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Accidental drug overdose is currently the leading cause of death in the United States for those under 50. Drug overdose deaths now exceed those attributable to firearms, car accidents, homicides, or HIV/AIDS. More people died from a drug overdose in 2016 alone than died in the entire Vietnam War.

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Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

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Frequently Asked Questions - What is SAMHSA’s National Helpline?

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Per the CDC, the 5 most common drugs involved in overdose deaths are:

1. Fentanyl. Fentanyl and fentanyl analogs such as carfentanil led to 19,413 deaths in 2016. Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is 50 to 100 times stronger than morphine. It is commonly substituted for or mixed with heroin without the user's knowledge. Users who think they are taking heroin overdose because the drug is much stronger.2,3

2. Prescription pain relievers. These drugs, which include medications such as OxyContin, Vicodin, and Percocet, led to 19,354 deaths in 2016. From 2002 to 2011 there was a 1.9-fold increase in the total number of deaths from these drugs. But the rate has remained relatively stable since then.²

3. Heroin. Heroin overdoses led to 15,469 deaths in 2016. People who abuse prescription opioids often switch to heroin because it is cheaper and easier to obtain. One study found that nearly 80% of heroin users reported using prescription opioids prior to heroin.2,4

4. Cocaine. Cocaine led to 10,375 deaths in 2016 (up from 6,784 in 2015). Many cocaine overdoses involve other drugs. For example, in 2016, 7,263 cocaine overdoses involved cocaine and an opioid. Fentanyl has been increasingly mixed with cocaine and contributed to the rise in cocaine-related overdoses.1,2

5. Methamphetamine. There were 7,542 methamphetamine overdoses in 2016. Meth overdoses also tend to involve other drugs. In 2016, 3,416 meth overdoses involved any type of opioid and 1,042 involved a synthetic narcotic.2,5

Honorable Mentions

Benzodiazepines. In 2016, there were 10,684 benzodiazepine drug overdose deaths. It is unusual for people to die from a benzodiazepine overdose alone, and a large portion of these overdoses included other drugs. For example, that year there were 9,233 benzodiazepine overdoses that involved any type of opioid and 3,308 that involved a synthetic narcotic. From 2002 to 2016 there was a 8-fold increase in the total number of deaths from benzodiazepines.²

Antidepressants. Thousands of people overdose on antidepressants each year. In 2016, there were 4,812 overdose deaths from antidepressants. A total of 2,960 of these overdoses involved any type of opioid.²

Eastern States Tend to Have Highest Overdose Rates

A CDC analysis of 2016 overdose deaths found that overdose death rates are increasing, and they are often higher in states east of the Mississippi River.

The age-adjusted rate of drug overdose deaths in 2016 (19.8 per 100,000) was 21% higher than the rate in 2015 (16.3).

Among people aged 15 and over, adults aged 25-34, 35-44, and 45-54 had the highest drug overdose death rates at around 35 per 100,000.

The states with the highest drug overdose death rates were West Virginia (52.0 per 100,000), Ohio (39.1), New Hampshire (39.0), the District of Columbia (38.8), and Pennsylvania (37.9).⁶

If you or someone you know is abusing drugs, consider seeking help. There are several different types of treatment programs that can accommodate different budgets and preferences. Treatment can help you or your loved one avoid the harm of addiction and get back to living the life you love.

Sources

[1]. Katz, J. (2017). Drug Deaths in America Are Rising Faster Than Ever. The New York Times.

[2]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). Overdose Death Rates.

[3]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2016). Fentanyl.

[4]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). Prescription opioid use is a risk factor for heroin use.

[5]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). Methamphetamine.

[6]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States, 1999-2016.

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Top 5 Drugs People Overdose On - Desert Hope

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Per the CDC, the 5 most common drugs involved in overdose deaths are: Fentanyl. Fentanyl and fentanyl analogs such as carfentanil led to 19,413 deaths in 2016. Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is 50 to 100 times stronger than morphine. It is commonly substituted for or mixed with heroin without the user's knowledge.

