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Essential Question #1: How have the goals of the feminist movement shifted over time? 

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Essential Question #1: How have the goals of the feminist movement shifted over time? 

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Essential Question #2: Are there voices in the female community that are louder than others in the media? How does that show privilege within womanhood? What voices should be amplified that are not?

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Essential Question #2: Are there voices in the female community that are louder than others in the media? How does that show privilege within womanhood? What voices should be amplified that are not?

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Essential Question #3: Do the different kinds of texts you're looking at (ie. novels, poems, movies, research papers) change/affect the message being shared about women?

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Essential Question #3: Do the different kinds of texts you're looking at (ie. novels, poems, movies, research papers) change/affect the message being shared about women?

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This 2021 novel reimagines Alcott's novel Little Women by centering the story around four Black sisters (Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy) who learn lessons about independence, family, resilience, and love while building a new life as emancipated slaves during the Civil War. This novel considers how different aspects of the March sister's experiences coming of age would be affected by being Black in nineteenth century America. This text will help students explore diverse voices as they compare it to the Little Women movie which is also in this LTS.

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Wow, I was excited to read this just because I like Little Women, but this really knocked my socks off. For starters, I had never learned about the Freedmen's Colony on Roanoke Island but that was such an interesting setting for this book and I'm so glad to have learned a bit about it. But then I loved how thoughtfully and sensitively these characters were adapted--the concept that as a slave, Jo was thought by white people to be mute because she knew that she'd get in trouble if she said the th...more

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Wow, I was excited to read this just because I like Little Women, but this really knocked my socks off. For starters, I had never learned about the Freedmen's Colony on Roanoke Island but that was such an interesting setting for this book and I'm so glad to have learned a bit about it.

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How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents - Julia Alvarez

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How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents - Julia Alvarez

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This novel published in 1991 tells the story of four sisters as they navigate their new lives as immigrants in New York after fleeing from their home country of the Dominican Republic, exploring themes of identity, culture, and loss of heritage. This text explores how being an immigrant affects the female experience, showing the intersectionality between sexism and racism. This text can be compared to Little Women (movie) and So Many Beginnings (novel) to discuss how race and ethnicity affects a woman's experience as she grows up in America.

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Read 2,548 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. Uprooted from their family home in the Dominican Republic, the four Garcia sisters - Car...

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This movie follows the lives of the four March sisters, Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy, as they come of age in 19th-century Massachusetts and forge their own paths into womanhood. This is a classic story of womanhood, and I think viewing the movie provides an interesting perspective as students can watch the movie, learn about female director Greta Gerwig, and compare it to the remixed novel also in this LTS.

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Little Women (2019) ⭐ 7.8 | Drama, Romance

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This comic series follows a Pakistani-American teenager Kamala Khan. Kamala is a superhero in her own right, but she is also heavily inspired on her journey by her hero Captain Marvel. This story shows how strong women can empower other women, uplifting girls all over the world. This modern graphic novel with fantastical elements will connect well with the theme of female empowerment through the ages while also enticing students with its exciting images and entertaining plot.

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It would probably work very well, since this is the first appearance of Kamala. It's pretty basic, but you could easily discuss; diversity, culture, hIt would probably work very well, since this is the first appearance of Kamala. It's pretty basic, but you could easily discuss; diversity, culture, how the art and coloring effects the tone of the story, how they would react in that situation, and the relationships that Kamala has with her friends, fellow peers and family. You could also discuss the moral of the story arc, which is *SUPER MINOR SPOILER ALERT* be yourself. I had no problem discussing it with the group I'm in. CapesandCovers...more (less)

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Nenia ✨ I yeet my books back and forth ✨ Campbell

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It would probably work very well, since this is the first appearance of Kamala. It's pretty basic, but you could easily discuss; diversity, culture, hIt would probably work very well, since this is the first appearance of Kamala.

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This graphic memoir chronicles the first six months of this author's life as an out trans woman. This story explores love, heartbreak, dysphoria, family challenges, and the healing power of chosen community. This story provides a look into the experience of a community within the female community which is not often viewed or discussed as heavily as others, allowing students the opportunity to see new perspectives in this unit.

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My Life In Transition (2021) — Julia Kaye

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This graphic novel depicts the life and death of German activist, revolutionist, and creative Rosa Luxemburg. Her story takes place in the twentieth century, allowing students to view an inspiring revolutionary woman who brought about political reform in an earlier time. This can be compared to the Kamala Harris picture book to see strong-willed women in different centuries both bringing about political change.

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Barbara Ehrenreich, author of Living with a Wild God

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A giant of the political left, Rosa Luxemburg is one of the foremost minds in the canon of revolutionary socialist thought. But she was much more than just a thinker. She made herself heard in a world inimical to the voices of strong-willed women. She overcame physical infirmity and the prejudice she faced as a Jew to

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The Bechdel Test is a method used to analyze positive gender representation in movies. A movie that passes the test must have two named female characters who have a conversation with each other which is not primarily focused on men or relationships with men. This website identifies the movies which have and have not passed the Bechdel Test since 1874.

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Movie list

2024 (6 movies)

2023 (110 movies)

2022 (84 movies)

About

The Bechdel Test, or Bechdel-Wallace Test, sometimes called the Mo Movie Measure or Bechdel Rule is a simple test which names the following three criteria: (1) it has to have at least two women in it, who (2) who talk to each other, about (3) something besides a man. The test was popularized by Alison Bechdel's comic, the name of which Google won't let me put on this page for inciting hate, in a 1985 strip called The Rule. For a nice video introduction to the subject please check out The Bechdel Test for Women in Movies on feministfrequency.com.

If you need access to the raw data, check out the docs for the api.

If you want to add a movie to this list, please go to the Add a movie page and fill in the form. If you disagree with a rating, please leave a comment on the appropriate movie page instead.

