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A country or territory all under the temporary or permanent political control of another country, usually a distant country, occupied by settlers from that country.

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In 1488 he was the first one to sailed around Africa's southernmost tip, and later set up the route from Europe to Asia. Bartolomeu Dias is the first European to anchor in what is now South Africa during the Age of Discovery.

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A theory on how the universe was created.

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a type of movement by humans that will require them to use both feet or limbs.

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A period in pre-human history, where stone tools developed. This period was ruled by Hominini; a large group of primates that include gorrilas, and/or human beings.

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Humans in a society that gain all or almost all of their food by hunting. This does not include agriculture, as this was not discovered until later.

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A reason for a matter of discussion

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A new method, idea, or a better and updated version of an invention.

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A person who does not have a permanent place to stay, and they travel from place to place for civilization or food. Usually Nomads are in groups.

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land capable of being plowed and used to grow crops.

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An area or country that is controlled fully or partially by another area or country.

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A form of government in which a group of people that is representing a dynasty.

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the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices.

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a small group of people having control of a country, or an area.

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A pure form of democracy in which people decide on policy capability directly. This is different from the majority of currently established democracies, which are representative democracies.

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The Delian League, or Confederacy of Delos, was the name used for the confederation of Greek states under the 'leadership' of Athens.

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the perfect manifestation of classical Greek society on the battlefield. Made up of middle-class men who had day jobs, the phalanx was made to decide a war in a single bloody struggle.

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A very powerful and influential nation.

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A murderer of an important person, usually as a surprise, for religious or political reasons.

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Someone who joins the military for their country in order to earn money.

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Where the value of money goes down, and an item goes up.

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The peace which existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire

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An extensive group of countries that are under a single supreme authority.

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A change in global or regional weather patterns.

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A large bag made of strong material such as burlap and thick paper.

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A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different.

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A period during European history in which the rome empire and Constantinople falled in the west.

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The bishop of Rome, as the head of the Roman Catholic Church.

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The first emperor of the roman empire, he was known as 'Charles the great'. He became king of the Franks, which is a germanic tribe (in present day belgium, france, and Luxemborg.)

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any of the Scandinavian pirates and traders who raided and settled in many parts of northwestern Europe in the 8th through 11th centuries.

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Feudalism was a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that consisted between the 9th and 15th centuries.

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belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status.

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widespread respect and/or admiration felt for someone or something on the basis of a perception of their accomplishments, achievements, and quality.

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an agricultural laborer (not a slave), that is under the feudalism system to work on his lord's estate or land.

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Manorial-ism or the Manor System is an important role in the feudal society. It was the organizing principle of rural economy that originated in the Roman villa system of the Late Roman Empire and was widely practiced in medieval western and parts of central Europe as well as China.

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A knight is a man granted an honorary title of knighthood by a bishop or other political or religious leader for service to the monarch or a Christian church, especially in a military capacity.

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A large building, typically of the medieval period, fortified against attack with thick walls, battlements, towers, and in many cases a moat.

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the act or process of surrounding and attacking a fortified place in such a way as to isolate it from help and supplies, for the purpose of lessening the resistance of the defenders and thereby making capture possible.

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the faith, practice, and church order of the Roman Catholic Church.

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The founder of Islam, he was considered a prophet, that was sent to the present and confirm the monotheistic teachings previously told by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.

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the sacred text of Islam, divided into 114 chapters, it was revered as the word of God, dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel, and accepted as the foundation of Islamic law, religion, culture, and politics.

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Muslim or Islamic law, both civil and criminal justice as well as regulating individual conduct both personal and moral.

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is an Arabic word which literally means striving or struggling, especially with a praiseworthy aim.

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A group of people with somewhat different religious beliefs (typically regarded as heretical) from those of a larger group to which they belong.

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type from which text is printed directly in which each character is on a separate piece of metal.

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an explosive consisting of a powdered mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal. The earliest known explosive, gunpowder has now largely been replace by high explosives, although it is still used for quarry blasting and in fuses and fireworks.

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A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

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A social organization based on livestock raising as the primary economic activity.

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A member of any of a group of traditionally pastoral peoples of Mongolia.

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The Eurasian Steppe, additionally called the Great Steppe or the steppes, is the prodigious steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrub-lands biome.

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Тувинские_просторы

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a group of close-knit and interrelated families.

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Founder and first emperor of the Mongol Empire. Genghis Khan was the founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia.

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Hit-and-run tactics is a tactical doctrine where the purport of the combat involved is not to seize control of territory; instead, flexible noncommittal assailments are acclimated to inflict damage on a target and immediately exit the area to evade the enemy's bulwark and/or retaliation.

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an antediluvian caravan route that linked Xian in central China with the eastern Mediterranean. It was established during the period of Roman rule in Europe and took its name from the silk that was brought to the west from China.

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The former name of Istanbul from ad 330 (when it was given its name by Constantine the Great) until the early 20th century.

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The vocation, activity, or adeptness of managing international cognations, typically by a country's representatives abroad.