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NIDA. (2018, June 8). Heroin. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin

​Research Reports

This series of reports simplifies the science of research findings for the educated lay public, legislators, educational groups, and practitioners. The series reports on research findings of national interest.

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Overdose is a dangerous and deadly consequence of heroin use. A large dose of heroin depresses heart rate and breathing to such an extent that a user cannot survive without medical help. Naloxone (e.g., Narcan®) is an opioid receptor antagonist medication that can eliminate all signs of opioid intoxication to reverse an opioid overdose.

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SOURCES:

American Medical Association: "AMA Adopts New Policies at Annual Meeting."

CDC: "Prescription painkiller overdoses at epidemic levels."

FDA: "FDA moves quickly to approve easy-to-use nasal spray to treat opioid overdose."

Journal of Emergency Medical Services: "Debate Grows Over Public Administration of Narcan."

National Institute on Drug Abuse: "Overdose Death Rates" and "What is the scope of heroin use in the United States?"

NIH Medline Plus: "Naloxone Injection."

Overdose Prevention Alliance: "OD Prevention Program Locator."

Partnership for a Drug-Free America: "Heroin Overdose Antidote Naloxone Becoming More Widely Available."

Anne Roach, Media Relations Manager, Massachusetts Dept. of Public Health.

StopOverdose.org:"Naloxone (Narcan ®): Frequently Asked Questions," "Review: Overdose and Good Samaritan Law."

Trust for America's Health: "Prescription Drug Abuse: Strategies to Stop the Epidemic."

University at Buffalo Research Institute on Addictions: "RIA Reaching Out to Others: The Growing Peril of Heroin."

U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: "Opioid Overdose Toolkit: Safety Advice for Patients and Family Members" and "Results from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings."

White House Office of National Drug Control Policy: "5 Things to Know About Opioid Overdoses."

The Network for Public Health Law.

Medscape.

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SOURCES: American Medical Association: "AMA Adopts New Policies at Annual Meeting." CDC: "Prescription painkiller overdoses at epidemic levels." FDA: "FDA moves quickly to approve easy-to-use nasal spray to treat opioid overdose." Journal of Emergency Medical Services: "Debate Grows Over Public Administration of Narcan."

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We recently reported that teens' use of most illegal drugs is at an all-time low. In fact, teens' use of opioids, tobacco, and alcohol is at the lowest level it's been since 1975, the year that NIDA started the Monitoring the Future survey. That's very good news.

But another recent statistic about teens and drugs isn't good at all: More teens in the United States are overdosing on drugs than ever before-and more of them are dying as a result.
A fatal turn
Beginning in 2015, the number of teen overdose deaths began increasing. After dropping for a few years, it went up to 3.7 deaths for every 100,000 teens. That translates into a total of 772 teen overdose deaths in 2015 (the most recent year for which data are available).

What caused this change? Most teen overdoses in 2015 were related to two drugs: the opioid heroin and synthetic opioids like fentanyl. These are dangerous drugs that slow down a person's breathing and can make them stop breathing altogether-causing a fatal overdose.

Only a tiny amount of fentanyl is needed to make a person "high," so a lot of drug dealers are adding it to other drugs. As a result, many teens don't even know what's in the drugs they're taking.

Just one teen overdose is too many. Take good care of your health.

In 2016, there was in teen overdose deaths: 873 teens died of drug overdoses, a rate of 4.1 deaths for every 100,000 teens.

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Teen Drug Use Is Down-But Teen Overdoses Are Up

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We recently reported that teens' use of most illegal drugs is at an all-time low. In fact, teens' use of opioids, tobacco, and alcohol is at the lowest level it's been since 1975, the year that NIDA started the Monitoring the Future survey. That's very good news.

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Substance overdose is the leading cause of accidental death in the U.S. Even when a person survives an overdose, the event can cause devastating lifelong effects. The prevalence of overdose is skyrocketing among American teens, and parents need to be aware of the dangers.

Get help now

What is an Overdose?

An overdose occurs when a teen uses an excessive amount of a substance, to the point that it overwhelms their body. Some overdoses are mild and may only result in temporary discomfort (such as a hangover after an alcohol overdose), but severe overdoses can lead to permanent brain damage and even death.