Recent activity

Currently 10251 movies in the database. The five latest additions:

2024-03-02 03:15:

Megamind vs. The Doom Syndicate (2024)
2024-02-29 03:37:

Dune: Part Two (2024)
2024-02-28 14:00:

Lisa Frankenstein (2024)
2024-02-26 12:55:

Mermaid (2007)
2024-02-25 11:37:

The five latest comments were on:

2024-03-06 05:57:

Scott Pilgrim Takes Off (2023)
2024-03-05 00:03:

Lisa Frankenstein (2024)
2024-03-04 18:33:

Advantageous (2015)
2024-03-04 15:45:

The list

The list you see to the left of this text consists of an icon with the result of the tests (explained below), the title (clicking it will take you to its details page, where you can find the reviews and comments) and finally two optional icons, also explained below. Clicking the icon before the title will take you to the movie's IMDb page.

For the sake of practicality, I've taken the liberty to read the first criterion as only named female characters counting.

There are currently 10251 movies listed. Some stats and graphs are available. Be sure to check out Ten graphics on the Bechdel test on Reddit for more graphs.

You can also view the list sorted by title, date added (latest first), number of comments, number of reviews or rating.
An RSS feed is also available, listing the latest 50 movies added to the list.

You can view just the Movies in the IMDb Top 250 and last but not least, you can search the list.

Links

About the Bechdel test
Wikipedia: Bechdel test The Bechdel Test: What It Is, And Why It Matters TV Tropes Wiki: The Bechdel Test
Articles
The Dollar-And-Cents Case Against Hollywood's Exclusion of Women The Female Character Flowchart Memo to all women: No half for you in Hollywood Cartoons are more than just entertainment The 'Bechdel Rule,' Defining Pop-Culture Character
Review sites
Women & Hollywood
This website is in no way affiliated with Alison Bechdel. Icons from Tango Desktop Project.

The list and ratings are licensed under under . Comments on movies are owned by whoever posted them and are not covered by this license.

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The Bechdel Test, or Bechdel-Wallace Test, sometimes called the Mo Movie Measure or Bechdel Rule is a simple test which names the following three criteria: (1) it has to have at least two women in it, who (2) who talk to each other, about (3) something besides a man. The test was popularized by Alison Bechdel’s comic, the name of which Google won’t let me put on this page for inciting hate, in a 1985 strip called The Rule. For a nice video introduction to the subject please check out The Bechdel Test for Women in Movies on feministfrequency.com.

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"Visualizing the data: Women’s representation in society" - UN Women

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"Visualizing the data: Women’s representation in society" - UN Women

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This 2020 study showcases how the gaps between men and women in many different areas of society have changed over the years. The graphics in this article provide an easily understood visual of the progress women have made as well as the space we still need to close. This would be a helpful introduction to the gaps in different fields when starting a unit with students about the struggles and triumphs of women.

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Visualizing the data: Women’s representation in society

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Women’s full and equal participation in all facets of society is a fundamental human right. Yet, around the world, from politics to entertainment to the workplace, women and girls are largely underrepresented. Take a closer look at this gender-imbalanced picture over time.

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This popular television show from the 90s and early 2000s is an iconic example of female empowerment in modern media. Buffy Summers is the Slayer, the one woman born to every generation who has the power to defeat monsters. Buffy consistently showcases both physical and mental strength, showing young viewers that girls are capable of great things. This television show is fun to watch while also being a good example of female empowerment in popular media. Students can watch clips from this show in class.

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Videos12

"In every generation there is a chosen one... she alone will stand against the vampires, the demons and the forces of darkness. She is the slayer." Buffy Summers knows this tale by heart, and no matter how hard she tries to be just a "normal girl", she can not escape from her destiny... Thankfully, she is not alone in her quest to save the world, as she has the help of her friends, the hilarious (and surprisingly quite effective) evil-fighting team called "The Scooby Gang". Together, Buffy & co. will slay their demons, survive one apocalypse after another, attend high school and college... and above all, understand that growing up can truly be Hell sometimes... literally. - m_starling

What was the official certification given to Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997) in Japan?

Answer

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Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV Series 1997-2003) - IMDb

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Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Created by Joss Whedon. With Sarah Michelle Gellar, Nicholas Brendon, Alyson Hannigan, Anthony Head. A young woman, destined to slay vampires, demons and other infernal creatures, deals with her life fighting evil, with the help of her friends.

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Kamala Harris: Rooted in Justice - Nikki Grimes

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Kamala Harris: Rooted in Justice - Nikki Grimes

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This children's picture book biography tells the story of former Vice President, Senator, and presidential candidate Kamala Harris. Kamala is an inspiration to women everywhere as she, the child of immigrants, worked her way to becoming the first female Vice President in America. This book can be paired with the Rosa Luxemburg graphic novel to see strong-willed women in different centuries both bringing about political change.

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Kamala Harris Rooted in Justice - Nikki Grimes

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writ­ten by Nik­ki Grimesillus­trat­ed by Lau­ra Free­manAtheneum, 2020 Buy this book: hardcover Cel­lar Door Book­store (signed) Bookshop.org (local booksellers) Barnes & Noble Ama­zon e‑book Kobo Barnes & Noble Ama­zon Cel­lar Door Book­store (signed) Bookshop.org (local booksellers) Barnes & Noble Ama­zon Kobo Barnes & Noble Ama­zon Kamala Harris: Rooted in Justice About the Book Dis­cov­er the incred­i­ble sto­ry of a young daugh­ter […]

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Planting Stories: The Life of Librarian and Storyteller Pura Belpre - Anika Aldamuy Denise

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Planting Stories: The Life of Librarian and Storyteller Pura Belpre - Anika Aldamuy Denise

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This picture book tells the story of Pura Belpre, storyteller, puppeteer, and New York City’s first Puerto Rican librarian, who championed bilingual literature. This shows how women can use their creativity and strength to advocate for those who cannot advocate for themselves, creating a better world with their passion. This story can be combined with Kamala Harris's picture book and Rosa Luxemburg's graphic novel to see how a woman from another decade and from a different minority group can bring about change.

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* A Today Show's Best Kids' Books of 2019 * Indie Next List Pick * Junior Library Guild Selection *

"An appealing tribute and successful remedy to the lack of titles about the groundbreaking librarian...a must-have for all libraries." - School Library Journal (starred review)

An inspiring picture book biography of storyteller, puppeteer, and New York City's first Puerto Rican librarian, who championed bilingual literature.

