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Estimated Population: 10.3 million²⁷

persons under 18 years: 17.2%

persons between 18 and 65 years: 60.4%

persons 65 years and older: 22.4%

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Estimated Population: 340.1 Million ²⁷

persons under 18 years: 21.7%

persons between 18 and 65: 60.6%

persons 65 years and older: 17.7%

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22% of deaths are from heart attacks

21% of deaths are from Neoplasms (tumors)

7% of deaths from unintentional injuries ¹⁷

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22.5% of deaths are from heart disease

18% of deaths is from cancer

6% of deaths is from unintentional injuries ¹⁵

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Percent GDP Spent on Healthcare in Greece 

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Percent GDP Spent on Healthcare in Greece 

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As of December 2024 9.7% ⁸

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Percent GDP Spent on Healthcare in United States

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Percent GDP Spent on Healthcare in United States

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As of 2023 17.6% ¹⁶

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Greece has a mix of private and public hospitals. As of December 2024, about 2/3 of hospitals are public. 55% being public and the remaining 45% being privately owned. ⁸ Greece is also experiencing a shortage of Doctors as of 2023. The country is also known to have the lowest of hospital nurses per capital. 14

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Healthcare Delivery System in the United States  

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Healthcare Delivery System in the United States  

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The United States Healthcare system is made up of both Private and public Sectors. As for the healthcare workforce, the United States is currently suffering a shortage of nurses and physicians. The shortage is expected to worsen by 2030 and reach a shortage of about 124k Physicians as well as 200k nurses. ¹⁸

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1. “5 Public Health Technologies to Revolutionize Health Care Delivery.” Edited by Keck School of Medicine of USC, Keck School of Medicine of USC, 8 Nov. 2023, mphdegree.usc.edu/blog/public-health-technology.

2. Blumenthal, David. “Mirror, Mirror 2024: A Portrait of the Failing U.S. Health System.” Health Care by Country 2024 Report | Commonwealth Fund, 19 Sept. 2024, www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2024/sep/mirror-mirror-2024.

3. The Clinton Courier. “The Pros and Cons of the US Health-Care Model (the Direct-Fee System).” The Clinton Courier, 9 Oct. 2024, www.theclintoncourier.net/2020/09/14/the-pros-and-cons-of-the-us-health-care-model-the-direct-fee-system/.

4. Collins, Sara R. “The State of Health Insurance Coverage in the U.S.” State of Health Insurance Coverage in U.S.: 2024 Biennial Survey | Commonwealth Fund, 21 Nov. 2024, www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/surveys/2024/nov/state-health-insurance-coverage-us-2024-biennial-survey#:~:text=Introduction,lacked%20health%20insurance%20in%202023.

5. “Economy & Trade.” Edited by United States Trade Representative, United States Trade Representative, 2025, ustr.gov/issue-areas/economy-trade.

6. “Explore - Data Commons.” Edited by Data Commons, Home - Data Commons, 2022, datacommons.org/explore#q=life%20expectancy%20in%20the%20US.

7. “FASTSTATS - Deaths and Mortality.” Edited by National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 25 Oct. 2024, www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm.

8. Girvan, Gregg, and Anmol Rathi. “Greece: #25 in the 2024 World Index of Healthcare Innovation.” FREOPP, 26 Dec. 2024, freopp.org/greece-25-in-the-2024-world-index-of-healthcare-innovation/.

9. “Greece - Rankings, News | U.S. News Best Countries.” Edited by US News, US News, 2023, www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/greece.

10. “Guide to Healthcare in Greece | Allianz Care.” Edited by Allianz, Allianz Care, 2025, www.allianzcare.com/en/support/health-and-wellness/national-healthcare-systems/healthcare-in-greece.html.

11. “Health System Financing.” Edited by Community Catalyst, Community Catalyst, 25 Jan. 2023, communitycatalyst.org/issues/affordability/health-system-financing/.

12. “Individual Behaviors.” Edited by National Research Council, U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. 1970, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK154472/#:~:text=Unhealthy%20diet%20and%20low%20physical,transmitted%20infections%2C%20and%20adolescent%20pregnancies.

13. “Infant Morality Rate.” Edited by The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, Central Intelligence Agency, 2025, www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/infant-mortality-rate/country-comparison/.

14. Kowalenko, Charlie. “Greece Tops EU in Unmet Medical Needs Due to High Costs.” Greek City Times, 17 Dec. 2024, greekcitytimes.com/2024/12/17/greece-medical-needs/.

15. Mattiuzzi, Camilla. “Leading Causes of US Deaths in the 2022.” Leading Causes of US Deaths in the 2022, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 24 Nov. 2024, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39685544/.