Teens can overdose on a single substance or multiple substances simultaneously. When mind-altering substances are combined, the effects of each substance can grow even more pronounced, making an overdose more likely. For example, if a teen abuses alcohol (a depressant) and also abuses Adderall (a stimulant) at the same time, they are subject to a wider variety of risks.

How Much Alcohol Does It Take to Overdose?

The answer to this question is based heavily on the user's age, weight, biological sex, current medications and physiological makeup. These factors determine Blood Alcohol Content (BAC). Generally speaking, if a person's BAC reaches near .18%, they are likely experiencing an alcohol overdose. For a 100-pound teen girl, that BAC might mean that she had five drinks over a course of five hours.

How Many Pills Does It Take to Overdose?

Pill abuse is common among teens. Thus, there is not a formula for pill overdose the way that there is for alcohol overdose. Several factors are involved: the contents and size of each pill, the physical makeup of the user, as well as any other substances or medications the user may be taking at the time. That said, a teen could potentially experience overdose after taking just a single pill of a certain kind.

Teenage Drug Overdose Statistics

In 2015, researchers reported that overdoses are skyrocketing among American adolescents. Teens are particularly at risk for overdose because they tend to take bigger risks and don't know their limits.

Did You Know...

Though teen boys are more likely than girls to die of an overdose, the gender gap is closing.

Each year, drug overdoses kill more than car accidents, guns and falls combined.

Research shows that 50% of teens believe that prescription drugs are significantly safer than street drugs. However, out of all substances of abuse, prescription drugs cause the most overdose deaths in teenagers.

Depressant, antidepressant and opioid abuse lead to more overdose deaths than cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine and amphetamine use combined.

Symptoms of a Drug Overdose

Overdose looks different from drug to drug, but there are a few common symptoms that are often present across the board.

Signs of a severe drug overdose can include:

Lack of coordination

Slurred speech

Semi-consciousness or unconsciousness

Nausea and vomiting

Seizures

Breathing difficulties

Gurgling or snoring during sleep

If your child is showing signs of an overdose, immediately contact 911 emergency personnel, who will know what to do if someone overdoses on pills, alcohol or another substance.

Popular Drugs Among Teens

Although teens abuse and overdose on many of the same substances as adults, young people tend to gravitate towards certain drugs.

"On a Monday in September of 2003, I had a life-changing knock on my door. My heart dropped as I heard the words that my son - my handsome, sensitive, funny, talented, smart son - died from an "accidental prescription drug overdose." -Real Parent, The Medicine Abuse Project

Alcohol

Alcohol is the most widely abused substance among teens. Although any use of alcohol by underage drinkers is abuse, research indicates that teenagers binge drink more than legal drinkers. Adolescents ingest an average of five alcoholic beverages per drinking session.

Prescription Drugs

A recent Monitoring the Future National Results on Adolescent Drug Use showed that the most commonly abused prescription drugs are as follows: amphetamines (including study aid drugs like Adderall), painkillers (particularly opioids like Vicodin and OxyContin, which cause at least half of all drug overdose deaths), cough medicine, sedatives and finally, tranquilizers. This list is not exhaustive; teens abuse many more prescription drugs.

Illicit Drugs

The same Monitoring the Future study indicated the following as the most commonly abused illicit drugs by teens: marijuana, synthetic marijuana, hallucinogens and ecstasy. (Salvia abuse was also shown to be a regarding adolescents.) Again, there are many additional illicit drugs that are commonly abused by teenagers.

Does Your Child Need Addiction Treatment?

If your teen has experienced an overdose or if you have seen signs of addiction in your child, it is time to take action. The sooner you find help for your child, the easier it will be for them to resolve this issue.

It can be isolating to worry about your teen's substance use, especially since society shames addiction. But we at TheRecoveryVillage.com want you to know that you're not alone - are here for you during this tough time. Whether you just need someone to talk to, would like to hear about some treatment options, or are interested in pursuing rehab for your teenager, we are here to help guide you. We dedicate our time to helping teens recover from addiction, and helping to encourage their families along the way.

