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Serious complications
~ Swollen and painful lymph nodes
~ Bleeding into the skin and other organs
~ Abdominal pain
~ Nausea and vomiting
First Signs:
~ Headache
~ Seizures
~Muscle pain
~Weakness
~ Fever and chills
Source: www.everydayhealth.com

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Helper T cells coordinate immune responses by communicating with other cells. Some stimulate nearby B cells to produce antibody, others call microbe-gobbling cells called phagocytes, still others activate other T cells.
Killer T cells perform a different function. These cells directly attack other cells carrying certain foreign or abnormal molecules on their surfaces.
Source: www.imgt.org

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The bubonic plague infects the lymph node system and become inflamed. The lymphatic system is a major part of the body's immune system.
Source: www.medicinenet.com

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Multiple days with the untreated pathogen

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Multiple days with the untreated pathogen

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There are two main clinical forms of plague infection, bubonic and pneumonic.
Bubonic plague is the most common form and is characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes.
Source: www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/plague

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The plague is caused by a pathogen, Yersinia Pestis, a zoonotic bacteria usually found in small mammals and their fleas.
People who are infected by the Y. pestis often develop symptoms between day one and day 7 of being infected.
The plague is transmitted between animals and humans by the bite of infected fleas, direct contact with infected tissue.
Source: www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/plague

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How the Pneumonic Plague affects the Nervous System 

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How the Pneumonic Plague affects the Nervous System 

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Some researchers infected mice with the pathogen Y. pestis. Two to three days later they harvested cells from the organs where the bacteria clusters. When a Y. pestis attacks a cell it uses a needle-like-projection to inject various toxins into the cell. The researchers gave the bacteria an extra enzyme.
This allowed the scientists to to identify what cell types where being targeted by the bacteria.
Source: www.sciencedaily.co

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Immune Systems response to the Pathogens 

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Immune Systems response to the Pathogens 

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The system of a complex disease is a fight between the pathogen and the host. The host will use the immune system to fight the invading bacteria. Y. Pesits damage factors that dampen cellular responses and delivering antibody/antigen complexes to the B-cells, Macrophages, and/or Dendritic cells, therefore promoting T-cell activation.
Source: http://iai.asm.org

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~Cough, with bloody mucus
~Difficulty breathing
~Nausea and vomiting
~High fever
~Headache
~Weakness
~Chest pain
Source: www.mayoclinic.org

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The adaptive immune responses use selective and clonal expansion of the immune cells, which are T and B cells, to recognize antigens from the pathogens, providing the long-lasting immunological memory.
Source: http://iai.asm.org

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Most common places where there were reports of the Plague

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Most of the immune cells in the body are B cells and T cells, however nearly all of infected cells are Macrophages, Neutrophils, or Dendritic cells. These cells are considered to be the first to respond to the invading bacteria.
Source: www.sciencedaily.com

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Pneumonic plague effects only the lungs. While it is the least common plague it is the deadliest plague because it can be spread through coughing.
Source: www.mayoclinic.org