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Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget

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The fiscal year began on Oct. 1, 2018, and Congress has passed just five out of 12 appropriations bills setting discretionary spending levels. Lawmakers had until midnight on Dec. 21, 2018, to enact legislation to fund the programs covered by the remaining seven appropriations bills, but they allowed that funding to lapse. The federal government has now partially shut down. For more about how a partial shutdown differs, see What Happens in a Partial Government Shutdown?.

What is a government shutdown?

Many federal government agencies and programs rely on annual funding appropriations made by Congress. Every year, Congress must pass and the President must sign budget legislation for the next fiscal year (FY), consisting of 12 appropriations bills, one for each Appropriations subcommittee. When the federal government's fiscal year began October 1, Congress had enacted five of the 12 appropriations bills for FY 2019. Lawmakers have not yet passed full-year appropriations for the departments and agencies covered by the other seven appropriations bills. These programs had been running on continuing resolutions (CRs) that extend current funding levels. A partial government shutdown began after midnight on December 21, the deadline specified in the most recent CR. In a "shutdown," federal agencies must discontinue all non-essential discretionary functions until new funding legislation is passed and signed into law. Essential services continue to function, as do mandatory spending programs.

What services are affected in a shutdown and how?

Each federal agency develops its own shutdown plan, following guidance released in previous shutdowns and coordinated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The plan identifies which government activities may not continue until appropriations are restored, requiring furloughs and the halting of many agency activities. However, "essential services" - many of which are related to public safety - continue to operate, with payments covering any obligations incurred only when appropriations are enacted. In prior shutdowns, border protection, in-hospital medical care, air traffic control, law enforcement, and power grid maintenance have been among the services classified as essential, while some legislative and judicial staff have also been largely protected. Mandatory spending not subject to annual appropriations, such as for Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid, also continues. Other examples of activities that continue are those funded by permanent user fees not subject to appropriations, such as immigration services funded by visa fees.

Although many programs are exempt, the public is still likely to feel the impact of a shutdown in a number of ways. For example, in a full shutdown:

Social Security and Medicare: Checks are sent out, but benefit verification as well as the issuance of cards would cease. While unlikely to happen again, in 1996 more than 10,000 Medicare applicants were temporarily turned away every day of the shutdown.

Environmental and Food Inspection: In 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency halted site inspections to 1,200 different sites that included hazardous waste, drinking water, and chemical facilities. The Food and Drug Administration delayed almost 900 inspections.

National Parks: During the 2013 shutdown, the National Park Service turned away millions of visitors to more than 400 parks, national monuments, and other sites. The National Park Service estimated that the shutdown led to more than half a billion dollars in lost visitor spending nationwide. Many parks remained open during the one-day shutdown in 2018.

Health and Human Services: The National Institutes of Health would be prevented from admitting new patients or processing grant applications. In 2013, states were forced to front the money for formula grant programs such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (cash welfare).

Internal Revenue Service (IRS): In the event of a shutdown, the IRS, which verifies income and Social Security numbers, would again not be able to perform this service. In 2013, a backlog of 1.2 million such requests potentially delayed mortgage and other loan approvals. Billions of dollars of tax refunds were also delayed.

Is the government preparing for a shutdown?

OMB has compiled a list of the various contingency plans federal agencies will follow during a shutdown. Most have been updated within the past year, but some have not been updated since a previous shutdown threat in late 2015.

How would federal employees be affected?

An estimated 380,000 employees have been furloughed during the late 2018-early 2019 shutdown, a smaller number than usual as large federal employers such as the VA and the Department of Defense have already been funded. Another 420,000 employees will report to work during the current shutdown but not receive pay until the shutdown ends. If any future full shutdowns are handled similarly to recent ones in 2013 and 2018, which covered the entire federal government, approximately 850,000 of 2.1 million non-postal federal employees would be furloughed. In 2013, most of the 350,000 civilian employees of the Department of Defense were summoned back to work within a week. Furloughed employees would not be allowed to work and would not receive paychecks. While Congress has historically granted back pay, it is not guaranteed.

How and why do mandatory programs continue during a shutdown?