Take the first step towards bringing your child back to wellness - call us to talk to one of our compassionate addiction experts today.

Is your teen struggling with a co-occurring disorder?

Talk to one of our addiction specialists and get the necessary care your child needs to get their life back on track.
Get help now

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Your family's journey to recovery is just beginning

Talk to an experienced recovery advisor today.

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Substance overdose is the leading cause of accidental death in the U.S. Even when a person survives an overdose, the event can cause devastating lifelong effects. The prevalence of overdose is skyrocketing among American teens, and parents need to be aware of the dangers.

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Overdose Death Rates | National Institute on Drug Abuse

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The U.S. government does not track death rates for every drug. However, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collects information on deaths involving many of the more commonly used drugs available through 2020 at a searchable database, ca…

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Signs of Drug Overdose and What to Do if the Situation Occurs

You may have experienced a drug overdose or know someone who has. An overdose is actually a brain injury resulting from lack of adequate oxygen flow. In most cases, overdoses are not intentional. You may not think that recreational drug use will lead to an overdose, but it can happen to anyone who is using drugs, anytime they use.

Every time you use a drug, you are carrying the risk of serious side effects or overdose. Overdoses can happen with all types of drugs including cocaine, heroin, alcohol, etc. Accidental overdoses occur when users consume too large of an amount of either prescription medication or illegal drugs. Intentional overdoses are typically a result of someone trying to commit suicide. The losses that families and loved ones experience when an addict overdoses are huge and traumatic.

Signs that someone is experiencing a drug overdose include rapid heartbeat and increased body temperature, chest pain, dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, cessation of breath, gurgling sounds which may red flag that a person's airway is blocked, blue fingers or lips, nausea, vomiting, confusion, violent behavior, aggression, dizziness, seizures and unconsciousness.

A person may not experience all of these signs, but even a few of these symptoms can indicate a person is experiencing an overdose. If you are present when someone is experiencing an overdose, the first and most important thing is that you remain calm. Panicking will not help. Then, check if the person is breathing and note their heart rate. Call 911 immediately, and try to get the person to respond. Ask them questions to determine their level of alertness and to calmly keep them awake. If the person is not breathing, turn them on their side. If you are medically qualified to do so, provide CPR if necessary. Give first aid as directed by 911 as you wait for help to arrive, and never allow the person to take any more of a substance in the meantime. If a person is overdosing on opioids and there is NARCAN available, follow the instructions and administer the nasal spray. NARCAN, however, should not be used in lieu of professional medical care, and it is important that a person still receive emergency services even if they "wake up" after receiving the medication. They are still at risk for respiratory failure and professional care is necessary. While waiting for emergency services to arrive, obtain as much information as possible, including the dose, time of last dose and type of drug the person used, so that first responders can treat him or her accordingly. If prescription medications or other labeled substances have been used, take the container with you to the ER, even if the bottle is empty. Assure the person that help is on the way and continue to stay calm.

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Signs of Drug Overdose and What to Do if the Situation Occurs - Banyan Treatment Center

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You may have experienced a drug overdose or know someone who has. An overdose is actually a brain injury resulting from lack of adequate oxygen flow. In most cases, overdoses are not intentional. You may not think that recreational drug use will lead to an overdose, but it can happen to anyone who is using drugs, anytime they use.

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Know the Signs of a Drug Overdose - Axis Residential Treatment

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If a family member or friend has developed a drug problem that is reeling into addiction, it may be time to know the signs of a drug overdose, just in case of emergency. It is knowledge that could save a life.

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What is an Overdose?