When she came to America in 1921, Pura Belpré carried the cuentos folklóricos of her Puerto Rican homeland. Finding a new home at the New York Public Library as a bilingual assistant, she turned her popular retellings into libros and spread story seeds across the land. Today, these seeds have grown into a lush landscape as generations of children and storytellers continue to share her tales and celebrate Pura's legacy.

Brought to colorful life by Paola Escobar's elegant and exuberant illustrations and Anika Aldamuy Denise's lyrical text, this gorgeous book is perfect for the pioneers in your life.

Informative backmatter and suggested further reading included.

A Spanish-language edition, Sembrando historias: Pura Belpré: bibliotecaria y narradora de cuentos, is also available.

"Anika Aldamuy Denise's intimate telling captures the magical, folk-tale feeling of Belpré's own stories. Her lyrical text, sprinkled like fairy dust with Spanish words, begs to be read aloud, while Paola Escobar's stylishly detailed and warmly expressive illustrations capture the joy of sharing stories." - New York Times Book Review

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Planting Stories: The Life of Librarian and Storyteller Pura Belpré

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Planting Stories: The Life of Librarian and Storyteller Pura Belpré [Denise, Anika Aldamuy, Escobar, Paola] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Planting Stories: The Life of Librarian and Storyteller Pura Belpré

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In ths popular 2016 film, three female African-American mathematicians play a pivotal role in astronaut John Glenn's launch into orbit while dealing with racial and gender discrimination. This film can be combined with the double-pronged bias research paper.

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In this 1998 Disney animated film, a young Chinese woman disguises herself as a man to take her father's place in the army, ultimately proving her worth as a warrior and saving her country from invaders. This movie showcases how powerful women can be even when they are operating under a sexist regime. It also provides a new perspective for students as it features a Chinese woman as the main character.

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Mulan is a 1998 American animated musical adventure film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation for Walt Disney Pictures. Based on the Chinese legend of Hua Mulan, it is the 36th Disney animated feature film, and the ninth animated feature film produced and released during the Disney Renaissance. The film was directed by Barry Cook and Tony Bancroft (in their feature directorial debuts) and produced by Pam Coats, from a screenplay by Rita Hsiao, Chris Sanders, Philip LaZebnik, and the writing team of Raymond Singer and Eugenia Bostwick-Singer, and a story by Robert D. San Souci. Ming-Na Wen, Eddie Murphy, Miguel Ferrer, and BD Wong star in the English version as Mulan, Mushu, Shan Yu, and Captain Li Shang, respectively, while Jackie Chan provided the voice of Li Shang for the Chinese dubs of the film. The film's plot takes place in China during an unspecified Imperial dynasty, where Fa Mulan, daughter of aged warrior Fa Zhou, impersonates a man to take her father's place during a general conscription to counter a Hun invasion.

Mulan was the first of three features produced primarily at the Disney animation studio at Disney-MGM Studios (now Disney's Hollywood Studios) in Bay Lake, Florida. Development for the film began in 1994, when a number of artistic supervisors were sent to China to receive artistic and cultural inspiration.

Mulan premiered at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles on June 5, 1998, and was released in the United States on June 19. The film was well received by critics and the public, who praised the animation, plot, characters (particularly the title character), and musical score, and grossed over $304 million. It earned a Golden Globe and Academy Award nomination and won several Annie Awards, including Best Animated Feature. It was then followed by a direct-to-video sequel, in 2004. A live-action adaptation directed by Niki Caro was released on September 4, 2020.

From left to right: Cri-Kee; Mushu; Fa Mulan; Khan

The Huns, led by the ruthless Shan Yu, invade imperial China by breaching the Great Wall. The Emperor orders a general mobilization, with conscription notices requiring one man from each family to join the Imperial Chinese Army. Fa Mulan, an adventurous and active young woman, hopes to bring honor to her family. She is sent to a matchmaker to demonstrate her fitness as a future wife. However, after multiple mishaps, the matchmaker deems Mulan a disgrace to the family.

Mulan's elderly father Fa Zhou - the only man in their family and a disabled army veteran - is conscripted. Mulan tries to dissuade him from going, but he protests that he must do his duty. Fearing for his life, she cuts her hair and takes her father's sword and armor, disguising herself as a man so that she can enlist in his stead. Quickly learning of her departure, Mulan's grandmother prays to the family's ancestors for Mulan's safety.

In the local temple, Mushu, a small red dragon, is a disgraced former family guardian who is demoted to the role of awakening the spirits of the ancestors. The Great Ancestor decides that the powerful stone dragon guardian should guide Mulan. He sends Mushu to wake the guardian, but Mushu accidentally destroys the guardian's statue instead. With no other options, Mushu decides to aid Mulan himself.

Reporting to the training camp, Mulan passes as a man named "Fa Ping", with Mushu providing encouragement and clumsy guidance. Under the command of Captain Li Shang, she and her fellow recruits-including three named Yao, Ling, and Chien-Po-gradually become trained soldiers.

The Emperor's belligerent councilor, Chi-Fu, threatens to dissuade the Emperor from allowing Shang's men to fight. Mushu then crafts a fake letter from Shang's father, General Li, ordering Shang to follow the main imperial army into the mountains. The recruits set out and arrive at a burnt village, discovering that the Huns have massacred General Li and his troops. As the soldiers march up a mountain pass, they are ambushed by the Huns. Mulan cleverly uses a Huolongchushui cannon to cause an avalanche; Shan Yu wounds her, but he and his army are buried. Mulan's deception is revealed when her wound is bandaged. Instead of executing Mulan as the law requires, Shang, having been saved by Mulan during the battle, spares her life and expels her from the army. Mulan is left behind as the other soldiers depart for the Imperial City to report the Huns' defeat. However, Shan Yu and five of his warriors have survived, and Mulan sees them heading towards the Forbidden City.

Mulan enters the city and warns Shang, who does not believe her. The Huns then capture the Emperor and seize the palace. Mulan, Yao, Ling, and Chien-Po dress up as concubines to distract the Hun guards, allowing Shang to stop Shan Yu from attacking the Emperor. Mulan lures the Hun leader onto the roof, where she pins him there with his own sword. Mushu fires a large skyrocket, which strikes and propels Shan Yu into a fireworks launching tower, causing it to explode. The Emperor praises Mulan for her heroics and bows to honor her, prompting everyone else to do the same. Mulan declines his offer of a seat on the Royal Council, but accepts the Emperor's crest and Shan Yu's sword as gifts.