Whereas discretionary spending must be appropriated every year, mandatory spending is authorized either for multi-year periods or permanently. Thus, mandatory spending generally continues during a shutdown. However, some services associated with mandatory programs may be diminished if there is a discretionary component to their funding. For instance, during the 1996 shutdowns and the 2013 shutdown, Social Security checks continued to go out. However, staff who handled new enrollments and other services, such as changing addresses or handling requests for a new Social Security card, were initially furloughed in 1996. In 2013, certain activities were discontinued, including verifying benefits and providing new and replacement cards, but processing of benefit applications or address changes continued.

How many times has the government shut down?

Since Congress introduced the modern budget process in 1976, there have been 20 "funding gaps," including the current shutdown and the one in January 2018, when funds were not appropriated for at least one day. (An hours-long lapse in appropriations in February 2018, though sometimes characterized as a shutdown, did not result in federal employee furloughs.) However, before 1980, the government did not shut down but rather continued normal operations through six funding gaps. Since 1981, 10 funding gaps of three days or less have occurred, mostly over a weekend when government operations were only minimally affected.

There have now been four "true" shutdowns where operations were affected for more than one business day. The first two happened in the winter of 1995-1996, when President Bill Clinton and the Republican Congress were unable to agree on spending levels and shut down the government twice, for a total of 26 days. The third was in 2013 when the House and Senate standoff on funding the Affordable Care Act resulted in a 16-day shutdown. The fourth shutdown, starting in December 2018 and continuing into early 2019, centered on a dispute over border wall funding.

Does a government shutdown save money?

While estimates vary widely, evidence suggests that shutdowns tend to cost, not save, money. For one, putting contingency plans in place has a real cost. In addition, many user fees and other charges are not collected during a shutdown. Contractors sometimes include premiums in their bids to account for uncertainty in being paid. And although many federal employees are forced to be idle during a shutdown, they have historically received back pay, negating much of those potential savings. OMB official estimates of the 2013 government shutdown found that $2.5 billion in pay and benefits was paid to furloughed employees for hours not worked during the shutdown, as well as roughly $10 million in penalty interest payments and lost fee collections.

How can Congress avoid a shutdown?

There are essentially two ways to avoid a government shutdown - by passing appropriations or a continuing resolution (see below question on "What is a Continuing Resolution?"). Theoretically, the House and Senate Appropriations committees are supposed to pass 12 different appropriations bills, broken up by subject area and based on funding levels allocated in a budget resolution. Often, these bills are combined into a larger "omnibus" or "minibus" set of appropriations.

Five of the 12 appropriations bills for FY 2019 have passed both chambers and been signed by the President in the form of two minibuses, accounting for three-quarters of discretionary funding and ensuring those functions will not be at risk for shutting down until the start of FY 2020 (Oct. 1, 2019). The House and Senate have both voted on competing continuing resolutions, but none of the versions have been voted on by both chambers. For more about the status of specific appropriations bills, see Appropriations Watch: FY 2019.

What is a Continuing Resolution (CR)?

A continuing resolution temporarily funds the government in the absence of full appropriations bills, often by continuing funding levels from the prior year. Traditionally, CRs have been used to give lawmakers a short period of time to complete their work on remaining appropriations bills while keeping the government operating. CRs sometimes apply to only a few categories of spending, but they can also be used to fund all discretionary functions and can be used for an entire year.

CRs differ from normal appropriations bills in that they often "continue" the funding allocations from previous bills at the prior year's rate or through a formula based on the prior year's rate. Even when overall funding levels have differed, lawmakers have often simply scaled up all accounts by a percent change in spending rather than making individual decisions on spending accounts. However, CRs often do include certain "anomalies," where specific items are increased or decreased to work around some problems that would occur from continuing the previous year's policies, or "policy riders," specifying certain statements of policy. Colloquially, a "clean CR" does not contain policy riders or politically-motivated changes to funding levels.

How often does Congress pass CRs?

Congress frequently passes CRs when it is unable to agree on appropriations before a deadline, and occasionally multiple CRs are necessary to fund the government for an entire fiscal year. They have also sometimes been relied on during presidential transition years. In FY 2001, for instance, a series of intense congressional negotiations leading up to the 2000 elections led to a series of 10 one-day CRs. In total, Congress funded the first three months of that fiscal year with 21 continuing resolutions.

