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An important characteristic of each string is its length, which is the number of characters in it. The length can be any natural number (i.e., zero or any positive integer). A particularly useful string for some programming applications is the empty string, which is a string containing no characters and thus having a length of zero. A substring is any contiguous sequence of characters in a string.

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In computer science a string is any finite sequence of characters (i.e., letters, numerals, symbols and punctuation marks).

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my $myvariable = "Computer Hope";
print "There is hope, $myvariable";

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v ariables are used to store information to be referenced and manipulated in a computer program. They also provide a way of labeling data with a descriptive name, so our programs can be understood more clearly by the reader and ourselves. It is helpful to think of variables as containers that hold information.

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When you assign a variable, you use the = symbol. The name of the variable goes on the left and the value you want to store in the variable goes on the right.

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data item that may take on more than one value during the runtime of a program

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An algorithm is a fancy to-do list for a computer. Algorithms take in zero or more inputs and give back one or more outputs. A recipe is a good example of an algorithm because it tells you what you need to do step by step. It takes inputs (ingredients) and produces an output (the completed dish).

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Sorting and Trees. Hash tables for keyed lookups are one of the most common data structures in use and the underlying algorithms that manage them are used in a huge swath of software.

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In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for calculations. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and automated reasoning.

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An algorithm in principle is simply a series of instructions that are followed step by step to solve some problem or do something useful. They have an input which goes through a series of computations, and finally produces an output. One could even say a cooking recipe is an algorithm (indeed this analogy is sometimes mentioned to CS students to intoduce them to the topic). Algorithms are often visually represented using flowcharts: