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-Demonstrate the knowledge of emotions such as sad, mad , scared and confused.
-Children at this age can explain why they are feeling how they are

-Can self-soothe, but may need adults aid to sooth them (California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)

Self-Regulation:

-Demonstrate emotions in a socially acceptable manner

-Ability to manage their emotions and actions with little adult help .

-Aware when behaving inappropriately there will be consequences (Ohio Department of Education. (2015).

Ohio's new learning standards Kindergarten through grade 3. Retrieved from http://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/Topics/Early-Learning/Early-Learning-Content-Standards/Ohios-Kindergarten-Through-Grade-3-Learning-and-D/K-3-Standards.pdf.aspx)

-Still struggle with taking turns talking or sharing during group activities (California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)

Conflict Resolution:

-May be able to resolve conflicts with friends through developing negotiation skills or with teacher intervention
-Occasionally share classroom materials (California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)

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-Children can enter cooperative play, but may first observe before playing parallel to the other children
-May ask to join play or insert a role for themselves.

-May direct others during play or may be the directed (California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)

Some stages of Play:
-Cooperative: When a child collaboratively engages with one  or more children reacting to their actions or directions
-Parallel: While not playing with other children the child plays beside another acknowledging their presence
-Onlooker: A child will observe others play without involvement

(Nilsen, B. A. (2017). Week by week: Plans for documenting children’s development (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. p. 125-126).

Ages when stage is most common/first exhibited:

Solitary- Common from ages 2 and 3, but is used by all age groups.

Onlooker- Most common between the ages of 2½ and 3½.

Parallel- Also more common in ages 2 ½ and 3 ½

Cooperative- This play begins to arise between ages 4 and 6, less common before these ages. (GEMS World Academy Chicago. (2018). Six stages of play: How young children develop their social skills. Retrieved from http://gemschicagoearlyyears.com/six-stages-of-play-how-young-children-develop-their-social-skills/)

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-Children are beginning to build friendships as they play longer and engage in more cooperative play
-Children begin to label others their "Friends" or "Best friends"
-When upset with another child they may claim they are no longer friends (California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)

-Children begin to form playmate preferences based on shared interest and gender (Nilsen, B. A. (2017). Week by week: Plans for documenting children’s development (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. p. 125).

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-Two of the older boys at the preschool where I observe are nearly polar opposites but there's rarely a time you'll find them apart. They'll sit and whisper together during quiet time, draw together, and play together in or outside. Constantly you'll hear throughout the classroom, "Hey best friend," with a shouted response of, "What best friend," and then one or the other dashing towards where one boy's playing.
-The first time I heard this was when one boy proudly showed the other his work saying, "I did it!" The slightly older boy responded with word for word, "You sure did best friend, you sure did."

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-Begin to identify the emotions of other children
-Can identify the cause of another child's emotional expression. For instance if the child was hurt or a toy was taken away.
-May offer comfort, such as a hug, to an upset child
-Likely to comfort another peer or adult if they were not involved in the situation

(California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)

-Children may begin to understand another child upset inside even if they don't say or show that they are (PBS. (n.d).

Social skills: How to help your five-year-old develop empathy. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/parents/child-development/age-5-social-skills/empathy)

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-Begin to understand and describe ways in which people are similar or different, such as eye color or capabilities for example

-Children become aware of themselves in comparison to others.

-Children will compare themselves to their peers  (California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)

-Identify gender, race, social class, ability and disability
-They begin to recognize their thoughts are their own and nobody else's (Nilsen, B. A. (2017). Week by week: Plans for documenting children’s development (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. p. 382-383).

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-Caregivers are important to a child’s development as they provide both nurture and knowledge. At this stage of development children may “test” adults or want to do things their own way.

-Children begin to follow set rules, even without an adult present, and with occasional redirection and guidance from adults. (California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 36 months (3 years) to 48 months (4 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/36-months-to-48-months/#soc-emot)

-This age groups has a need for independence and occasionally refuses to accept assistance even when needed
-Caregivers also serve as role models and assist children with exploring language to describe their emotions, promoting empathy, and teaching conflict resolution.
(California Department of Education. (2013). Information on children ages 48 months (4 years) to 60 months (5 years). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#soc-emot)

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Social-Emotional Milestones 36 to 48 Months

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Social-Emotional Milestones 36 to 48 Months

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All About Young Children. (2014, May, 15). Social-emotional development - 36 to 48 months [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JT_hTNNr6c

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Social-Emotional Development - 36 to 48 Months

# data[].attributes.headline
Social-Emotional Milestones 48 to 60 Months

# data[].attributes.subject
Social-Emotional Milestones 48 to 60 Months

# data[].attributes.body
All About Young Children. (2014, May, 15). Social-emotional development - 48 to 60 months [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xY1hDYKmfZE&t=233s

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Social-Emotional Development - 48 to 60 Months