Not surprisingly, CRs have been quite prevalent recently and were used to fund the government entirely in FY 2011, when eight CRs were passed, and in FY 2013, when two CRs were passed. In FYs 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, CRs were used to fund the government for roughly a quarter of the year each. FY 2017 funding negotiations necessitated three CRs before passage of an omnibus appropriations bill in May, and FY 2018 negotiations required five CRs before passage of an omnibus in March. The most recent year when a full-year appropriations bill passed before the fiscal year began and no CRs were necessary was FY 1997.

What are the disadvantages of using CRs?

Continuing resolutions have several negative implications for the budget's overall efficiency. CRs usually continue funding at the past year's level without any regard for changing policy needs or the value of each program within an agency. Using a continuing resolution wastes hundreds of hours of careful consideration and program evaluation incorporated into each agency's budget submission. For instance, the president's budget annually proposes a list of eliminations and reductions of programs that are duplicative or ineffective; a continuing resolution will continue to fund these unwanted programs. Finally, the use of continuing resolutions disrupts activities within agencies, makes it difficult to plan or start future projects, and costs staff time to revise work plans every time the budget changes.

How is Congress addressing funding?

So far, Congress has enacted five appropriations bills covering three-quarters of discretionary funding. Specifically, a "minibus" of three bills addressing Energy & Water, the Legislative Branch, and Military Construction & VA was signed into law on September 21, and a second minibus addressing funding for the Department of Defense and the Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Departments was signed into law on September 28. This minibus included CRs to extend current funding for other federal agencies until December 21, after which the government faced a partial shutdown in the absence of appropriations or another CR.

How does a shutdown differ from a default?

In a shutdown, the government temporarily stops paying employees and contractors who perform government services, whereas in a default the list of parties not paid is much broader. In a default, the government exceeds the statutory debt limit and is unable to pay some of its creditors (or other obligations). Without enough money to pay its bills, any of its payments are at risk-including all government spending, mandatory payments, interest on our debts, and payments to U.S. bondholders. While a government shutdown would be disruptive, a government default could be disastrous. (See our Q&A: Everything You Should Know About the Debt Ceiling for more on a default.)

How does a shutdown differ from "sequestration" or "sequester"?

A government shutdown closes down non-essential government operations due to lack of funding, whereas sequester or sequestration is shorthand for the reductions in discretionary spending caps in place that constrain the total amount of funding for annually-appropriated programs.

The first example of sequestration was included in the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985. The current version of sequestration is a product of the Budget Control Act (BCA) that resolved the 2011 debt ceiling negotiations. The BCA called on a Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction (the "Super Committee") to identify at least $1.5 trillion in deficit reduction over 10 years, and it set in motion the sequester if it did not identify at least $1.2 trillion. The failure of the Super Committee triggered sequestration, causing discretionary spending caps to be automatically lowered for both defense and non-defense. Congress has never allowed the full sequester to take effect, passing partial sequester relief in 2013 and 2015 and more than fully reversing the sequester in 2018. However, sequestration-level spending caps are set to return in FY 2020. If appropriations bills violate those caps, then across-the-board cuts will be triggered.

For more information, see the following:

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Q&A: Everything You Should Know About Government Shutdowns

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The fiscal year began on Oct. 1, 2018, and Congress has passed just five out of 12 appropriations bills setting discretionary spending levels. Lawmakers had until midnight on Dec. 21, 2018, to enact legislation to fund the programs covered by the remaining seven appropriations bills, but they allowed that funding to lapse.

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negotiating an end to the government shutdown: what's plan b? - cnnpolitics

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Negotiating an end to the government shutdown: What's plan B?

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Lawmakers and aides are looking at the looming failure Thursday of competing proposals to reopen the government as the most positive thing to happen in 34 days of government shutdown morass. Yes, that's an indication of how bad things still are between the two sides, but as one GOP official put it to CNN: "We're all desperate to be optimistic about anything at this point, so I'll take it."

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Senator Ben Sasse of Nebraska on Thursday outside the Senate chamber. Measures from both Republicans and Democrats did not get enough votes to reopen the government. Credit Credit Erin Schaff for The New York Times

WASHINGTON - A Democratic plan to reopen the government without money for President Trump's border wall failed in the Senate on Thursday, sending lawmakers back to the drawing board to forge a compromise that could end the stalemate and bring about a quick resolution to a partial shutdown now nearing its sixth week.