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The body of Roman law that was codified and promulgated under Justinian I.

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combustible compound emitted by a flame-throwing weapon and used to set light to enemy ships. It was first utilized by the Greeks besieged in Constantinople (673–78). It ignited on contact with Dihydrogen monoxide, and was probably predicated on naphtha and quicklime.

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This system divided the Byzantine Empire into different districts that were each led by a general, they were created so that the military could respond quickly to attacks, also peasants who joined the army were given plots of land, thereby increasing the free peasant class.

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he breach between the Eastern and the Western Churches, traditionally dated to 1054 and becoming final in 1472.

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The most common form of plague in humans, characterized by fever, delirium, and the formation of buboes.

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A member of the Turkish infantry forming the Sultan's guard between the 14th and 19th centuries.

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a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government

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The purchase or sale of priestly rights, like forgiveness or benefits.

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Officially excluding someone from participating in the Christian Church's priesthood and services/excluding them from going to heaven.

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One tenth of the annual income or salary, formerly taken as a Church and Clergy Support Tax.

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From 12 March 1088 until his death in 1099, Pope Urban II, born Odo of Chatillon or Otho de Lagery, was Pope. Urban II was a French native. In Chatillon sur Marne, he was an ancestor of a noble family.

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the attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena.

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Saladin (1138 - 1193) was a political and military Muslim leader who led Islamic forces during the Crusades as a sultan (or leader). At the Battle of Hattin in 1187, Saladin's greatest triumph over the European Crusaders came.

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The series of military campaigns that reclaimed control of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors by Christian armies, beginning in the eighth century and ultimately resulting in Granada's fall in 1492.

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Catholic monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile developed the Spanish Inquisition in 1478. It was designed to preserve Catholic ideology in their kingdoms and replace the Medieval Inquisition under Pope's control.

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The Renaissance is a period in the history of Europe that covers the period between the 14th and 17th centuries and marks the changeover from the Middle Ages to modernity.

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An instructional institution dedicated to teaching, evaluating or even both, students in many branches of advanced studies, grant degrees in different senses, and and and and and and and and and and and and often incorporate colleges and similar institutions.

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Language or dialect spoken in a given country or region by ordinary people.

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The three - field system is a crop rotation scheme used in Early Modern and Medieval Europe. Crop rotation is the practice of growing a number of different crop types in the same area during sequential seasons.

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A medieval artisan or merchant association, often with considerable power.

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The Commercial Revolution was a period of European economic expansion, colonialism and mercantilism that lasted until around the 13th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The Industrialization succeeded this in the mid-18th century.

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The Agricultural Revolution was a time of technological advancement and improved productivity of crops that took place in Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries.

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Use of biological or microorganism toxins as weapons of war.

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A person who, as a religious discipline or for sexual gratification, subjects himself or others to flaggings.

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A longbow is a kind of large bow, about the same height as the user, which enables the Archer to draw for a fairly long time. There is no recurrence of a longbow. Its extremities are rather narrow, so that in cross sections they are circular or d shaped.

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Agreement between Spain and Portugal to settle disputes over newly discovered or explored lands by Christopher Columbus and other travelers of the late 15th century.

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The Colombian exchange, also known as the Colombian interchange, named after Christopher Columbus, was the widespread transmission of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, as well as the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries.

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An act, declaration or gift intended to express gratitude, respect or admiration.

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Hernan Cortes was a Spanish Conquistador who, in the early 16th century, conducted an expedition that resulted in the fall of the Aztec Empire.

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a natural object or animal that is thought to have spiritual importance by a particular society and which is taken as an emblem by it.

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a battle between Great Britain, Prussia, andAustria, France and Russia in the mid 18th century. The victory for Prussia and Britain increased their power greatly.

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Faith in profitable trade benefits.

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A regional trading system in which a country, through export to another, pays for its imports from one country.

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An African fly that bites people and other mammals, causing sleeping sickness and Nagana.

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A medieval African reign in the southern parts of Mauritania, Senegal, and now East Senegal. Probably founded in the 8th century AD, it prospered on the trans - Saharan caravan routes because of its location.

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Plants, inanimate objects and natural phenomena have the attribution of a soul.

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In the 14th century, Mansa Musa was a Malian Emperor. In 1307 he was made emperor. Mansa was Sundiata Keita's great nephew, who was the empire's founder. He's renowned for his wealth and Hajj.

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The middle passage is the part of trade in which Africans are transported across the Atlantic to the west Indians, densely packed with ships.

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Joan of Arc is the hero of France who was canonized as the Roman Catholic St. for the Lancastrians during the Hundred Years ' War.

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Identifying and supporting one's own nation, especially for the exclusion or detriment of other nations ' interests.

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A printing press is a mechanical tool for applying pressure on an incoming surface that rests on a print media and thus transfers the ink.

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A view or a system of thinking that gives human rather than divine or supernatural matters prime importance. Humanistic beliefs emphasize human beings potential value and goodness, highlight human needs and seek only rational solutions for human problems.