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Coloured Microscopic Image of Virus

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Summary

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Importance of Vaccinating

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History of Measles in the U.S.

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Rash Caused by Measles

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Threat to Unborn Children

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Diagram of the Lytic Cycle

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Picture of Measles Virus

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Measles (rubeola) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment (vaccines) & pathology

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In 1954, John F. Enders and Dr. Thomas C. Peebles obtained blood samples from various ill students during an outbreak in Boston, Massachusetts.They sought to isolate the measles virus in the student’s blood and create a measles vaccine. They succeeded in isolating measles in 13-year-old David Edmonston’s blood. Nine years later, their Edmonston-B strain of measles virus was transformed into a vaccine and licensed it in the United States. Maurice Hilleman created an improved and even weaker measles vaccine, and began to distribute it in 1968. This vaccine, known as the Edmonston-Enders strain has been the only measles vaccine used in the United States since. Measles vaccine is usually combined with mumps and rubella (MMR), or combined with mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV). The Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine is currently very effective in the prevention of this virus.  While there is no cure for measles or prescription medication to treat the virus itself, there are multiple over-the-counter medications like Acetaminophen to help levitate symptoms.

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Measles are caused by the rubeola virus, which belongs to the Paramyxovirus family.

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Many worry that the vaccination for measles may cause development of autism in children though this is not true. Herd immunity is reduced when more people are not vaccinated.

In 2015, there was a large outbreak of measles in California's popular theme park, Disneyland.

About  89 780 people were killed by measles in the year 2016.

During the years 2000-2016 the vaccine stopped the death of about 20.4 million people.

About 134,200 people die a year from measles.

The measles virus is a pathogen.

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This highly contagious virus resides in the throat mucus and nose of an infected person. It is spread via sneezing and coughing and the virus can remain in the airspace in which an infected person sneezed or coughed for up to two hours.

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Measles reproduce through the lytic cycle.

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Humans are the only natural hosts for the measles virus. As a result, global eradication of the contagious virus is an attainable future goal.

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Common signs and symptoms of the measles virus include, but are not limited to, high fever, runny nose, sore red eyes and very itchy red bumps that lasts for about seven days. The virus is most contagious for first three days. In serious cases, symptoms can include difficulty breathing, chest pain, coughing up blood, extreme fatigue, confusion and hallucinations, and fits or convulsions. During pregnancy, measles has be known to cause premature birth, miscarriage, or stillbirth. Diarrhea, vomiting, ear infections, eye infections, laryngitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, and croup, and seizures associated with fever are among many of the more common complications. Uncommon complications may include hepatitis, squint (affects the eye muscles), encephalitis, meningitis. Rare complications include vision loss, heat and nervous system problems, and, rarest of all, a brain complication known as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Infants, children with lack of proper diet and nutrients, those with weak immune systems, and those with leukemia have a higher risk of developing these complications.  Measles can cause death in serious situations.

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One of the first written account of measles was published by a Persian doctor in the 1800’s. In 1757, Francis Home, a Scottish physician, showed that measles is the result of an infectious agent in the blood of
those who are sick. John Enders and Dr. Thomas C. Peebles  created a vaccine in 1963,  and an improved vacine was created in 1968 by Maurice Hilleman.

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Morbillivirus measles virus is the official name of the virus.

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A few common names for this virus include:

Rubeola

Red measles

Measles