Mulan returns home and presents her gifts to her father, but he ignores them, happy to have her back; having become enamored with Mulan, Shang also arrives, and accepts her invitation to stay for dinner. Mushu is reinstated as a Fa family guardian as the ancestors celebrate.

Kelly Chen, Coco Lee and Xu Qing voiced Mulan in the Cantonese, Taiwanese Mandarin and Mainland standard versions of the film respectively, while Jackie Chan provided the voice of Li Shang in all three Chinese versions and appeared in the version of promotional music videos of " I'll Make a Man Out of You". Taiwanese comedian Jacky Wu provided the voice of Mushu in the Mandarin version.

In 1989, Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida had opened with 40 to 50 employees, with its original purpose to produce cartoon shorts and featurettes. However, by late 1993, following several animation duties on Beauty and the Beast, , and The Lion King, Disney executives were convinced to allow the Feature Animation Florida studios to produce their first independent film. Around that same time, Disney Feature Animation developed an interest in Asian-themed legends, beginning with the optioning of several books by children's book author Robert D. San Souci, who had a consulting relationship with Disney executive Jay Dyer. Also around that time, a short straight-to-video film titled China Doll about an oppressed and miserable Chinese girl who is whisked away by a British Prince Charming to happiness in the West was in development. Thomas Schumacher asked San Souci if he had any additional stories, in response to which San Souci turned in a manuscript of a book based on the Chinese poem " The Song of Fa Mu Lan". Ultimately, Disney decided to combine the two separate projects.

Following the opening of the Feature Animation Florida studios, Barry Cook, who had served as a special-effects animator since 1982, had directed the Roger Rabbit cartoon Trail Mix-Up produced at the satellite studio. At a lunch invitation with Thomas Schumacher, Cook was offered two projects in development: a Scottish folk tale with a dragon or Mulan. Knowledgeable about the existence of dragons in Chinese mythology, Cook suggested adding a dragon to Mulan, in which a week later, Schumacher urged Cook to drop the Scottish project and accept Mulan as his next project. Following this, Cook was immediately assigned as the initial director of the project, and cited influences from Charlie Chaplin and David Lean during production. While working as an animator on the gargoyles for The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Tony Bancroft was offered to co-direct the film following a recommendation from Rob Minkoff, co-director of The Lion King, to Schumacher, in which he accepted. He joined the creative team by early 1995.

The crew toured various parts of China for inspiration.

In 1994, the production team sent a select group of artistic supervisors to China for three weeks to take photographs and drawings of local landmarks for inspiration; and to soak up local culture. Key members of the creative team at the time- Pam Coats, Barry Cook, Ric Sluiter, Robert Walker, and Mark Henn-were invited to travel to China as a research trip to study the landscape, people, and history of the original legend. From June 17 to July 2, 1994, the research trip flew to Beijing, China, which is where Coats became inspired by the placement of flags on the Great Wall. They also toured Datong, Luoyang, Xi'an, Jiayuguan, Dunhuang, and Guilin.

In its earliest stages, the story was originally conceived as a -inspired romantic comedy film where Mulan, who was a misfit tomboy who loves her father, is betrothed to Shang, whom she has not met. On her betrothal day, her father Fa Zhou carves her destiny on a stone tablet in the family temple, which she shatters in anger, running away to forge her own destiny. In November 1993, Chris Sanders, who had just finished storyboard work on The Lion King, was hoping to work on The Hunchback of Notre Dame until Schumacher appointed him to work on Mulan instead. Acting as Head of Story, Sanders grew frustrated with the romantic comedy aspect of the story, and urged producer Pam Coats to be more faithful to the original legend by having Mulan leave home because of the love for her father. This convinced the filmmakers to decide to change Mulan's character in order to make her more appealing and selfless.

Sequence Six-in which Mulan takes her father's conscription order, cuts her long hair, and dons her father's armor-served as a pivotal moment in the evolution of Mulan's character. Director Barry Cook explained that the sequence initially started as a song storyboarded by Barry Johnson and redrawn by character designer Chen-Yi Chang. Following the story changes to have Mulan leave to save her father, the song was dropped. Storyboard artist and co-head of story Dean DeBlois was tasked to revise the sequence, and decided to board the sequence with "minimal dialogue". Assisted with an existing musical selection from another film score courtesy of Sanders, the sequence reel was screened for Peter Schneider and Thomas Schumacher, both of whom were impressed. DeBlois stated, "Sequence Six was the first sequence that got put into production, and it helped to establish our 'silent' approach." Additionally, General Li was not originally going to be related to Shang at all, but by changing the story, the filmmakers were able to mirror the stories of both Shang's and Mulan's love for their fathers. As a Christian, Bancroft declined to explore Buddhism within the film.[better source needed ]

Because there was no dragon in the original legend, Mulan did not have animal companions; it was Roy E. Disney who suggested the character of Mushu. Veteran story artist Joe Grant created the cricket character, Cri-Kee, though animator Barry Temple admitted "the directors didn't want him in the movie, the story department didn't want him in the movie. The only people who truly wanted him in the movie were Michael Eisner and Joe Grant - and myself, because I was assigned the character. I would sit in meetings and they'd say, 'Well, where's the cricket during all this?' Somebody else would say, 'Oh, to hell with the cricket.' They felt Cri-Kee was a character who wasn't necessary to tell the story, which is true." Throughout development on the film, Grant would slip sketches of Cri-Kee under the directors' door.

Before production began, the production team sought out Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, or Korean vocal talents. Tia Carrere was an early candidate to voice the title character. However, Lea Salonga, who had been the singing voice of Princess Jasmine in , was initially cast to provide both Mulan's speaking and singing voices, but the directors did not find her attempt at a deeper speaking voice when Mulan impersonated Ping convincing, so Ming-Na Wen was brought in to speak the role. Salonga returned to provide the singing voice. Wen herself landed the role after the filmmakers listened to her narration at the beginning of The Joy Luck Club. Coats reflected on her decision, stating, "When we heard Ming-Na doing that voice-over, we knew we had our Mulan. She has a very likable and lovely voice, and those are the qualities we were looking for."

