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established group of people in an area. complex society. cultural and social development

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countries trade with other countries to gain wealth. amass valuable resources in the country and try to trade it. increase exports=increase wealth

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Transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World of Europe and new continents like the americas and africa

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someone is a servant by contract and works for a few years without pay sometimes done to pay back a debt

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commonly known slavery. people are owned as property and perform tasks against will. no freedom.

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english protests that demanded that the church of england get rid of roman catholic practices

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a country pays for imports from another country and then exports those imported goods to another country

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spanish explorers were able to force native chiefs into doing labour

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Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

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New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

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Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut

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a British-produced boundary marked in the Appalachian Mountains at the Eastern Continental Divide. Marked a boundary of land that colonist could not have, upsetting many of them.

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Americans who supported rebels,controlled the countryside

Predominantly rural in residency and orientation. pushed back on english rule

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Troys also known as loyalists were those colonials who were loyal to the King of England.

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Provided equal representation to all states with one vote in Congress. The national government was made weak to prevent tyranny. Did not work!

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Supporters of the proposed Constitution, who called for a strong national government

• Pointed to the problems under the Articles of Confederation

• George Washington, Benjamin Franklin

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Opposed to the proposed Constitution, who called for stronger

state governments

• Played on the fears that a change in government would bring

• Mistrusted powerful elites; mostly rural backgrounds

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the enlightenment was a new era of thinking that introduced the ideas of natural rights and what a government should look like and the extent of its power.

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A rejected plan that tried to make the colonies have amore unified central government

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The Northwest Ordinance created a government for the Northwest Territory and outlined a process for admitting new states to the union.

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A failed threat by leaders of the Continental Army in March 1783, at the end of the American Revolutionary War

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Representation based on population of state, shaped the outline for house of representatives and the senate

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An agreement to count slaves as three-fifths of a person in calculating a state’s representation

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British failed to enforce parliamentary rules and laws on the American colonies and trade, resulting in the colonies having more independence

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an organization of people with similar opinions/goals. They have candidates that run in a country's elections.

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supreme court case that established the power of judicial review

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a movement that promoted abstinence from consuming alcohol.

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movement to end slavery and liberate enslaved people. helped to end the transatlantic slave trade and chattel slavery.

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movement in the 1960s that sought equal rights and opportunities for women in america.

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a machine that separates cotton from the steams quickly and helps to keep it clean instead of hand picking it which is less effective

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heat engine that uses steam as a working liquid. often used in factories

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producing goods through manufacturing using machinery and division of labor. child labor was often used.

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canals were used in the industrial revolution to help transport a greater volume of goods that were heavy

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U.S policy towards the western hemisphere stating that America would not tolerate any attempts of colonization from the europeans.

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The political party that supports social and economic equality for all americans regardless of age, race or sex

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a conservative political party that existed in the United States during the mid-19th century. opposed Jackson's strong-armed leadership style and policies. Wanted a strong central government

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a device for converting messages into electric impulses that traveled instantaneously by wire to distant receivers, where they were converted back into readable text.

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identical components that can be substituted one for another. allowed for non skilled working in the factories

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forcing men to serve in the military against their will

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mexican territories are slave territories even though some of them are above the missouri compromise line.california wants to come in as a free state, so the north gets california as a free state and the slavery faction gets the fugitive slave act

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congress decides that the states will decide if they are a free state or not through voting, nebraska comes in free and kansas comes in as a slave state

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the leaders of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, this is through voting and participation in government

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required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state

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dividing the country up by regions

North-industrial, anti slavery

South-agriculture, pro slavery

Midwest- free, growing agriculture

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the withdrawal of eleven southern states from the Union in 1860, leading to the Civil War.

-withdrawing formally

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the American Republic.