A half dozen Republicans crossed the aisle to vote for the measure, but the tally still fell short of the 60 votes it needed to advance, 52-44. The defeated measure is similar to one the Senate approved unanimously in December, only to see Mr. Trump reject it and the House cancel a planned vote on it. Republican views in the Senate have shifted dramatically since then to reflect the president's.

The action came just after Mr. Trump's own proposal to reopen the government and devote $5.7 billion to his border wall failed on a similar near-party-line vote that underlined the depth of the divide. That measure paired wall funding with temporary legal protections for some immigrants and measures to make it more difficult to claim asylum in the United States.

The back-to-back votes illustrated the gulf between Mr. Trump and Democrats in the ongoing shutdown saga. But lawmakers and aides in both parties expressed hope that the double-barreled losses will break the logjam that has gripped Washington since the partial shutdown began Dec. 22 and force the two sides to come up with an alternative that both can support.

"Is this the beginning of the end, or is it just the end of the beginning? We shall find out," said Senator Richard Shelby, Republican of Alabama.

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Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the majority leader, arrived Thursday at the Capitol for votes on two measures to reopen the government. Credit Erin Schaff for The New York Times

House Democrats are discussing a proposal to spend as much as $5.2 billion on what they are calling a "smart wall" with drones, sensors, some additional fencing, but no wall from the Pacific to the Gulf of Mexico.

The urgency is mounting. Friday marks the second consecutive payday this month when 800,000 federal workers will miss a paycheck as a result of the shutdown.

Mr. Trump's plan was loosely modeled after an idea that was the centerpiece of quiet bipartisan talks to strike a compromise over the past several weeks to end the shutdown. Among the ideas discussed was legislation that would pair border security money with permanent legal status for Dreamers, the undocumented immigrants brought to the United States as children who stand to lose their deportation protections and work permits after Mr. Trump rescinded the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, or DACA, created by President Barack Obama in 2012.

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said she hopes Senate Republicans will vote to temporarily reopen the government while border security talks are held. Credit Credit Sarah Silbiger/The New York Times

While it included some of those components, the measure that failed on Thursday was dismissed as a nonstarter by Democratic leaders because it substantially narrowed DACA eligibility, and extends it for only three years, while making major changes to asylum law that would make it harder for migrants fleeing violence and persecution to find refuge in the United States. It would also extend three-year reprieves for those living in the United States under Temporary Protected Status - granted in times of conflict or natural disaster - who stand to be removed after Mr. Trump ended their protections.

The Democratic plan would reopen the government two weeks and provide disaster aid, allowing time for a compromise on border security spending.

House leaders have been keeping their chamber in session through the afternoon to leave room for the possibility that the Democratic measure would prevail in the Senate, and they could call a vote on it later on Thursday and send it to the White House.

Senator Susan Collins, Republican of Maine, voted Thursday in favor of both of the bills. Credit Sarah Silbiger/The New York Times

"I'm still optimistic in the goodness of the Republicans in the Senate, that they will care enough about these people that they will say, 'Ok, we'll give two weeks so that we can negotiate an evidence-based, cost-effective, value-respecting way to protect the American people with border security,' " said Speaker Nancy Pelosi of California. "That doesn't seem like a big ask."

Mr. Trump fired his explanation on Twitter: "Very simply, without a Wall it all doesn't work. Our Country has a chance to greatly reduce Crime, Human Trafficking, Gangs and Drugs. Should have been done for decades. We will not Cave!"

The House took separate action on Thursday to pass legislation to fund the Department of Homeland Security through Feb. 28, with all but five Republicans voting "no." One Democrat, freshman Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York, also voted against it because it would reopen Immigration and Customs Enforcement, which she wants closed.

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Two Competing Plans to End Shutdown Fail in the Senate

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WASHINGTON - A Democratic plan to reopen the government without money for President Trump's border wall failed in the Senate on Thursday, sending lawmakers back to the drawing board to forge a compromise that could end the stalemate and bring about a quick resolution to a partial shutdown now nearing its sixth week.

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A lot of worker are trying to work out the shutdown to end it. It makes people mad that there is no government works working.

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MY THOUGHT ON TWO Competing PLAINS QUOTES

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MY THOUGHT ON TWO Competing PLAINS QUOTES

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"A pair of measures to reopen the government — one with President Trump’s border wall, the other without it — failed in the Senate on Thursday, sending lawmakers from both parties into frenzied efforts to forge a compromise that could end the nearly six-week partial shutdown.In back-to-back votes, the Senate first blocked Mr. Trump’s proposal to add $5.7 billion for his border wall to legislation to resume funding for the government, then turned back a Democratic measure that omitted the wall. Neither side was able to garner the 60 votes needed to advance its bill.But the results undercut the president by revealing that his proposal drew less support in the Republican-controlled Senate than did the Democrats’ plan, which attracted a half-dozen Republicans willing to break with Mr. Trump. And with the shutdown reaching a grim milestone on Friday as 800,000 federal workers miss a second consecutive paycheck, pressure is mounting in both parties to find a solution. In a lunch meeting before the votes, Republican senators vented their concern to Vice President Mike Pence about the prolonged shutdown, according to two people familiar with the discussion, which grew tense at times. Senator Mitch McConnell, the majority leader, who has previously counseled against allowing government funding to lapse, was among those arguing that it should never have occurred, they said."

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The United States is inflicting long-term damage on its own government and economy, condemning thousands of Americans to needless financial despair, jeopardizing public health, undermining airport security, and preventing cancer patients from accessing much-needed medical care - because Republicans want to spend 0.11 percent of the federal budget on a border barrier that Democrats find symbolically problematic.

Given this state of affairs, it would be reasonable for a low-information voter to condemn both parties, in equal measure, for putting ideological purity above the national good. But it would be a dereliction of duty for a television journalist to do the same.

Alas, on Thursday night, CNN's Chris Cuomo did precisely that.

None of this is ok. Enough with the stunts and the letters and the bs. Do what you were ALL elected to do. POTUS and Pelosi must make a deal and vote on it. Stop making good people pay for your bad job performance. https://t.co/y3TNTOXGvb
- Christopher C. Cuomo (@ChrisCuomo) January 18, 2019

One can reasonably object to the Democratic Party's position in the shutdown fight. As indicated above, the immediate consequences of caving to Donald Trump's demands - and appropriating $5 billion for border barriers (that are fairly similar to those that Democrats have supported in the past) - are far more innocuous than the immediate consequences of allowing the president to paralyze the federal government indefinitely.

But one thing you can't do, if you consider yourself an objective and responsible political analyst, is suggest that both parties are equally responsible for the existence of the current standoff. The root cause of the shutdown was not a bipartisan failure of "job performance," but rather, the president's decision to deliberately inflict suffering on the American people, as a means of coercing a coequal branch of government into doing his bidding.

That might sound like a partisan jab. But it is plain description of political reality.

The Democratic Party's position in the shutdown fight can be summarized as follows:

During times of divided government, when two coequal branches cannot reach agreement on an issue, it is not legitimate for one branch to use its technical authority to shutter large swathes of the government as a means of forcing action on its priorities. Thus, the government should be immediately reopened while debate over the president's border wall continues.

Now, Democrats did, themselves, violate this rule almost exactly one year ago. But that does not render the rule itself illegitimate, or change the basic facts of the present situation - i.e., that one party wants to reopen the government, and conduct intra-branch diplomacy by conventional means while the other does not. There are also significant distinctions between the last shutdown and the current one. First, and most obviously, Democrats ultimately decided in 2018 that they could not justify maintaining a shutdown for longer than three days. Second, the Democrats' flirtation with hostage-taking was, itself, a response to an act of presidential hostage-taking: The Trump administration canceled an Executive branch program that protected Dreamers from deportation on grounds that multiple cou

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The 'Both Sides' Brigade Is Encouraging Trump to Take More Hostages

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The United States is inflicting long-term damage on its own government and economy, condemning thousands of Americans to needless financial despair, jeopardizing public health, undermining airport security, and preventing cancer patients from accessing much-needed medical care - because Republicans want to spend 0.11 percent of the federal budget on a border barrier that Democrats find symbolically problematic.