For the role of Mushu, Disney was aiming for top Hollywood talent in the vein of Robin Williams' performance as the Genie in . The filmmakers initially approached Joe Pesci and Richard Dreyfuss until Michael Eisner considered Eddie Murphy. After accepting the role, Murphy initially balked when he was asked to record at the Disney studios, but then asked to record the voice in his basement at his Bubble Hill mansion in Englewood, New Jersey.

For the speaking voice of Captain Li Shang, BD Wong was hired, although his singing voice, for the song " I'll Make a Man Out of You", was performed by Donny Osmond, who had previously auditioned to be the speaking voice of the title character in . Osmond's casting originated from a suggestion from the casting director, and throughout recording, Osmond studied Wong's dialogue tapes, and aimed to match his inflections and personality. Osmond commented that his sons decided that he had finally "made it" in show business when he was in a Disney film. Likewise for the role of Grandmother Fa, June Foray provided the speaking voice, and Marni Nixon supplied the singing voice.

The animation crew was inspired by ancient Chinese art for the aesthetics of the movie

To achieve a harmonious visual look, producer designer Hans Bacher and art director Ric Sluiter, along with Robert Walker and Head of Backgrounds Robert Stanton collaborated to establish a proper chronological location for the film in Chinese history. Since there was no general consensus on the time of Mulan's existence, they based the visual design on the Ming and Qing dynasties. An important element of Bacher's design was to turn the art style closer to Chinese painting, with watercolor and simpler design, as opposed to the details of The Lion King and The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Bacher further studied more than thirty-five film directors ranging from the silent era German Expressionism, British and American epics of the 1950s and 60s, and the Spaghetti Westerns for inspiration for composition, lighting, and staging that would establish settings that enhanced the characters. Additional inspiration was found in the earlier Disney animated films such as , , and to establish a sense of staging.

In October 1997, the Walt Disney Company announced a major expansion of its Florida animation operations constructing a 200,000-square-foot, four-story animation building and the addition of 400 animators to the workforce.

To create 2,000 Hun soldiers during the Huns' attack sequence, the production team developed crowd simulation software called Attila. This software allows thousands of unique characters to move autonomously. A variant of the program called Dynasty was used in the final battle sequence to create a crowd of 3,000 in the Forbidden City. Pixar's photorealistic open API RenderMan was used to render the crowd. Another software developed for this movie was Faux Plane, which was used to add depth to flat two-dimensional painting. Although developed late in production progress, Faux Plane was used in five shots, including the dramatic sequence which features the Great Wall of China, and the final battle sequence when Mulan runs to the Forbidden City. During the scene in which the citizens of China are bowing to Mulan, the crowd is a panoramic film of real people bowing. It was edited into the animated foreground of the scene.

The songs featured in the film were written by composer Matthew Wilder and lyricist David Zippel. Stephen Schwartz was originally commissioned to write the songs for the film. Following the research trip to China in June 1994, Schwartz was contacted by former Disney studio chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg to compose songs for The Prince of Egypt, which he agreed. Peter Schneider, then-president of Walt Disney Feature Animation, threatened to have Schwartz's name removed from any publicity materials for Pocahontas and The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Michael Eisner phoned Schwartz, and urged him to back out of his commitment to DreamWorks, but he refused and left the project. After Schwartz's departure, his three songs, "Written in Stone", "Destiny", and "China Doll", were dropped amid story and character changes by 1995. Shortly after, Disney music executive Chris Montan heard Matthew Wilder's demo for a stage musical adaptation of Anne Rice's Cry to Heaven, and selected Wilder to replace Schwartz. In July 1997, David Zippel joined to write the lyrics. The film featured five songs composed by Wilder and Zippel, with a sixth originally planned for Mushu, but dropped following Eddie Murphy's involvement with the character.

Although Danny Elfman and Thomas Newman were considered to score the film, English composer Rachel Portman was selected as the film composer. However, Portman became pregnant during production, and decided to back out. Following Portman's departure, Randy Edelman-whose Dragonheart theme was used in the trailer-and Kitarō were considered, until Jerry Goldsmith became available and signed on after dropping out of a project. The film's soundtrack is credited for starting the career of pop singer Christina Aguilera, whose first song to be released in the U.S. was her rendition of " Reflection", the first single from the Mulan soundtrack. The song, and Aguilera's vocals, were so well received that it landed her a recording contract with RCA Records. In 1999, she would go on to release her self-titled debut album, on which "Reflection" was also included. The pop version of "Reflection" has a Polish version ("Lustro" performed by Edyta Górniak) and two Spanish versions, for Spain (performed by Malú) and Latin America (performed by Lucero). Other international versions include a Brazilian Portuguese version by Sandy & Junior ("Imagem"), a Korean version performed by Lena Park, and a Mandarin version by Coco Lee.

The music featured during the haircut scene, titled Mulan's Decision, is different in the soundtrack album. The soundtrack album uses an orchestrated score while the movie uses heavy synthesizer music. The synthesizer version is available on the limited edition CD. Salonga, who often sings movie music in her concerts, has done a Disney medley which climaxes with an expanded version of "Reflection" (not the same as those in Aguilera's version). Salonga also provided the singing voice for Mulan in the film's sequel, .

The film's teaser trailer was released in November 1997, attached to the theatrical releases of The Little Mermaid and . Teaser spots were shown during CBS's coverage of the 1998 Winter Olympics.

Because of the disappointing box office performances of The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Hercules, Disney restricted its marketing campaign for Mulan, spending $30 million on promotional advertisements compared to more than $60 million for Hercules the year before. Rather than holding a lavish media event premiere like those of the past few years, such as premiering Pocahontas in Central Park and bringing the Main Street Electrical Parade parade to Fifth Avenue for Hercules, Disney opted to premiere the film on June 5, 1998 at the Hollywood Bowl, complete with Chinese lanterns and fortune cookies. Two days before the general release, McDonald's launched its promotional campaign by including one of eight toys free with the purchase of a Happy Meal. The promotion also included Szechuan sauce for its Chicken McNuggets, which would be referenced in a 2017 episode of the Adult Swim series Rick and Morty and subsequently brought back by McDonald's as a promotional item related to that show.