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Smoking, alcohol, and unhealthy diets are reported to be 40% of mortality for the population. Even though these are considered "social norms" to society they are very critical. ²⁵

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Unhealthy diets, alcohol consumption, drug use, and sexually transmitted infections are the most common major negative health behaviors in the US. 12

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As of 2023, Greece was having trouble overcoming a shortage of pharmaceuticals due to a shortage of drugs

The Medical Device Market is expected to grow to $1.4 Billion by 2027

Meanwhile in the U.S

Preforms worse in regards to long-term health for example, Life Expectancy

High rates for medication errors than most countries

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Life expectancy-83.3 years for women, and 78.1 years for men ¹⁹

Infant mortality-2.2 deaths per 1000 births ¹³

Birth Rate-6.8 births per 1000 people

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Life expectancy-80.2 years for women, 74.8 years for men ⁶

Infant mortality-5.2 deaths per 1000 births 7

Birth rate-12 births per 1000 people 26

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·       The healthcare system has public and private providers.

·       Citizens receive their health care from National Health Services (EOPYY).

·       There are private clinics, hospitals, and service providers in Greece.

·  Greece is ranked 28th in quality of health care

·       The country ranked 26th in three of the four elements for the quality dimensions. 8

·       These scores were based on chronic conditions, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

·       Many people in Greece have the freedom to choose healthcare.

·       Greece does not have many new treatments due to issues with access to new drugs and poor access to essential health services.

·       In good control of public health spending. ²⁰

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·       Greece holds 22nd position for overall Science and Technology

·       Does not invest much in in R&D for technology, or awarded enough patients for the technology

·       The least digitally connected country in the index, this limits their ability to take full coverage of electronic health records. 8

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Benefits of the Health Care System in Greece

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Benefits of the Health Care System in Greece

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·       High qualifications of doctors. There are many young and hard-working specialists.

·       Many doctors speak fluent English, French, Italian, and German.

·       High qualifications of pharmacist and pharmacies.

·       Inexpensive dentistry.

·       Greece is a very healthy country and has one of the highest life expectancies among EU countries. ²⁰

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Limitations of the Health Care System in Greece

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Limitations of the Health Care System in Greece

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·       It’s hard for individuals to make appointments with a doctor.

·       There are 4.9 practicing doctors per 1,000 people.

·       Sometimes you can wait 3-4 hours before being seen,

·       Clinics aren’t very sanitized or have good hygiene.

·       Doctors smoke in the hospitals while seeing patients.

·       An ambulance is only used in an emergency and many patients are asked to get to the nearest hospital on their own.

A private ambulance is very expensive, around 500-800 euros. ²¹

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The U.S. has a capitalist economy where individuals own most businesses, not the government. Consumers decide prices and what to buy, giving people control over the economy. ²⁹

The U.S. is a high-income country, earning over 20% of the world’s income.

Top industries include: Healthcare, Technology, Finance and insurance, Manufacturing, and Entertainment and media. ⁵

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Greece has a free-market economy, with significant government influence.

Greece is a high income country with a public sector accounting for 40% of the GDP

Top Industries Include: Tourism, Shipping, Manufacturing, and Agriculture ⁹

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Social Issues that Affect Health in Greece

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Social Issues that Affect Health in Greece

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Economic Instability

Access to Healthcare

Aging Population

Mental Health Stigma

Lifestyle Related Disease 23

Migration and Refugee Health ²⁴

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Social Issues that Affect Health in the United States

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Social Issues that Affect Health in the United States

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Income Inequality and Poverty

Racial and Ethnic Disparities

Mental Health and Substance Use

Housing Instability and Homelessness

Food Insecurity 22

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Healthcare Insurance in the United States

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Healthcare Insurance in the United States

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The United States' healthcare is financed through public and private funds. About 8% of people, or 26 million people are uninsured in the United States. ⁴

Public funds are collected at the local, state, and federal level. Examples of these types of insurances are Medicare and Medicaid. About 65.4% of Americans are covered by public insurance. ¹¹

Private healthcare in the United States is a coverage plan provided through an employer, or purchased directly through an individual. About 36.3% of Americans are covered by private insurance. 28

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Greece uses a mix of public and private healthcare insurance providers for its residents. About 14% of the Greek population are uninsured.

Public Insurance: Residents in Greece can access free or low-cost public healthcare if they contribute to the Social Insurance Institute (IKA). About 64% of Greeks use public insurance.

Greece has a large private healthcare sector, including independent doctors, those contracted with insurance funds, and staff at private hospitals, labs, and diagnostic centers. Private facilities usually offer better equipment, modern care, and English-speaking staff, and are less impacted by economic challenges. These private facilities aren't covered by IKA and are expensive. About 16% of Greeks use private insurance. ¹⁰

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Benefits of the Health Care System in the US

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Benefits of the Health Care System in the US

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·       Hospitals in American have modern and up to date equipment.

