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January 30, 1933: Hitler Appointed Chancellor of Germany

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January 30, 1933: Hitler Appointed Chancellor of Germany

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Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg. This marks the beginning of the Nazi regime and sets the stage for what would become the Holocaust.

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The German Parliament passes the Enabling Act, giving Hitler dictatorial powers. This law effectively ended democracy in Germany and established the legal foundation for Hitler's dictatorship.

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April 1, 1933: Nazi Boycott of Jewish Businesses

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April 1, 1933: Nazi Boycott of Jewish Businesses

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The Nazi Party organizes a nationwide boycott of Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, marking the beginning of systematic persecution of Jews in Nazi Germany.

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September 15, 1935: Nuremberg Laws Enacted

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September 15, 1935: Nuremberg Laws Enacted

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The Nazi government implements the Nuremberg Laws, which stripped Jewish citizens of their rights and defined who was considered Jewish. These laws institutionalized many of the racial theories prevalent in Nazi ideology.

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The 'Night of Broken Glass' occurs when Nazi forces and civilians carry out organized attacks against Jewish communities, destroying synagogues, businesses, and homes. About 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration camps.

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Germany invades Poland, marking the start of World War II. This expansion of Nazi power leads to the acceleration of anti-Jewish policies and the beginning of Jewish ghettos in occupied territories.

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The Nazis establish the first Jewish ghetto in Lodz, Poland. This would be followed by the Warsaw Ghetto and many others, forcing Jewish populations into cramped, unsanitary conditions with limited food and supplies.

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June 22, 1941: Operation Barbarossa Begins

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June 22, 1941: Operation Barbarossa Begins

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Germany invades the Soviet Union, leading to mass killings of Jews by mobile killing units (Einsatzgruppen). This marks the transition from persecution to systematic mass murder.

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Nazi officials meet at the Wannsee Conference to coordinate the implementation of the 'Final Solution' - their plan for the systematic murder of all European Jews.

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The Nazi regime operates six death camps in occupied Poland: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, Belzec, Sobibor, Chelmno, and Majdanek. These camps were designed specifically for mass murder.

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Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto launch an armed resistance against Nazi forces. Though ultimately unsuccessful, it became a symbol of Jewish resistance during the Holocaust.

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Germany surrenders unconditionally, marking the end of World War II in Europe and the Holocaust. In the aftermath, the world discovers the full extent of Nazi atrocities, with approximately six million Jews murdered.