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A relative of a witness during the massacre describes what her great grandmother experienced when the attack happened. -sam

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Arapaho tribe Indians-sam

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Cheyenne tribe Indians-sam

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map of where the attack took place in Colorado along where some of the treaties were signed. -sam

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When and Where did the massacre take place?-sam

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When and Where did the massacre take place?-sam

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November 29, 1864 in Sand Creek Colorado.

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Who was involved in the Sand Creek Massacre?-sam

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Who was involved in the Sand Creek Massacre?-sam

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Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians and the US army volunteers during the American Indian war.

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On November 29, 1864 a calvary unit from the US army attacked the village of Cheyenne and Arapaho settlers on the bank of Sand Creek Colorado. The massacre was one of the worst acts committed by the United States in the American Indian war.

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Black Kettle, the leader of the Cheyenne tribe. -sam

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The battle ground of the massacre is now a national historic site in Colorado-sam

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The Cheyenne and Arapaho were a peaceful village but they had longstanding conflicts with the US. The people of Cheyenne and Arapaho were forced to relocate many times due to immigrants wanting to profit from the nearby gold rush.  The main reason for the massacre was the long conflict of who controlled the Great Plains of eastern Colorado. In the Fort Laramie treaty of 1851 gave ownership of the area north of the Arkansas river to the Nebraska border to the Cheyenne and Arapaho. By the end of 1861 many Euro-American miners would cross the region looking for gold in the rocky mountains which created pressure on the resources and made tension between the Indians and the new settlers. On Feb 8 1861 Black Kettle and some Arapaho leaders accepted a new settlement with the federal government. The Indians gave up most of their land but kept a 600 square mile reservation and annuity payments. The delegation believed that the hostilities would affect their bargaining power. In the decentralized part of the tribes Black Kettle and his delegates only represented part of the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes, many people did not agree with the new agreement. During the civil war tensions grew between the Natives and the Anglos, in June 1864 the governor of the Colorado territory John Evans attempted to isolate the uncooperative natives. In August of 1864 Black Kettle met with Evans and other chiefs to forge new peace and all parties left satisfied. Black Kettle moved his band to Fort Lyon and was encouraged by the commanding officer to hunt in Sand Creek which is now considered a act of treachery. Chivington (leader of the troops) moved his men to the Plains and then attacked the unsuspecting Natives on November 29.

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A scene drawn of the massacre by a eye witness named Howling Wolf.-sam

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could the massacre have been prevented?-sam

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could the massacre have been prevented?-sam

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In my opinion the massacre could not have been prevented because it was a surprise attack against the natives. The natives didn't know about the attack so they couldn't prepare or try to fix the problems the US had with them.

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The significance of the sand creek massacre to the American Indian War in general is that this massacre wasn't uncommon compared to the other wars throughout the Great Plains. Sand Creek was part of those reservations involved that also contained gold which lead to forceful treaties being created between tribes and the military in order for the Americans to gain access to the rich land

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What were the results/outcomes of the event?-Jakob

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What were the results/outcomes of the event?-Jakob

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After the massacre there was 148 Black Kettle followers dead, and 9 soldiers dead. Even after Black Kettle surrendered and made a truce with the U.S. army to set camp outside of Fort Lyon as a friendly establishment. Yet later on the Colorado Frontier volunteers returned along with John M. Chivington and mutilated substantially more natives(mostly women and children) even after surrender. The terrible things committed by these soldiers were eventually condemned after circumstances emerged. John M. Chivington(the leader of the troops) resigned from the military and abandoned his political career. Black Kettle(leader of tribe) survived and continued his peace efforts, and eventually was given reservation land in 1865.

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"Sand Creek massacre." History.com. 13 Nov. 2009. A&E Television Networks. 12 Mar. 2019 <https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sand-creek-massacre>.

National Geographic Society. "Sand Creek Massacre." National Geographic Society. 20 Oct. 2014. 12 Mar. 2019 <https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/nov29/sand-creek-massacre/>.

Garcia, Belinda V. "RETURN OF THE BONES Sand Creek Massacre." YouTube. 07 May 2012. YouTube. 12 Mar. 2019 <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s68dJVGNWrk>.