In collaboration with Disney, Hyperion Books published The Art of Mulan authored by Jeff Kurtti, which chronicled the production of the film. In addition with its publication, Hyperion Books also issued a collector's "folding, accordion book" of the ancient poem that inspired the film. On August 18, 1998, around 3,700 backpacks and 1,800 pieces of luggage were recalled back to their manufacturer, Pyramid Accessories Inc., when it was discovered they contained lead-based paint.

The film was first released on VHS on February 2, 1999, as part of the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection lineup. Mulan was released on DVD on November 9, 1999, as a Walt Disney Limited Issue for a limited sixty-day time period before going into moratorium. On February 1, 2000, it was re-released on VHS and DVD as part of the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection lineup. The VHS and DVD were accompanied by two music videos of "Reflection" and "True to Your Heart" while the DVD additionally contained the theatrical trailer and character artwork. The Gold Collection release was returned into the Disney Vault on January 31, 2002. On October 26, 2004, Walt Disney Home Entertainment re-released a restored print of Mulan on VHS and as a 2-disc Special Edition DVD.

In March 2013, Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released Mulan and Mulan II on Blu-ray and DVD to coincide with the film's 15th anniversary.

In September 2017, Mulan became available to Netflix users through their streaming service. In November 2019, Mulan became available for streaming on Disney+. A year later, Mulan was released on 4K Blu-ray.

Mulan grossed $22.8 million in its opening weekend, ranking second behind . It went on to gross $120 million in the United States and Canada combined, and $304 million worldwide, making it the second-highest grossing family film of the year, behind , and the seventh-highest-grossing film of the year overall. While Mulan domestically out-grossed the previous two Disney animated films which had preceded it, The Hunchback of Notre Dame and , its box office returns failed to match those of the Disney films from the first half of the Renaissance such as Beauty and the Beast, , and The Lion King. Internationally, its highest grossing releases included those in the United Kingdom ($14.6 million) and France ($10.2 million).

The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film an approval rating of 85%, based on 80 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5/10. The site's consensus reads, "Exploring themes of family duty and honor, Mulan breaks new ground as a Disney film, while still bringing vibrant animation and sprightly characters to the screen." In a 2009 countdown, Rotten Tomatoes ranked it seventeenth out of the fifty canonical animated Disney features. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 71 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare "A+" grade.

Roger Ebert, reviewing for the Chicago Sun-Times, gave Mulan three-and-a-half stars out of four in his written review. He said that " Mulan is an impressive achievement, with a story and treatment ranking with Beauty and the Beast and The Lion King". Likewise, James Berardinelli of awarded the film three-and-a-half stars out of four praising the lead character, its theme of war, and the animation. He concluded that "Adults will appreciate the depth of characterization while kids will love Mulan's sidekick, a colorful dragon named Mushu. Everyone will be entertained [by] the fast-moving plot and rich animation." Todd McCarthy of called the film "a female empowerment story par excellence, as well as a G-rated picture that may have strong appeal for many adults." McCarthy further praised the voice cast and background design, but overall felt the film "goes about halfway toward setting new boundaries for Disney's, and the industry's, animated features, but doesn't go far enough." Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly graded the film a B+ writing, "Vividly animated, with a bursting palette that evokes both the wintry grandeur and decorative splendor of ancient China, Mulan is artful and satisfying in a slightly remote way."

Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune described the film as "a big disappointment when compared with the studio's other recent films about a female hero searching for independence." He was further critical of Mulan's characterization in comparison to Ariel and Belle, and claimed the "design of the film does not take advantage of the inspiration provided by classic Chinese artists, and the songs are not memorable." Similarly, Janet Maslin of The New York Times criticized the lack of detail in the background art and described it as "the most inert and formulaic of recent Disney animated films." Reviewing the film for the Los Angeles Times, Kenneth Turan wrote " Mulan has its accomplishments, but unlike the best of Disney's output, it comes off as more manufactured than magical." While he praised the title character, he highlighted that the "by-now-standard hip patter (prepare for jokes about cross-dressing) is so tepid that not even five credited writers can revive it, and the songs by Matthew Wilder and David Zippel (with Lea Salonga and Donny Osmond singing for the leads) lack the spark that Zippel's lyrics brought to the underappreciated Hercules." Ed Gonzalez of Slant Magazine criticized the film as "soulless" in its portrayal of East Asian society.

This movie was also the subject of comment from feminist critics. Mimi Nguyen says the film "pokes fun at the ultimately repressive gender roles that seek to make Mulan a domesticated creature". Pam Coats, the producer of Mulan, said that the film aims to present a character who exhibits both masculine and feminine influences, being both physically and mentally strong.

In 2008, the film was one of 50 nominees listed on the ballot for the American Film Institute's top 10 greatest American animated movies.

Disney was keen to promote Mulan to the Chinese, hoping to replicate their success with the 1994 film The Lion King, which was one of the country's highest-grossing Western films at that time. Disney also hoped it might smooth over relations with the Chinese government which had soured after the release of , a Disney-funded biography of the Dalai Lama that the Chinese government considered politically provocative. China had threatened to curtail business negotiations with Disney over that film and, as the government only accepted ten foreign films to be shown in China each year, Mulan's chances of being accepted were low. Finally, after a year's delay, the Chinese government did allow the film a limited Chinese release, but only after the Chinese New Year, so as to ensure that local films dominated the more lucrative holiday market. Box office income was low, due to both the unfavorable release date and rampant piracy. Chinese people also complained about Mulan's depiction as too foreign-looking and the story as too different from the myths.

A Windows, Macintosh, and PlayStation point-and-click adventure interactive storybook based on the film, Disney's Animated Storybook: Mulan (titled Disney's Story Studio: Mulan on PlayStation), was released on December 15, 1999. The game was developed by Media Station for computers and Revolution Software (under the name "Kids Revolution") for PlayStation. The game was met with generally positive reception and holds a 70.67% average rating at the review aggregator website GameRankings.

Walt Disney Pictures first expressed interest in a live-action adaptation of Mulan in the 2000s. Zhang Ziyi was to star in it and Chuck Russell was chosen as the director. The film was originally planned to start filming in October 2010, but was eventually canceled.