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Democrats reject Trump’s shutdown meeting invitation

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MY THOUGHT ON "DEMOCRATS REJECT TRUMP'S SHUTDOWN"

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MY THOUGHT ON "DEMOCRATS REJECT TRUMP'S SHUTDOWN"

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I agree that WE should reopen the government for three weeks so that government can peas it self together and get government back on track but if the government continued to stay closed we can run into a lot of problems with the government.

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MY THOUGHT ON "DEMOCRATS REJECT TRUMP'S SHUTDOWN DIRECT QUOTES"

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MY THOUGHT ON "DEMOCRATS REJECT TRUMP'S SHUTDOWN DIRECT QUOTES"

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DIRECT QUOTES "one democrat say it a mess calling trump's attempt a shutdown and go after the government shutdown and try to end the shutdown but not even one decorate showed up." says CNN.

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The Government Shutdown Faces Lawsuits Over 'Involuntary Servitude'

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MY THOUGHT ON "THE GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN FACES LAWSUT". 

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MY THOUGHT ON "THE GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN FACES LAWSUT". 

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WHY are government works not being paid to do there job and lots of FBI and air traffic are not getting paid ether and the workers are lawsuiting the government.

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MY THOUGHT ON "THE GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN FACES LAWSUT DIRECT QUOTES". 

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MY THOUGHT ON "THE GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN FACES LAWSUT DIRECT QUOTES". 

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DIRECT QUOTES:" ONE LAWSUT SAYS THAT IT IS VAILATING THE 13 AMENDMENT THAT THE ONE THAT OUT LAWS SLAVERY AND SERVITUDE". SAYS CNBC

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"The United States is inflicting long-term damage on its own government and economy, condemning thousands of Americans to needless financial despair, jeopardizing public health, undermining airport security, and preventing cancer patients from accessing much-needed medical care — because Republicans want to spend 0.11 percent of the federal budget on a border barrier that Democrats find symbolically problematic."

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MY THOUGHT ON "NEGOTIATING AN END TO THE GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN"

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MY THOUGHT ON "NEGOTIATING AN END TO THE GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN"

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Why dose the government need to be shutdown for the wall to me I think it is silly that the government had to shutdown they should leave it open with that being said people are getting angry with the government.

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MY THOUGHT ON "NEGOTIATING AN END TO THE GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN DIRECT QUOTES"

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MY THOUGHT ON "NEGOTIATING AN END TO THE GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN DIRECT QUOTES"

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DIRECT QUOTES "The Senate is set to vote on two proposals Thursday one that gives President Donald Trump funding for his border wall and also includes temporary protections for some immigrants covered under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals and Temporary Protected Status, disaster aid funding and all seven unpassed appropriations bills agreed to by the bipartisan House/Senate conference. The second is the House-passed bill that would reopen the federal government through early February, plus $12.1 billion in disaster aid."

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The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimates that the longest-running government shutdown in U.S. history came at a price. It cost the economy $11 billion, with $3 billion that will never be recovered, according to a report released Monday.

For the fourth quarter of 2018, the CBO estimated real gross domestic product was reduced by $3 billion compared to what it would have been. The level of real GDP for the first quarter of 2019 is estimated to be $8 billion lower, due to a combination of the partial government shutdown delaying approximately $18 billion in federal spending, suspending services for federal workers and a reduction in demand lowering output in the private sector.

"Risks to the economy were becoming increasingly significant as the shutdown continued," the report read. "Although their precise effects on economic output are uncertain, the negative effects of such factors would have become increasingly important if the partial shutdown had extended beyond five weeks."

Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images, FILE

While CBO anticipates a majority of the lost real GDP will be recovered, about $3 billion will not be. That's about 0.02 percent of the projected annual GDP in 2019, according to the report.

"Among those who experienced the largest and most direct negative effects are federal workers who faced delayed compensation and private-sector entities that lost business," the report said. "Some of those private-sector entities will never recoup that lost income."

In the wake of the report's release, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer called for an end to President Donald Trump's shutdowns.

"As the dust settles from the Trump Shutdown, it is clear as day that the president's temper tantrum caused serious and lasting damage to our nation's economy," Schumer said in a statement. "If President Trump didn't appreciate the error of his ways after seeing the human suffering his needless shutdown caused, maybe the extensive economic damage he inflicted will set the president straight: No more Trump Shutdowns."

