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This domain contains organisms that are unicellular, prokaryotic, and either an autotroph or heterotroph. They live in extreme environments, like volcanic vents, boiling mud around volcanoes, hot springs, and the bottom of the sea.
One Kingdom: Archaeabacteria
Organism example: Sulfolobus islandicus

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(Extra Credit)

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This domain contains Prokaryotic cells that are unicellular, and either an autotroph or heterotroph.
One Kingdom: Eubacteria
There are 33 phyla:
Acidobacteria- This phylum contains organisms that tend to live in soil.
Aquificae-  This phylum has bacteria that live in harsh environments like archaea.
Actinobacteria- This bacteria can be found in terrestrial areas and aquatic areas.
Armatimonadetes- This phylum has a slight linkage to Human Genome.
Bacteroidetes- This bacteria is linked to diseases that are obligate anaerobe.
Balneolaeota- This phylum contain bacteria that have something to do with nucleotides and proteins.
Caldiserica- This phylum contains bacteria that is connected to the 16s rRNA.
Calditrichaeota- This bacteria phylum is isolated from hydrothermal vents
Chlamydiae- This is a terrible bacteria, it causes STDs.
Chlorobi- This phylum contains the green sulfur bacteria.
Chloroflexi- This phylum contains bacteria that is aerobic.
Chrysiogenetes- This bacteria phylum uses chemical genes to obtain its energy through rocks.
Cyanobacteria- Also known as blue green bacteria, they go through photosynthesis.
Deferribacteres- This phylum contains bacteria that can metabolize iron.
Deinococcus-Thermus- The bacteria in this phylum are able to survive in very hazardous environments.
Dictyoglomi- These bacteria live in extremely high temperatures. They get their energy from organic molecules.
Elusimicrobia- This bacteria can be found in a variety of places like sewage sludge.

Fibrobacteres- This bacteria is what does the degradation in plant based cellulose.
Firmicutes- This bacteria phylum has a gram positive cell wall structure.
Fusobacteria- This bacteria doesn't require oxygen, it is obligate anaerobic.
Gemmatimonadetes- The bacteria in this phylum make up about 2% of soil.
Kiritimatiellaeota- These bacteria are anaerobic.
Lentisphaerae- These bacteria can be found in marine sediment.
Nitrospira or Nitrospirae- These play a key role in the Nitrogen Cycle.
Planctomycetes or Planctobacteria- The bacteria in this phylum have a lost or reduced wall.
Proteobacteria- This bacteria includes pathogens like salmonella.
Rhodothermaeota- The bacteria are very important in environmental and gut microbiology.
Spirochaetes or Spirochaetae- These bacteria have spiral shaped cells.
Synergistetes- In this phylum these bacteria produce hydrogen gas.
Tenericutes- These bacteria are part of a normal healthy microbiome.
Thermodesulfobacteria- These bacteria are extreme thermophilic.
Thermotogae- There is a sheath structure that surrounds each cell in this phylum.
Verrucomicrobia- This phylum contains the bacteria that is found in human feces.
Comes in 3 shapes:
* rod shaped: bacilli
* round shaped: cocci
* spiral shaped: sprilla
Organism example: Escherichia Coli

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Acidobacteria:
“Acidobacteria.” NeuroImage, Academic Press, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/acidobacteria.
Balneolaeota:
“Balneolaeota.” Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports., U.S. National Library of Medicine, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/?term=Balneolaeota.
Caldiserica:
Types and Background of Coastal Erosion - MarineSpecies Introduced Traits Wiki, www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=564158.
Calditrichaeota:
Marshall, Ian P. G., et al. “The Novel Bacterial Phylum Calditrichaeota Is Diverse, Widespread and Abundant in Marine Sediments and Has the Capacity to Degrade Detrital Proteins.” The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Wiley-Blackwell, 27 June 2017, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1758-2229.12544.
Chlamydiae:
“Chlamydiae.” NeuroImage, Academic Press, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/chlamydiae.
Chlorobi:
Hiras, Jennifer, et al. “Refining the Phylum Chlorobi by Resolving the Phylogeny and Metabolic Potential of the Representative of a Deeply Branching, Uncultivated Lineage.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 1 Sept. 2015, www.nature.com/articles/ismej2015158.
Chloroflexi:
Hanada, Satoshi. “The Phylum Chloroflexi, the Family Chloroflexaceae, and the Related Phototrophic Families Oscillochloridaceae and Roseiflexaceae.” SpringerLink, Springer, 1 Jan. 1970, link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-642-38954-2_165.
Chrysiogenetes:
The Indo European Diaspora, www.corzakinteractive.com/classification-earth-life/0312.htm.
Cyanobacteria:
Introduction to the Aquifoliaceae, www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/cyanointro.html.
Deferribacteres:
Alauzet, Corentine, and Estelle Jumas-Bilak. “The Phylum Deferribacteres and the Genus Caldithrix.” SpringerLink, Springer, 1 Jan. 1970, link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-642-38954-2_162.
Deinococcus-Thermus:
“Deinococcus–Thermus Group.” Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0021151.html.
Dictyoglomi:
“Dictyoglomus Thermophilum.” Staphylococcus - Microbewiki, microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Dictyoglomus_thermophilum.
Elusimicrobia:
“A Whiff of Taxonomy – The Phylum Elusimicrobia.” Small Things Considered, schaechter.asmblog.org/schaechter/2013/05/a-whiff-of-taxonomy-the-phylum-elusimicrobia.html.
Fibrobacteres:
Revolvy, LLC. “‘Fibrobacteres’ on Revolvy.com.” Trivia Quizzes, www.revolvy.com/page/Fibrobacteres.
Firmicutes:
“Firmicutes.” NeuroImage, Academic Press, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/firmicutes.
Fusobacteria:
“Fusobacterium.” NeuroImage, Academic Press, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/fusobacterium.
Gemmatimonadetes:
DeBruyn, Jennifer M., et al. “Global Biogeography and Quantitative Seasonal Dynamics of Gemmatimonadetes in Soil.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, 1 Sept. 2011, aem.asm.org/content/77/17/6295.
Kiritimatiellaeota:
Fcohan. “Fcohan.” Cohan Lab, 1 Apr. 2017, cohanlab.research.wesleyan.edu/2017/04/01/kiritimatiellaeota-a-case-of-identity/.
Lentisphaerae:
“Lentisphaerae.” Ship Ahoy - Wiktionary, en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Lentisphaerae.
Bacteroidetes:
“Bacteroides.” NeuroImage, Academic Press, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/bacteroides.
Armatimonadetes:
Hu, Zi-Ye, et al. “The First Complete Genome Sequence of the Class Fimbriimonadia in the Phylum Armatimonadetes.” PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0100794.
Actinobacteria:
“Actinobacteria.” Encyclopedia of Life, eol.org/pages/7861.
Aquificae:
Gupta, Radhey S. “The Phylum Aquificae.” SpringerLink, Springer, 1 Jan. 1970, link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-642-38954-2_119.
Volcanic Vents:
Joanita, joanita-joanita.blogspot.com/2006/10/vulces-fumarolas-energia-calorfica.html.
Hot spring photo:
“Tracking the Viruses of Yellowstone's Acidic Hot Springs.” D-Brief, 11 Dec. 2015, blogs.discovermagazine.com/the-extremo-files/2015/12/11/tracking-the-viruses-of-yellowstones-acidic-hot-springs/#.W_ly3ehKjIU.
Bottom of the Sea:
“Prokaryote Classification and Diversity.” Khan Academy, Khan Academy, www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/bacteria-archaea/prokaryote-metabolism-ecology/a/prokaryote-classification-and-diversity.
Escherichia Coli Photo:
Team, BioCote. “Five Facts about E. Coli | BioCote Ltd.” BioCote, BioCote, 27 July 2016, www.biocote.com/blog/five-facts-e-coli/.
Plant Plyla:
“BIOLOGY EXAM 12 Phyla of Plants.” Quizlet, quizlet.com/5697905/biology-exam-12-phyla-of-plants-flash-cards/.
Cladogram Help:
Infoplease, Infoplease, www.infoplease.com/science-health/life-science/plant-kingdom.
Cryptomycota:
“Ecological Potentials of Species of Rozella (Cryptomycota).” NeuroImage, Academic Press, 4 July 2012, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1754504812000827.
Pseudofungi:
Revolvy, LLC. “‘Pseudofungi’ on Revolvy.com.” Trivia Quizzes, www.revolvy.com/page/Pseudofungi.
Sulfolobus islandicus photo:
“Sulfolobus.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Apr. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfolobus.
Dasyatis Centroura Photo:
Animals, A-Z. “Stingray.” A-Z Animals - Animal Facts, Pictures and Resources, 10 Sept. 2018, a-z-animals.com/animals/stingray/.
Zygomycota:
“Page: Tree of Life Zygomycota. Microscopic 'Pin' or 'Sugar' Molds.” Tree of Life Web Project, tolweb.org/Zygomycota.
Neocallimastigomycota:        Gruninger, et al. “Anaerobic Fungi (Phylum Neocallimastigomycota ): Advances in Understanding Their Taxonomy, Life Cycle, Ecology, Role and Biotechnological Potential.” OUP Academic, Oxford University Press, 1 Oct. 2014, academic.oup.com/femsec/article/90/1/1/2680424.
Dichotomous Key Animal Names:
Animals, A-Z. “A To Z of Animals by Scientific Name.” A-Z Animals - Animal Facts, Pictures and Resources, 25 Nov. 2018, a-z-animals.com/animals/scientific/.
Virus Life Cycle Picture:
“Lysogenic and Lyctic Cycles.” MICROBIOLOGY, 288492023293355225.weebly.com/lysogenic-and-lyctic-cycles.html.
Robert Koch's Experiment Photo:
“Koch's Postulates.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Sept. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch%27s_postulates.
Iris Versicolor Photo:
“Amandasgarden | Product Page.” Amanda's Garden, www.amandasnativeplants.com/product-page/iris-versicolor-blue-flag-iris.