In 2015, Disney again began developing a live-action remake. Elizabeth Martin and Lauren Hynek's script treatment reportedly featured a white merchant who falls in love with Mulan, and is drawn into a central role in the country's conflict with the Huns. According to a Vanity Fair source, the spec script was only a "jumping-off point" and all main characters will in fact be Chinese. Dawn of the Planet of the Apes and Jurassic World screenwriters Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver are to rewrite Hynek and Martin's screenplay with Chris Bender, J. C. Spink and Jason Reed producing. In February 2017, it was announced that Niki Caro will direct the live-action adaptation of the 1998 animated film.

The casting process of a Chinese actress to portray the heroine began in October 2016. The film was originally scheduled to be released on November 2, 2018, but it was later taken off the release schedule with The Nutcracker and the Four Realms taking its old slot. On November 29, 2017, Liu Yifei was cast as the titular character. The film had its Hollywood premiere on March 9, 2020. Disney originally scheduled the film to be released in theaters on March 27, 2020; however, this was pushed back to July 24, and then August 21. The film's theatrical release was canceled in the United States and would instead have its premiere for a premium fee on Disney+ on September 4, 2020. It will still be released theatrically in countries where theaters have re-opened, such as China, as well as in other countries that do not have Disney+.

Donnie Yen was cast as Commander Tung, a mentor and teacher to Mulan. Following him, Jet Li joined the film as the emperor of China, Gong Li was cast as the villain, a witch, and Xana Tang was announced to play Mulan's sister. The next month, Utkarsh Ambudkar was cast as Skatch, a con artist, and Ron Yuan was cast as Sergeant Qiang, the second in command of the Imperial Regiment. In June, Yoson An was cast as Chen Honghui, "a confident and ambitious recruit" who becomes Mulan's love interest. In July, Jason Scott Lee joined the cast as Bori Khan, a secondary villain and warrior seeking revenge. In August 2018, Tzi Ma, Rosalind Chao, Cheng Pei-Pei, Nelson Lee, Jimmy Wong and Doua Moua were added to the cast.

Although Mulan isn't royalty by either birth or marriage (her husband is merely a high-ranking military officer), she is part of the Disney Princess media franchise. Mulan was the last addition to the lineup until Princess Tiana from The Princess and the Frog was added in 2009, 11 years later. In the film Lilo & Stitch, Nani has a poster of Mulan in her room. Mulan is also present in the Disney and Square Enix video game series Kingdom Hearts. In the first Kingdom Hearts and in Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, Mushu is a summonable character, and in Kingdom Hearts II, the movie is featured as a playable world named "The Land of Dragons"; in the first chapter, the film's plot is changed to accommodate the game's characters ( Sora, Donald and Goofy) and Mulan (both as herself and as "Ping") able to join the player's party as a skilled sword fighter, while the second chapter covers Organization XIII member Xigbar as a spy in black and Mulan's determination to stop him with Sora's help. Actress Jamie Chung plays a live-action version of Mulan in the second, third, and fifth seasons of the ABC television series Once Upon a Time. The video game Disney Magic Kingdoms includes some characters of the film and some attractions based on locations of the film as content to unlock for a limited time.

1. ^ Brown, Corie; Shapiro, Laura (June 8, 1998). "Women Warrior". Newsweek. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021.

2. ^ Whipp, Glenn (June 19, 1998). "'Mulan' Breaks the Mold with Girl Power; Newest Heroine Isn't Typical Disney Damsel Waiting for Her Prince to come". Los Angeles Daily News. TheFreeLibrary.com. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015.

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4. ^ Hischak, Thomas S. (2011). Disney Voice Actors: A Biographical Dictionary. McFarland. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-7864-6271-1. Archived from the original on September 24, 2014.

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6. ^ Mulan DVD Commentary (DVD). Walt Disney Home Entertainment. 2004.

7. ^ de Giere, Carol (September 8, 2008). Defying Gravity: The Creative Career of Stephen Schwartz from Godspell to Wicked. Applause Books. pp. 250-252. ISBN 978-1-557-83745-5.

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9. ^ Variety Staff (July 24, 1997). "Disney's Spade Sting-along". Variety. Archived from the original on February 8, 2015.

10. ^ "In Hollywood, the earliest 'buzz' gets the gold". Los Angeles Daily News. The Albuquerque Tribune. November 11, 1997. p. D4. Archived from the original on December 15, 2022 - via Newspapers.com.

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12. ^ "Disney to Debut Nine Classic Animated Titles on DVD for a Limited Time to Celebrate the Millennium" (Press release). Burbank, California: TheFreeLibrary. Business Wire. August 17, 1999. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016.

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15. ^ "3rd Annual Film Awards (1998)". Online Film & Television Association.

16. ^ "AFI's 10 Top 10 Nominees" (PDF). Archived from the original on July 16, 2011.

17. ^ "Disney's Story Studio: Mulan". GameSpot. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017.

18. ^ "Zhang Ziyi to produce and star in 3D Mulan film" Archived February 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Channel News Asia. July 27, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2010.

19. ^ "'Mulan': First Reactions from the Premiere". The Hollywood Reporter. March 9, 2020. Archived from the original on March 21, 2020.

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22. ^ 'Mulan' Rounds Out Cast As Filming Underway On Live-Action Movie Archived August 13, 2018, at the Wayback Machine Deadline Hollywood, Retrieved August 28, 2018

23. ^ Disney's 'Mulan' Casts Jimmy Wong & Doua Moua Archived August 14, 2018, at the Wayback Machine Deadline Hollywood, Retrieved August 28, 2018

24. "Official Kingdom Hearts Website" (SWF). February 8, 2006. Archived from the original on June 18, 2007.

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Mulan is a 1998 American animated musical adventure film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation for Walt Disney Pictures. Based on the Chinese legend of Hua Mulan, it is the 36th Disney animated feature film, and the ninth animated feature film produced and released during the Disney Renaissance.

