statistics produce and publish timely, accurate and objective statistics in the form of commentary, tables and data on migration and borders, public safety, and homeland security.

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in the year ending june 2023, the crime rates were higher than average crime rates across similiar areas, with 145.88 police recorded crimes per 1,000, which is in the upper bound of crime rates

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talk to offender calmly of what is expected of them

instead of probation, officers can send them back to court for re-trial in case of refusal to comply

aim to help offenders understand

talk through consequences of their actions and different ways of behaving

breach of parol = sent back to court for retrial

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In 2019-2021 only 52 bills received royal assent

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the CPS: they will have to follow these laws and standards of punishment regarding it.

the police: enforce authority of offenders is they break these laws.

HM Prisons and Probation: offenders can be sent to prison or probation is caught breaking these laws.

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the CPS: providing evidence for the prosecution of offenders; charging offenders in line with CPS instructions.

the HM Courts: providing evidence for the prosecution witnesses; providing protection for vulnerable witnesses; holding defendants in police cells and transporting them to and from court

HM Prisons and Probation services; police will arrest prisoners who have been recalled to prison for breaching the terms of their license. As a result of Sarah's Law, the police also cooperate with the prison and probation services in managing the list of sex offenders living in their area.

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the courts: preparing and presenting the prosecution case against offenders; preparing appeals against unduly lenient sentences.

the police: advising on possible lines of enquiry and evidence collection to build a case; instructing them on charging suspects.

HM Prisons and Probation: offenders can be sent back to court by Prisons or from Probation for a retrial if they do not comply; resentencing; request bail

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the courts: supervising the efficient running of the courts system; funding the individual courts

HM Prison Service: holding prisoners attending court, pending their transfer/return to prison; arranging video recordings and live links for prisoners giving evidence from prison.

the police: evidence will be provided by the police where it will be given as evidence if it passes the evidential test within the full code test

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the courts: carrying out the custodial sentences that the court has imposed on offenders; supervising defendants who have been remanded into custody (refused bail) by the court; facilitating visits from defense lawyers to their clients in prison

the police: facilitating interviews with prisoners involved in ongoing police investigations.

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There are 43 police forces in England and Wales

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There are 43 police forces in England and Wales

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Evidence must pass the Full Code Test before it can be used in court. The Full Code Test consists of two parts: the evidential test, the public interest test

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Magistrates deal with 95% of all cases in England and Wales

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Magistrates deal with 95% of all cases in England and Wales

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aim to reduce reoffending rates by talking through the consequences with offenders.

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aim to reduce reoffending rates by talking through the consequences with offenders.

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THE PRISON SERVICE HAS A RELATIONSHIP WITH MANY OTHER AGENCIES
IN THE CJS . ONE OF THESE IS THE POLICE , AS PRISONS HOLD PEOPLE
WHO HAVE BEEN REMANDED INTO CUSTODY AND DENIED BAIL BY THE
POLICE AND THE COURTS . THE CPS LIAISE WITH PRISONS TO REQUEST A
PRISONER'S APPEARANCE IN COURT OR OVER VIDEO LINK . THE JUDICIARY
ARE THE ONES THAT SEND PEOPLE TO PRISON AND KEEP PRISON AS A
SENTENCING OPTION . PROBATION SERVICES HAVE A RELATIONSHIP , AS IF
A PERSON FAILS TO KEEP THEIR CONDITIONS , E.G. NOT TURNING UP FOR
APPOINTMENTS , THE PERSON MAY BE SENT TO PRISON TO SERVE THE
REMAINDER OF THEIR SENTENCE . THE GOVERNMENT CREATES
LEGISLATION REGARDING PRISONS AND OFTEN INSPECTS THEM
ENSURING ALL RIGHTS ETC. ARE MAINTAINED .

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HM Prisons and Probation Services have a relationship with many other agencies in the CJS. One of these is the police, as they will arrest offenders who have been recalled to prison for breaching the terms of their parole. Also, the prisons will remand offenders into custody when denied bail by the police and HM courts. As a result of Sarah's Law, the police also cooperate with the prison and probation services in managing the list of sex offenders living in their area.