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said Trump should "swiftly sign" legislation to prevent another shutdown.

"The President's shutdown inflicted needless pain and chaos in the lives of millions of Americans and stole billions of dollars from the economy. Workers' financial security, families' well-being and America's economic strength all were senselessly sacrificed because of President Trump's callousness," Pelosi said in a statement. "Families across the nation are still trying to recover from a month of missing paychecks and overdue bills, but the President is already threatening a second shutdown if he doesn't get his way."

In the first on-camera White House press briefing in 41 days, Larry Kudlow, director of the National Economic Council, disputed the CBO's report, saying the economy is "very strong" and that "there's certainly no permanent damage to the economy."

"In a $20 trillion economy, it's awfully hard to make even the best guesstimates of those kinds of small fractions of numbers. That's what you're looking at here. Let's see how it rolls out," Kudlow said. When pressed what effects another government shutdown may have on the economy, Kudlow said he did not want to speculate.

CBO's report analyzing the shutdown's effects came just days after the financial rating agency Standard & Poor's analyzed the cost of the partial government shutdown on the economy and found it added up to at least $6 billion -- more expensive than the $5.7 billion Trump wanted for the border wall.

AP

About 800,000 federal workers were furloughed or required to work without pay during the historic shutdown. On Friday, Trump signed legislation to reopen the government for three weeks, until Feb. 15.

"The weekly compensation costs for workers at agencies that were without an appropriation totaled roughly $1.8 billion, or about 40 percent of total compensation for federal workers," the report said.

Trump said federal employees, who were on track to miss their second paycheck Friday, would receive back pay "very quickly, or as soon as possible. It'll happen fast."

Justin Lane/EPA via Shutterstock, FILE

Not only will compensation be affected, but so will tax revenues, CBO predicts.

"...As a result of some reduced activities by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that are meant to ensure taxpayers' compliance with tax law, CBO estimates that tax revenues will be roughly $2 billion lower in fiscal year 2019 because of the shutdown," the report said.

The CBO said uncertainty surrounded its report, particularly regarding the shutdown's effects on federal compensation, due -- in part -- to the fact that the number of furloughed federal workers fluctuated over the course of the shutdown.

If the shutdown had stretched longer than five weeks, it may have further diminished consumer spending because of interruptions to federal assistance programs, like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, known as SNAP, the report said. Food stamp recipients received full benefits for February amid the shutdown.

"Although CBO did not observe a significant drop-off in grants, subsidies, or other payments made to individuals during the five-week shutdown, a longer shutdown would probably have disrupted those payments," the report said.

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united states congressional budget office

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Shutdown cost economy $11B, report estimates

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The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimates that the longest-running government shutdown in U.S. history came at a price. It cost the economy $11 billion, with $3 billion that will never be recovered, according to a report released Monday.

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The government should not be shutdown it is hurting the economy not helping it. It is costing the economy $11 billion. It make people mad and upset that they are not getting paid to do there jobs and people will not work for no payed.

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"The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimates that the longest-running government shutdown in U.S. history came at a price. It cost the economy $11 billion, with $3 billion that will never be recovered, according to a report released Monday"

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IT is damaging the government and people are not getting paid to do there jobs.

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1.How is the government shutdown affecting Lebanon?

The Federal Government shutdown had a very limited effect on Lebanon. Our biggest issue was the shutdown of the Environmental Protection Agency. There are a few grant projects that we were working with the EPA on but it did not cause any challenges. It’s possible that some residents were affected by the Transportation Security Administration staffing shortages while traveling or if they are TSA employees.

2. How is the government shutdown affecting business in town?

I did not hear any feedback from businesses that it was impacting their business.

3. What are some ways that people can help out?

There are no local programs relating to the government shutdown assistance that I am aware of.

4.How is the government shutdown affecting you?

The government shutdown did not affect me in any noticeable way.

5. If the government shutdown again what will happen to Lebanon?

It would depend on the scope and size of the shutdown. We work with the Federal Government on various topics, but they are not directly involved with the City of Lebanon Government from a day to day perspective.

6. what will Lebanon do stay on track?

The City of Lebanon is self-sufficient and is not directly impacted during Federal Government shutdowns.