·       Physicians have to go through rigorous training.

·       Because of the high cost of medical care, hospitals can afford equipment for people battling life-threatening diseases.

·       Different medical options (Medicare and Medicaid)

·       Easy ways to get an ambulance and the help you need. ³

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Limitations of the Health Care System (United States)

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Limitations of the Health Care System (United States)

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·       Health Care in America is expensive

·       If you don’t have insurance, you have to pay out of pocket

·       If you lose your job, you most likely will lose health insurance if your employer supplied it.

·       Lack of transparency

·       No prevention care or quality follow up services ³

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Quality of Healthcare System in United States

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Quality of Healthcare System in United States

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·       America is the top performers for care delivery.

·       Successful provision of preventable services like the flu vaccination.

·       U.S has strong concern for human safety.

·       Strong insurance Rules.

·       Americas live the shortest lives and have avoidable deaths. ²

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·       Geospatial technology provides in-depth information on disease penetration, health risk by age, and care delivery logistics.

·       X is used to monitor the spread of infectious diseases

·       Fitness bands allow individuals to tract their health and movement during the day

·       3D printing allows medical professional to model trouble spots in patients or creates functioning artificial body parts.

·       Telehealth allows people who are too ill to go speak to their practitioners over the phone, which is very beneficial. ¹

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16. “National Expenditure Data.” Edited by CMS.gov, CMS.Gov, 18 Dec. 2024, www.cms.gov/data-research/statistics-trends-and-reports/national-health-expenditure-data/historical.

17. “Navigation.” Edited by Hellenic Statistical Authority, Hellenic Statistical Authority, 23 Feb. 2022, www.statistics.gr/en/infographic-causes-death-2019?utm_source=chatgpt.com.

18. O’Connell-Domenech, Alejandra. “The US Is Suffering a Healthcare Worker Shortage. Experts Fear It Will Only Get Worse.” The Hill, 28 Sept. 2023, thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/prevention-cures/4225960-the-us-is-suffering-a-healthcare-worker-shortage-experts-fear-it-will-only-get-worse/#:~:text=The%20Bureau%20of%20Labor%20Statistics%20projects%20that,aides%20will%20increase%2037%20percent%20by%202028.

19. O’Neill, Aaron. “Greece - Life Expectancy at Birth by Gender 2012-2022 | Statista.” Statista, 2022, www.statista.com/statistics/970705/life-expectancy-at-birth-in-greece-by-gender/.

20. “Pros and Cons of the Greek Healthcare System.” Edited by Visit World, Visit World - Pros and Cons of the Greek Healthcare System, 2024, visitworld.today/blog/782/pros-and-cons-of-the-greek-healthcare-system#general-overview-of-the-health-care-system-of-greece.

21. “The Pros and Cons of the US Health-Care Model (the Direct-Fee System).” Edited by The Clinton Courier, The Clinton Courier, 9 Oct. 2024, www.theclintoncourier.net/2020/09/14/the-pros-and-cons-of-the-us-health-care-model-the-direct-fee-system/.

22. “Social Determinants of Health (SDOH).” Edited by CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Jan. 2024, www.cdc.gov/about/priorities/why-is-addressing-sdoh-important.html.

23. “State of Health in the EU - Greece.” Edited by European Commission, State of Health in the EU, 2019, health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2019-11/2019_chp_gr_english_0.pdf.

24. Tagaris, Karolina. “Children Found Malnourished in Greek Migrant Camp.” Reuters, 7 Apr. 2025, www.reuters.com/world/europe/children-found-malnourished-greek-migrant-camp-msf-charity-says-2025-04-07/.

25. Tzortzi, Anna, et al. “Perceived Importance of Public Health Risks in Greece: A Nationwide Survey of the Adult Population.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 4 Aug. 2021, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8393876/#:~:text=Several%20public%20health%20threats%20are,in%20mortality%20due%20to%20lung%2C.

26. “U.S. Birth Rate 1960-2025.” Edited by Macrotrends, MacroTrends, 2025, www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/USA/united-states/birth-rate.

27. “U.S. Census Bureau Quickfacts: United States.” Edited by US Census Bureau, Quick Facts: United States, www.census.gov/quickfacts/. Accessed 10 Apr. 2025.

28. “What Is Private Health Insurance?” Edited by Anthem, Anthem.Com, 2024, www.anthem.com/individual-and-family/insurance-basics/health-insurance/what-is-private-health-insurance.

29. “What Is the Economic System in the United States?” Edited by Preparing for the Oath, Preparing for the Oath: U.S. History and Civics for Citizenship, 2025, americanhistory.si.edu/citizenship/learn/government-basics/11/learn.