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There are two ways a virus survives, one way is the Lytic Cycle. (Rucker)
1. virus enters the cell (Rucker)
2. makes copies of itself (Rucker)
3. cause the cell to bust or lyse (Rucker)
The other way is the Lysogenic Cycle: (Rucker)
1. virus enters the cell (Rucker)
2. injects its DNA or RNA into the hosts DNA as a prophage and lays dormant for a period of time (Rucker)
3. makes a copy of itself (Rucker)
4. causes the cell to bust or lyse (Rucker)

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This kingdom contains organisms that are multicelluar, heterotrophic, eukaryotic, and don't have a cell wall. Something that separates this kingdom is vertebrates and invertebrates. A vertebrates has a backbone and invertebrates don't have backbones. (Rucker)
There are 9 major Animalia phylum:
Porifera- this phylum contains very simple organisms, sponges. They don't have any tissues, organs, mouth, or guts. (Rucker)
Cnidaria- the organism in this phylum have something called radial. There are stinging tentacles located around the mouth. (Rucker)
Platyhelminthes- this phylum is another very simple phylum, worms. Some of these worms are parasites others free living. (Rucker)
Nematoda- this phylum are a little similar to the Platyhelminthes, except theses worms have two openings.
Annelids- you see these worms very often, earthworms. They have complex segmented bodies. (Rucker)
Mollusca- in this phylum the organisms are soft bodied and usually have a hard shell. (Rucker)
Arthropoda- this phylum has organisms that are joined by jointed appendages.
Echinodermata- in this phylum the organism have radial symmetry and an internal skeleton. (Rucker)
Chordata- these organism are vertebrates that are in segments called vertebrae.
Organism Example: Dasyatis Centroura.