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Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman" performed by Kerry Washington 

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Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman" performed by Kerry Washington 

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This speech, originally given by civil rights activist Sojourner Truth in 1851 at a Women's Rights Convention in Ohio, asks women to look deeper into how Black women are silenced in the women's rights conversation. Given by Kerry Washington, a political activist in the twenty first century, this speech begs the question, "How are certain people still silenced in equality conversations today?"

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Sojourner Truth’s “Ain’t I a Woman” Performed by Kerry Washington

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"Respect" by Aretha Franklin is a powerful song demanding dignity, recognition, and equal treatment for women. This song is still an anthem for female empowerment today, showing students that women who use their creative outlets to share messages about equality can still make an impact even 60 years later.

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This poem by well-known woman writer Sylvia Plath is a dark, defiant poem in which the speaker likens her repeated resurrections from death to a theatrical performance, using vivid, Holocaust-inflected imagery to confront themes of trauma, identity, and female rage. Plath brings a darker perspective to the discussion of the female experience, allowing students to see how sexism can affect one's mental health in negative ways. This poem would help students answer Essential Question #3.

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Lady Lazarus by Sylvia Plath | Poetry Foundation

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This documentary chronicles the passionate and transformative efforts of the women's liberation movement in the United States during the late 1960s and early 1970s, highlighting both its achievements and ongoing relevance. In answering Essential Question #1, we must discuss many different eras of the feminist movement, so this insight into the women who shaped feminist history in the 60s and 70s is helpful in highlighting an important time period in our history.

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A documentary that resurrects the buried history of the outrageous, often brilliant women who founded the modern women's movement from 1966 to 1971. A documentary that resurrects the buried history of the outrageous, often brilliant women who founded the modern women's movement from 1966 to 1971. A documentary that resurrects the buried history of the outrageous, often brilliant women who founded the modern women's movement from 1966 to 1971.

Videos1

An amazing documentary about the history of the movement for women's rights

This amazing documentary about the women's fight for their independence and for the reproductive rights it is a great learning about the history of feminism movement and of his implications in the current society. Using statements, videos and photos, the doc. shows to his public how have emerged the feminists organizations in the patriarchal society from 1960's. Essential questions, even in the current days, are presented in the historical and social context with seriousness and emotion by the documentary, starting from the most important point of view, of the women who fought for their rights in a time when do not there was any right for this group. Images of speeches and memorable protests builds a scenario of the reality lived for the women in the 60's decade and the courage, brilliance and intelligence of the first feminist group in the USA. Exploring the differences between the many kinds of movements existing in a fight so multiple, the Mary Dore's job explores the fundamental flags of the feminism, like the body rights, the abortion question, the financial equality and equal opportunities, the black feminism and the women's history. All of this presented dynamically, without become tiresome. The documentary brings a hope from a world more egalitarian and more free for the personal decisions, mainly for the women, in a decade where their rights are threatened around the world.

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By what name was She's Beautiful When She's Angry (2014) officially released in Canada in English?

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She's Beautiful When She's Angry (2014) - IMDb

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She's Beautiful When She's Angry: Directed by Mary Dore. With Chude Pamela Allen, Alta, Judith Arcana, Nona Willis Aronowitz. A documentary that resurrects the buried history of the outrageous, often brilliant women who founded the modern women's movement from 1966 to 1971.

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This 2011 documentary explores the under-representation of women in positions of power and influence in America, and challenges the media's limited portrayal of what it means to be a powerful woman. This documentary can be used in tandem with the UN Women study to see how representation has changed from 2011-2020 as per the documentary depiction and the visuals.

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Miss Representation (2011) ⭐ 7.5 | Documentary

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This 2013 biographical film tells the story of Black activist and author Alice Walker. Born in 1944, Walker became a world famous authorin the midst of violent racism and poverty during some of the most turbulent years of social/political changes in the U.S. Her story can be inspiring for students as they learn more about the intersectionality of racism and sexism. This can be combined with multiple works in this unit, including the research on double-pronged bias and the Little Women remixed book.

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Alice Walker: Beauty in Truth (2013) ⭐ 7.4 | Documentary, Biography, History

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"Most Americans say being a man helps a person get ahead in the U.S." - PEW Research Center

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"Most Americans say being a man helps a person get ahead in the U.S." - PEW Research Center

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This 2023 PEW Research Center study views whether Americans believe that men or women are more likely to "get ahead" in America. The overwhelming difference between people's belief in men and women showcases both sexism in America and the fact that many people have lost hope in whether equality exists in America. This would be a positive study to view to have students discuss what can be done to help women get ahead in America, too.

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Most Americans say being a man helps a person get ahead in the U.S.

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Six-in-ten U.S. adults say being a man helps a lot or a little when it comes to a person’s ability to get ahead in the U.S., compared with 14% who say it hurts

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"Double-pronged bias against black women: Sexism and racism" - American Psychological Association

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"Double-pronged bias against black women: Sexism and racism" - American Psychological Association

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This article discusses how racism and sexism create deeper, intersectional biases against black women. This can help students answer Essential Question #2 and help teachers explain intersectionality to students while exploring critical feminist studies.

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Double-pronged bias against black women: Sexism and racism (but not right-wing ideology) as unique predictors.

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At the intersection of race and gender, Black women can face multifaceted marginalization as members of two marginalized groups. Is such bias against Black women due to individual differences in racism or sexism, or are both implicated? In the present study, non-Black undergraduates at a Canadian university (N = 231) rated stereotype endorsement of Black women (“Mammy,” “Jezebel,” “Sapphire,” “Ratchet”) and their willingness to discriminate against Black women (hiring of, sublet to, voting for). Hostile sexism uniquely predicted stronger stereotype endorsement, whereas modern racism uniquely predicted greater discrimination willingness. Generalized right-wing ideology (tapping the variance shared by right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and political conservatism) was not uniquely related to the criteria. Implications in terms of group category suppression or activation, and the designing of interventions, are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

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"The feminist movement has changed drastically. Here’s what the movement looks like today" - ABC News

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"The feminist movement has changed drastically. Here’s what the movement looks like today" - ABC News

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This article from ABC News provides a look at how the feminist movement has changed over time. This article would help students answer one of the essential questions of our unit.

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The feminist movement has changed drastically. Here’s what the movement looks like today

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For Women’s History Month, ABC News spoke to feminists across the generations to discuss what defines modern feminism.