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Positive Classroom culture in an HBL environment is just as important as physical classroom.

1. Students should feel safe --> No cyberbullying & able to make mistakes without judgement.

2. Students are heard --> Balancing positive interactions with lessons is vital to the emotional well-being.

3. Netiquette -->

Students and teachers are aware of the proper etiquette and respectfully partake in turn-taking.

Without positive classroom culture, DI is ineffective. Achieved when:

1. Students needs are met

2. Students are comfortable and respected for their different abilities

3. Students are not 'abandoned'

1. Every student wants and can learn

4. Students don't feel 'less' or 'more' than the others in terms of knowledge and abilities.

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Positive Classroom culture in an HBL environment:

Giving every student a voice, letting them know that they are also part of the class. There may be students who are extra quiet and we want to make sure that EVERY student is interested and engaged. Especially when it is online, we have to make sure to retain students' attention.

Expectations should be set to ensure a productive and conducive learning environment. Make sure that students are aware of what not to do online.

For DI to succeed:

All students must learn to interact well with one another because everyone is different.

Teachers must understand their students very well to be able to meet their specific needs.

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We can prompt ourselves with reflection questions whenever a student misbehaves.

1. When does this behaviour happen and when does it not?

2. What happens before and after the behaviour?

3. Are there any factors that leads to the behaviour outside of the student’s control or within?

4. What alternative behaviour would be more acceptable instead?

5. Is my intervention fair, reasonable, effective and timely?

6. Do my students understand the rationale behind my intervention?

When helping students with defiance disorders, we have to offer them choices, safe spaces and positive reinforcement.

It is important to establish a positive class room culture in both physical classrooms and in an HBL environment.

Setting expectations and routines is essential.

A safe and non-judgmental learning environment is required.

Establishing good rapport with students is important.

Students should feel empowered to be active learners.

DI promotes deeper engagement between students and us, teachers as we cater to their different learning needs and styles.

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Importance of establishing a positive classroom culture in an HBL environment because of:

- Less direct reach and connection with the students as it’s over a screen and virtual meeting platform

- Potential issues involving cyber wellness like cyber bullying, netiquette, accessing of inappropriate online media/resources etc.

to ensure:

- Effective engagement of students

- Smooth execution of lesson during the synchronous/asynchronous session and follow-up activities to assess learning post lesson

For DI to succeed in a HBL environment:

- Flexible groupings for breakout discussions that allow students opportunity to work with a variety of peers according to their readiness, interests and learning preferences

- Fostering a culture of care, respect and empathy for each other, e.g., agree to disagree, what’s discussed here stays in the circle etc.

- Varied forms of activities during and post lesson to allow for different abilities to respond at their own pace and appropriate level

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Establishing a positive classroom culture is essential in an HBL environment if you want to have fruitful and meaningful interaction with your students.

You need students to be comfortable with opening up, voicing out, and actively participating in your lessons, so that you can track their learning progress and adjust strategies accordingly to best facilitate their learning.

Differentiated instruction would just be an enormous white elephant in the room if all of your students are just looking blankly at the screen.

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(A) Establishing positive classroom culture in an HBL environment:

1. Despite the absence of face-to-face interactions in a HBL environment, we want our students to feel valued and supported while learning.

2. Clear rules and expectations will help to maintain a positive learning environment. Teacher could model proper use of technology to reinforce behaviour expectations.

(B) Establishing positive classroom culture for DI to succeed:

1. Creating a safe environment where students feel comfortable expressing themselves so that students can be confident and vulnerable without negative consequences.

2. Students can learn from each other by working together.

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Positive Classroom Culture in a HBL Environment:

-          Setting clear expectations and norms for online behaviour to create a safe online environment.

-          Designing engaging and interactive learning experiences that empower students to keep them engaged.

Positive Classroom Culture & DI:

-          Understanding students well, beyond their academic strength, such as how they interact with each other in class to effectively group students such that every one feels safe and comfortable.

-         Setting rules and expectations to guide students to respect others’ views and opinions.

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Importance of establishing a positive classroom culture in an HBL environment:

Making sure that every student is heard

Ensuring that learning is not compromised by a lack of physical presence and a change in environment

Demonstrates to students the right netiquette that can be applied outside of class

For DI:

Helps students engage with learning meaningfully

Adaptable to each student's learning abilities, preferences and needs --> Reinforces to student that your class is a safe environment for learning and self-exploration to take place

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Importance of PCC in HBL:

1. Ensure students have the necessary ICT tools required (Physiological needs)

Check that they have the laptops / computers at home to access HBL sites (SLS, etc)

Have required homework (paper as alternative if doesn’t have access to ICT)

2. Students feel safe (Safety)

Students should be in a safe environment even at home

Set rules and expectations to prevent cyberbullying

3. Students’ voice to be heard

Give chance to share their opinions

Be patient to give slower students time to process before answering

Students must respect each other by turn-taking

For DI to succeed, we need to know our students’ strengths and weaknesses, meaning we need to get to know them through interaction. In the process, we will build stronger TSR and have better rapport with them. Students will be empowered and motivated to learn at their own pace.