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-South repeals from union and creates the confederacy

-11 states that seceded from the United States in 1860 following the election of President Abraham Lincoln. Led by Jefferson Davis and existing from 1861 to 1865

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ends slavery

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officially recognizes black men as citizens with rights

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extended voting rights to all men

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an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

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One of the four industry titans

-tried to monopolize railroads

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-one of the four industry titans

tried to monopolize steel

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one of the four industry titans

-tried to monopolize oil production

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one of the four industry titans

-tried to monopolize banking

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wealthy people who mainly controlled the industry and how the economy functioned at the time

Cornelius vanderbilt-railways

Rockefeller-oil production

Andrew Carnegie-steel

Pierpont Morgan-banking

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successful industrialists whose business practices were often considered ruthless or unethical.

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teams of individuals coming together to guarantee like decent wages, affordable health care, job security, safe and respectful workplaces, and fair scheduling.

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The movement of a person or people from one country, locality, place of residence, etc., to settle in another

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the period from about the 1870s to the late 1890s, burst of industrial activity and corporate growth

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industrialization labor immigration fashion america urbanization new york monopoly rich political

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survival of the fittest

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Carnegie argued that extremely wealthy Americans like himself had a responsibility to spend their money in order to benefit the greater good

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Journalist start to focus and exaggerate bad things that are happening to sell newspapers

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women's rights movement that lobbied for the right to vote.

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the ban of alcohol in the 1920's

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a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.

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when a country extends its power into other territories for economic or political gain

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-published The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783,

-naval officer and historian, whom John Keegan called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century

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It called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity.

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the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

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identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.

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The League of Nations was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace

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a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919. As the most important treaty of World War I, it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allied Powers

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the movement of some six million African Americans from rural areas of the Southern states of the United States to urban areas in the Northern states between 1916 and 1970

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urged Mexico to join Germany in declaring war against the United States. In exchange, Germany committed to assist Mexico in regaining its lost territories of Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico.

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involves borrowing money from a broker to purchase stock. A margin account increases purchasing power and allows investors to use someone else's money to increase financial leverage.

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taxes imposed by one country on goods or services imported from another country.

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relief for the unemployed and for the poor, recovery of the economy back to normal levels, and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression.

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military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against the Empire of Japan during World War II. The key idea was to bypass heavily fortified enemy islands instead of trying to capture every island in sequence en route to a final target

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The Holocaust was the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by Nazi

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Worldwide or global organizations – generally open to nations worldwide as long as certain criteria are met

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The United Nations is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security,

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unified rules and policies that provided the framework necessary to create fixed international currency exchange rates

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a group of 32 countries from Europe and North America that exists to protect the people and territory of its members

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metaphor used to describe the political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas

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a collective defence treaty established by the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe

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a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II

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The domino theory is a geopolitical theory which posits that changes in the political structure of one country tend to spread to neighboring countries in a domino effect.

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each superpower had enough nuclear weaponry to destroy the other. If one superpower attempted a first strike on the other, they themselves would also be destroyed.

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he United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians

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a bomb or missile that uses nuclear energy to cause an explosion.

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The main goal was the total elimination of poverty and racial injustice. New major federal programs that addressed civil rights, education, medical care, urban problems, rural poverty, and transportation

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U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality

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refers to the economic policies of President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s, emphasizing tax cuts, reduced government regulation, and a belief that stimulating economic growth among the wealthy would benefit the entire economy.

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individuals or policies advocating for social and economic equality, government intervention in the economy, and progressive social values.

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individuals or policies favoring limited government intervention, traditional values, and a free-market approach to economic issues.

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a political movement in the 1980s, led by religious conservatives, advocating for socially conservative policies and seeking to influence American politics based on moral and religious principles.

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an economic theory asserting that benefits provided to the wealthy and businesses will eventually "trickle down" to the rest of the population through job creation and economic growth

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actions by a central bank to control the money supply and interest rates, influencing economic activity by managing inflation, employment, and overall economic stability

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the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, economies, and cultures through international trade, communication, and cultural exchange