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This kingdom contains organisms that are eukaryotic, autotrophic, and multicellular. There are two types: Vascular, which has specialize tubes for transport of water, and Non-Vascular, which do not have specialized tubes. (Rucker)
There are 12 phyla:

Hepatophyta- This phylum contains the plants that are Liverworts. These plants are non-vascular.

Anthocerophyta- In this phylum the plants are Hornworts. Which shares a few common characteristics to liverworts.

Bryophyta- You see the plants that are in this phylum everyday, Mosses.
Pteridophyta- This phylum contains the plants called Ferns. The way ferns reproduce is through spores.
Lycophyta- According to some, this phylum may be one of the oldest groups of vascular plants.
Sphenophyta- In this phylum, there are the weird little plants called Horsetails. These plants are common to ferns in the fact that they reproduce through spores.
Psilophyta- This phylum is a little in common to the Pteridophyta phylum, Whisk ferns. They share common characteristics.
Ginkgophyta- This phylum has a funny name that matches the plants that follow under its phylum, Ginkoes. These plants have fan shaped leaves.
Coniferophyta- This phylum contains the plants that drop pine cones, Conifers.
Gnetophyta- Under this phylum there are plants called gnetophytes. These have common characteristics to the flowering plants, like pollination.
Cycadophyta- In this phylum there are plants called cycads. These are kinda like palm trees, with a semi similar appearance.
Anthophyta- This is probably the most common phylum, flowering plants.
Organism Example: iris versicolor.

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They aren't classified by their own kingdom because they are not considered cellular-alive. (Rucker) They have a core of DNA/RNA and are surrounded by a protein coat called capsid. (Rucker) They depend on other cells to survive. (Rucker)
Viruses are different from other organisms because they aren't alive and they aren't eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
They are similar because they have to adapt to their "host" organisms like how live organisms have to adapt to their surroundings. Also, viruses are composed of proteins like how other organisms cells are.
Viruses have many shapes, a few include helical,  enveloped, complex, and polyhedral.

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All are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and most are decomposers others parasites. An exception is lichens which are a mixture of fungi and cyanobacteria or algae. (Rucker)
There are 8 phyla:
Ascomycota (Sac Fungi)-This gets its name from the sac like structure that it has.
Basidiomycota- This phylum has something called hyphae, which are filamentous branches important for structure.
Chytridiomycota- This phylum has a special thing called zoospores. What that means is that it has a flagella.
Zygomycota- This fungi is something that you have most likely seen before. It is what grows on fruits that are high in sugars.
Neocallimastigomycota- This phylum live in the digestive system of mammals that are herbivores.
Microsporidia- This phylum contains fungi that are parasitic. They were once considered to be protozoa, but now fall under the fungi category.
Cryptomycota (rozellida)- This phylum is kind of strange, because the fungi here lack something called the chitinous cell wall. This cell wall is what is important for the trophic stage of a fungus life.
Pseudofungi- This phylum of fungi falls under another category called Heterokontimycotina. We are able to call it fungi because it has hyphae, which is a common trait of fungi.
Organism Example: Boletus edulis

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All are eukaryotic and either multicellular or unicellular organisms that share characteristics of plants and animals. The 4 phyla are classified by their means of locomotion (movement). (Rucker)
Phylum Ciliphora: (Rucker)
*Move with hair like structures called cillia
Phylum Sporozoa: (Rucker)
*Don't move at all
*The main type is plasmodium which causes malaria
Phylum Sacodina: (Rucker)
*Move by movement of cytoplasm (pseudopida)
Phylum Euglenophyta: (Rucker)
*Move by flagella, a tail like structure
*Autotrophic (have chloroplast)
Organism example: Amoeba Proteus

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This domain contains 4 kingdoms: Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, & Protista
All the kingdoms range differently, but they are all in common by the fact that they are all Eukaryotes.

