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Earthy materials.

Massive wood components.

Enclosed courtyards.

-Some pueblos were very large with more than 100 rooms

-buildings can be up to five stories tall

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 Middle Archaic period, about 4,000 years ago

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An adjustable flap was left open at the top to allow smoke to escape

flap at the bottom served as a doorway.

were usually 12 to 20 feet

-For Native Americans, teepees were the ideal dwellings to fit their nomadic lifestyle

-generally made by stretching a cover sewn of dressed buffalo skins over a framework of wooden poles

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symmetrical about a centerline along their length

The end compartments were usually used for storage

smoke holes in the roof

-longhouses were built of wooden poles and stakes that were tied together with leather strips.

-they housed as many as 100 people

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made of wooden frames which are covered with woven mats and sheets of birch bark

The frame can be shaped like a dome, like a cone, or like a rectangle with an arched roof

ropes or strips of wood are wrapped around the wigwam to hold the bark in place

-The word wigwam means ''house'' in several Algonquian languages

-Wigwams usually take longer to put up than tipis.

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One or one-and-a-half stories.

Rectangular floor plan.

Shingle cladding.

-Most houses were small, usually 1,000–2,000 square feet

-The original homes consisted of two rooms, a hall, and a parlor

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symmetrical design

steep roofs with flared eaves (roofs with two slopes on each side)

often includes dormer windows

-The origin of the gambrel roof form in North America is unknown

-A gambrel roof has two slopes on each side, with the lower slope being steeper than the upper one

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two stories with the second story overhanging in the front.

The traditional ornamentation is four carved drops (pineapple, strawberry or acorn shape) below the overhang

have multi-pane double hung windows some highlighted by decorative shutters

-buildings constructed by English settlers to protect them from attacks by their enemies

-The separate corner posts on each floor make it possible to use shorter, stronger posts

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frame houses with two stories in front and one in back

short and high in front and long and low in back

symmetrical brick chimney

-It is a Colonial style of architecture which originated in New England.

-American saltbox houses were named after commonly used wooden salt containers from the colonial period

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symmetrical design

steep roofs

high ceilings

-The architecture was inspired by the stylings of Versailles during the reign of King Louis XIV

-Many French country homes are defined by stone, brick, or stucco exteriors

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built homes with wooden clapboard siding and constructed on flat land

porches that also functioned as outdoor storage

were often located next to lakes or rivers

-The owners would most likely have built the homes themselves, rather than hiring an architect to do the job

-The farmhouse can be dated back to the expansive fields of Scandinavia and Germany in Europe

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pointed arch, used for windows, doors

decorative elements like porches, dormers, or roof gable

steeply pitched roofs

-Gothic architecture flourished and became popular in Europe during the Late Middle Ages

-A great example of this is the Notre-Dame Cathedral.

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Overhanging eaves with substantial brackets

They are typically supported with substantial, decorative brackets.

Symmetrical Design

-Italianates have a plain shape and are usually two or three stories tall.

-rom the late 1840s to 1890 it achieved huge popularity in the United States, where it was promoted by the architect Alexander Jackson Davis.

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Bay windows

often asymmetrical

Stained glass

-The houses were cheap, most had between two and four rooms

-Usually decorated with elaborate wood or metal trim

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tall

narrow windows

often in multiple groups and with multiple-pane glazing

-There were sturdy oak benches and stools to sit on

- Most Tudor houses would not have had a toilet

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asymmetry

low-pitched roofs

rounded entries

-gained widespread popularity throughout Southern California after the 1915 Panama-California Exposition in San Diego

-The style was an attempt to create a “native” California architectural style that drew upon and romanticized the state's colonial past

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Horizontal Lines

Flat chimneys

natural materials

-Similar to the Arts and Crafts movement, Prairie-style homes incorporated a lot of hand-wrought woodwork and art glass

-Windows served as art, and a lot of furniture was made in place

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One or two stories in height.

Overhanging eaves with exposed rafters or braces.

Front facing gables.

-the British first built bungalows in India in the mid-19th century.

-inspired by the English Arts and Crafts movement which brought a renewed interest in hand crafted materials and harmony with the natural environment.

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Roofs are flat

Framed glass

grid-like repetition take the place of ornament and even texture.

-The most common characteristics of International Style buildings are rectilinear forms

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Smooth wall surface.

Sharp edged, linear appearance.

Stylized decorative elements using geometrical forms, zigzags, chevrons.

-Art Deco is somewhat of a catch-all term for a variety of sub-styles that emerged in the early 20th century, Robins explains

-Art Deco developed first in France

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Single story.

Open concept floorplan.

Rectangular, “U”, or “L”-shaped.

-The name “ranch house” comes directly from the ranch, as it were

-Ranch-style homes often feature open floor plans, perfect for family gatherings or entertaining guests

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Low Pitched Roof

Attached Garages

More Affordable

-Split-level homes inherently offer a sense of zoning and privacy

-Developed in the 1930s, it emerged in the 1950s as a multi-story counterpart to the dominant one-story Ranch house.

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Traditional layout

Side hallways

Lack of lawn.

-Row houses are generally two or three stories high, though they can have up to five stories, and are usually no wider than 12' to 25

-Row houses commonly hold one or two families, but larger row houses can be reworked into several apartments or condos.

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Minimalism

Large Windows

Floor-to-Ceiling Windows

-A midcentury modern house plan is characterized by a very wide, low footprint with large, open spaces, floor-to-ceiling windows, and an emphasis on bringing the outdoors in.

-Mid-Century Modern architecture emerged roughly between the 1930s and 1960s, flourishing in the aftermath of World War II

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Energy efficiency

Solar panels

Recycled Materials

-A sustainable home is one that is built or retrofitted in a way that conserves resources, optimizes energy and water use and that will last longer with quality systems.

-A sustainable house is built with low-impact, high-performance materials

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Smart Lighting Installation.

AI-controlled Entertainment Systems.

Smart Home Appliances.

-Smart homes are those in which things like heating and air conditioning, security, lighting, blinds, entertainment equipment, and so forth are automated and operated via a central control system known as a 'hub' or a 'gateway'

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natural light

a loft

Storage

-They are inexpensive to build.

-They are inexpensive to maintain.