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(1) Why is establishing a positive classroom culture in an HBL environment important?
- Trust: Students need to feel safe in the HBL environment for learning to take place. Teacher can set up classroom rules against cyber bullying or using hurtful words on fellow students, so that everyone can contribute without fear of being ridiculed.
- Reinforce Positive Behaviours: Teacher can praise the student or give him a virtual “Hi-Five” to compliment him for being on task, or for helping another student, to positively motivate him as a teacher normally would in a physical classroom setting. This would reinforce the student’s behaviour and motivate him to continue being helpful or being on task.
(2) How can DI succeed?
- For DI to work, the teacher must first understand the diversity of the class. If he knows the profile of the students based on their strengths and learning styles, he can vary his instructions to each group, and they can in turn, have more meaningful discussions amongst their breakout groups, in the HBL environment.
- The teacher must also ensure that the students are respectful of one another’s viewpoints, so that everyone and speak freely.

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Importance of positive classroom culture in HBL context:

-          Motivates students to want to be with their class and their teacher online

-          Encourages students to bring positive culture from their experiences in class to the HBL environment

Importance of positive classroom culture for Di to succeed:

-          It allows for teachers to be more attentive and care for each individual student’s needs, so as to deliver the appropriate form of DI

-          It allows for the students who require DI to have more rapport with the teacher, and follow the teacher’s lead and accepting the DI

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Establishing positive classroom culture in a HBL environment:

Set clear rules and routines for online behaviours. This would help to create a safer, more positive and conducive learning environment for the students.

Have a clear plan of the sequence of instructions and learning activities. This allows for teacher-student relationships (TSR) and student-student relationships.

Establishing positive classroom culture for DI to succeed:

As teachers, we need to be able to interact with our students by building rapport and deepening TSR with them.

Teachers can also help students get motivated and engage meaningfully with what they are learning.

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1. Positive classroom culture in a HBL environment

Ensure that engagement is taking place. While children may be prone to distractions at home, it is important for them to be fully immersed in their learning

Expectations need to be set in an online setting. i.e Taking turns to speak/switching on their videos/

Social and emotional relationships need to be maintained. As there is a lack of social interaction, children may feel lonely. There is a need to teachers to maintain TSR with students.

2. Establishing positive classroom culture for DI to succeed.

Just like a regular classroom, teachers need to understand the profile of his/her learners.

Grouping according to ability within the classroom can take place in break-out rooms.

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Importance of establishing a positive classroom culture in an HBL environment

1. to avoid potential issues involving cyberwellness such as cyber bullying, accessing of inappropriate online media/resources and etc

2. similar to physical classroom environment, we want to make the learning environment for students a conducive and and safe one so that they can learn and grow

Establishing positive classroom culture for DI to succeed

1. engage students in meaningful learning suited to their needs

2. teachers would need to know their students' interest, strengths and weaknesses (profile) very well

3. Proper planning has to be done before the lesson

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Establishing positive classroom culture in an HBL environment:

A good structure needs to be in place so that students are aware of the expectations of the lesson.

Students need to be kept engaged (Either through questioning, participation, etc.)

Learning needs to be monitored to ensure understanding of the topic being taught.

Clear instructions should be given at the end, preferably visually and verbally, on any deadlines or homework that they need to get done, and what to prepare for the next lesson.

For DI to succeed:

A positive classroom culture where their social emotional needs are supported is essential.

Learning opportunities should be varied and has to cater to their readiness, interest and learning needs.

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1. Importance of establishing a positive classroom culture in an HBL environment.

Virtual learning spaces also need to meet the students’ basic psychological needs for safety, competence, autonomy, and relatedness.

Similar to being in a classroom, setting clear expectations and rules for online behaviours may help to ensure a smooth online lesson.

When students are empowered learners, there may be higher engagement from them during HBL.

2. Importance of establishing a positive classroom culture for DI to succeed

Fostering positive peer relationships is an important aspect for DI to succeed as having a culture of care and mutual respect can ensure that students are build a willingness to help one another learn.

By setting expectations and routines and adapting these according to the different learner’s needs, it allows us to engage our students in learning that is meaningful to them individually. For example, interest corners can be used as a form of differentiated product for students to demonstrate their learning.