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I learned that the skin was made up of multiple layers. Also, the ascending degrees of burns were categorized by how deeply they penetrate the skin layers.

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I learned the names and locations of bones that I had either never heard of or had heard of but didn't know the location of. In particular, I had no idea each vertebrae of the spine was named.

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I learned that our bodies are made of many, many, many muscles. I knew of particular ones such as the lats, deltoids, biceps, triceps, quads, hamstrings, and a few more but there are many more that I learned of in this chapter. Muscles that move our fingers, toes, eyes, and many that contribute to our facial expressions.

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I learned that some areas of our body aren't as dense in nerve endings as I thought. Fingertips have more nerve endings relative to the bottom of our arms. Also, some pain can be felt in other areas of the body due to nerves converging. For example, sometimes heart pain can be felt in the shoulder.

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I learned that there was liquid inside the eyeball. It's used in light refraction and keeping the shape of the eyeball.

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The integumentary system interacts with the circulatory system through blood. The skin itself is a major blood reservoir. The skin keeps blood within your body as well as repairs areas of blood loss. The skin is also responsible for blood temperature regulation due to its ability to perform vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

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The skeletal system interacts with the muscular system to help provide movement and support. Bones are the frame of our bodies. Without them, our bodies would not have anything to attach to that would give it shape. Specifically, muscles attach to bones through tendons, so when muscles move through contraction, bones are also moved.

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The muscular system works the digestive system through peristalsis. All the way from the throat to the intestines, there are muscles pushing food throughout it. Muscles move the jaw to chew food, guide it to the throat, and swallow. Then, there are muscles in the stomach that help mix food with digestive juices to break it all down. After that muscles move it through the intestines.

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Interaction with the Integumentary System

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Interaction with the Integumentary System

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The integumentary system and nervous system are constantly interacting with each other. The skin holds many nerve receptors that allow for information to be sent to the central nervous system. Information such as pain and temperature change are examples of what can be felt. After the information is transferred, information can be returned in order to respond, such as regulation of blood flow and body temperature.

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Each one of our senses interacts with the nervous system. All of them send information to the nervous system that is then interpreted according to the specific sense. One example is our sense of taste, it will send information determining if what we are eating tastes good or bad. Another example is our ears, which send signals to nerves that process sound.

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Protects from pathogens gaining easy access to our bodies as well as trauma

Helps regulate our body temperature

Hairs help with perceiving sensory input, warmth, and signalling maturity

Prevents excess water absorption or loss

Protects from UV rays

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Acts as the body's frame and gives it a defining shape

Attaches to muscles which then allow for movement

Stores minerals, especially calcium

Provides protection for internal organs

Blood cells are formed in bone marrow

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Muscles are the driving force for movement

Many muscles actually work to prevent movement so that our bodies do not slump or fall over

Openings in the body such as our eyes and mouth are controlled by muscles

Muscles are vital in generating body heat

When muscles have been worked, they excrete hormones that stimulate glucose synthesis and burn body fat

The system works to regulate blood glucose level by storing and using glucose

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Sensory neurons are responsible for detecting information and transmitting it to the central nervous system to be interpreted

Once information is interpreted, a response is then sent back through the nervous system depending on the what the stimulus was

Sends signals to muscles, telling them to act

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Our eyes are responsible for giving us sight

Ears allows us to hear and stay balanced

All over our body we can feel sensation, but primarily in the hands and feet are where touch is most defined

Our nose detects smells that can make us feel good or detect danger

Our tongue is responsible for our sense of taste, which lets us know when something is good or bad for us

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Eczema is a chronic skin condition that can appear as early as infancy. It is characterized by inflammation in the skin as well as dryness and itchiness. Eczema can affect anyone of any age. It can be treated with moisturizers and medication.

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Osteomyelitis is caused by a bacterial infection which then causes bone inflammation and pain. It can occur to anyone. Symptoms can include bone pain, swelling, fever, and tenderness. Treatment is usually done through antibiotics but can sometimes require surgery.

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Myasthenia Gravis is a chronic disorder where the immune system attacks the neuromuscular junction, causing muscles to fatigue and weaken. This most commonly affects facial muscles, making eye movement, facial expressions, swallowing, and even breathing difficult. The result is often seen as facial drooping. It is usually seen in women younger than 40 and men older than 60. Treatments can help but cannot cure, usually done through medications, surgery, and therapy.

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Guillain-Barré Syndrome - Neurological Disorder

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Guillain-Barré Syndrome - Neurological Disorder

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Guillain-Barré Syndrome is a disorder affecting the nervous system where the immune system mistakenly attacks the nerves. This can result in weakness, numbness, and finally paralysis. It is usually seen in adults and more common with older ages. Immunotherapy is the main treatment, but will still result in long hospital stays.

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Otitis media is a middle ear infection. It results in pressure and pain due to fluid and mucus buildup in the middle ear. It is a very common childhood disease. Pain relief medication is the most common treatment. Occasionally antibiotics and ear tubes may be used as well.

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The Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions

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Visible Body | The 5 Senses - Sight, Sound, Smell, Touch, and Taste