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*Lots of information came from notes:
Rucker, Simon. Taxonomy Notes. canvas.instructure.com/courses/1234908/files/71311391?module_item_id=20851937.
Archea Organism & Information:
YourDictionary. “Archaebacteria Examples.” YourDictionary, 9 June 2016, examples.yourdictionary.com/archaebacteria-examples.html.
Robert Koch Photo:
“Navigation and Service.” RKI - RKI-Ratgeber - Toxoplasmose, www.rki.de/EN/Content/Institute/History/rk_node_en.html
Robert Koch Information:
“The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905.” Nobelprize.org, www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1905/koch/biographical/.
Bacteria Shapes:

Bacteria Shapes, mrdoctor.org/bacteria-shapes/.

Amoeba Proteus Picture:
“Amoeba Proteus.” KLM Bio Scientific, labsuppliesusa.com/product/amoeba-proteus-l0001-jar/.
Ascomycota:
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Ascomycota.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 21 Dec. 2017, www.britannica.com/science/Ascomycota.
Hyphae Definition:
Editors. “Hyphae - Definition, Function and Structure.” Biology Dictionary, Biology Dictionary, 22 Jan. 2018, biologydictionary.net/hyphae/.
Basidiomycota:
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Basidiomycota.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 20 Dec. 2017, www.britannica.com/science/Basidiomycota.
Virus Shapes:
Schroeder, Monica. “Virus Shapes, Illustration by Monica Schroeder.” Fine Art America, fineartamerica.com/featured/virus-shapes-illustration-monica-schroeder.html.
Chytridomycota:
“THE CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA.” How Fungi Are Constructed, website.nbm-mnb.ca/mycologywebpages/NaturalHistoryOfFungi/Chytridiomycota.html.
Robert Koch's Experiment:
“Science Museum. Brought to Life: Exploring the History of Medicine.” Joseph Lister (1827-1912), broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/robertkoch.
Dichotomous Key Animal Names:
Animals, A-Z. “A To Z of Animals by Scientific Name.” A-Z Animals - Animal Facts, Pictures and Resources, 25 Nov. 2018, a-z-animals.com/animals/scientific/.
Virus Life Cycle Picture:
“Lysogenic and Lyctic Cycles.” MICROBIOLOGY, 288492023293355225.weebly.com/lysogenic-and-lyctic-cycles.html.
Robert Koch's Experiment Photo:
“Koch's Postulates.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Sept. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch%27s_postulates.
Iris Versicolor Photo:
“Amandasgarden | Product Page.” Amanda's Garden, www.amandasnativeplants.com/product-page/iris-versicolor-blue-flag-iris.
Bacteria Phyla:
Parte, A.C. “Title.” Microbacterium, www.bacterio.net/-classifphyla.html.
Nitrospira or Nitrospirae:
Planctomycetes or Planctobacteria:
Proteobacteria:
Rhodothermaeota:
Spirochaetes or Spirochaetae:
Synergistetes:
Tenericutes:
Thermodesulfobacteria:
Thermotogae:
Verrucomicrobia:
“Verrucomicrobia.” NeuroImage, Academic Press, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/verrucomicrobia.

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Robert Koch's experiment was built onto of the work of Pasteur. The experiment that he did helped him be able to prove what was causing Anthrax. What he did was extract the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis, from a sheep that died of anthrax. After he did that he took the bacterium and then injected it into a mouse. After doing this same thing over a period of 20 generations, he was able to logistically prove that Bacillus anthracis was the cause of anthrax.

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He was a German microbiologist who spent most of his time studying anthrax as well as tuberculosis and cholera. He was eventually able to identify the primary cause of these viruses.

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He was a Swedish botanist that developed a two-word naming system called "Binomial Nomenclature". (Rucker)  It gives the genus and species name written in italics and usually Latin. (Rucker) They go in 8 levels called taxa. Domain>Kingdom> Phylum>Class>Order> Family>Genus>Species. (Rucker)

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The action or process of classifying something according to shared quantities or characteristics. (Rucker)