An overdose can occur after someone consumes a toxic level of a substance (or multiple substances) and the effects of this interfere with their brain and body's ability to function properly. ¹ Drug overdose can be fatal; however, when it isn't, overdose-related toxicity can result in several negative short-term and long-term health consequences. ¹

Overdose symptoms can vary and sometimes it is hard to differentiate between relatively less severe side effects of a drug and the symptoms of a life-threatening overdose. A wide range of drugs can cause overdose, including: ²

Symptoms of an Overdose

The symptoms of an overdose can vary widely depending on which substance, or substances, someone used. With certain substance types, such as opioids, the signs and symptoms of an overdose may be somewhat distinct from or otherwise reflect a dangerous progression of the short-term effects of the drug. ¹ In such instances, developments such as becoming unresponsive to stimulation or having markedly slowed or stopped breathing could be specific red flags that may indicate an overdose rather than merely intoxication or being high.

Potential signs and symptoms of an alcohol overdose include: ³

Marked mental confusion or stupor.

Difficulty remaining conscious (or being completely unconscious).

Lack of responsiveness, or being unable to be roused or woken up by others.

Seizures.

Vomiting (particularly dangerous given the potential for diminished gag reflex).

Slowed or irregular breathing.

Heart rate that slows or stops.

Very low body temperature.

Pale or blue-tinged, clammy skin.

Potential signs and symptoms of an opioid overdose include: 4,5

Loss of consciousness.

Markedly constricted or pinpoint pupils.

Breathing difficulties (slowed, labored, and/or irregular breathing).

Respiratory arrest (completely stopped breathing).

Choking, gurgling, or snoring sounds.

Blue or purple lips or fingertips.

Being unresponsive to loud noises, shaking, or painful stimuli.

Potential signs and symptoms of benzodiazepine overdose include: 6,7

Profoundly impaired mental status.

Marked confusion.

Slurred speech.

Slowed, labored breathing or respiratory arrest.

Coma.

Potential signs and symptoms of stimulant overdose include: ⁸

Dangerously increased body temperature.

Hyperventilation or rapid breathing.

Rapid or irregular heartbeat.

Very high blood pressure.

Devastating cardiovascular events (e.g., stroke, heart attack, circulatory compromise).

Panic.

Hallucinations.

Paranoia and other features of psychosis.

Aggressive behavior.

Seizures and convulsions.

Keep in mind that some overdoses can result from mixing two or more dangerous substances, such as those mentioned above. Substance combinations such as methamphetamine and cocaine, alcohol and benzodiazepines, heroin and benzodiazepines, and others, can result in additive effects that compound the individual dangers of each drug. Benzodiazepine-related overdoses, for example, often also involve misused prescription or illicit opioids. ⁶ If you are concerned that someone is experiencing an overdose, call 911 immediately and remain with the person until help arrives.

Risks and Causes of Overdose

There are factors that can increase the risk of an overdose. Some of these factors include: 9,10

Low drug tolerance or having experienced a reduction in tolerance to the drugs being used, which can increase the likelihood of an overdose if the substance is particularly potent or taken in large amounts. Sometimes people who have spent time in jail, in a treatment center, or who have been abstinent for a long time run the risk of significantly reducing their tolerance levels.

How someone ingests the substance. For example, intravenous routes of use may be associated with an increased overdose risk.

Mental health issues. Depression may be associated with an increased number of both fatal and non-fatal overdoses. The presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or psychotic disorders may also increase an individual's risk of overdose.

Not knowing the strength or purity of illicit substances. The substance (or substances) that someone uses may be cut with other substances, and it is impossible to accurately dose with illicit substances since they aren't regulated the way prescription drugs are, making the risk of overdose much higher.

Mixing drugs or taking multiple drugs at the same time. This can increase or mask the effects of substances and increase the likelihood of experiencing an overdose.

The presence of health issues. Certain health issues, such as cardiovascular issues, can exacerbate effects and increase the danger during an overdose. In addition, some prescribed medications can interact with substances that are misused.

Using alone can increase the danger associated with an overdose, since no one will be with the person using to address symptoms of overdose if they appear.

What to do if Someone is Overdosing

If you know or suspect that you or someone else is experiencing an overdose, there are some things that you can do to help: ⁴

First, call 911. Explain to the operator that someone is overdosing and tell them the substance(s) that this person took, if you know what they were. If the person is unresponsive and/or not breathing, they will give you instructions and walk you through what to do, which may include cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and rescue breathing.

If you suspect that the person has overdosed on opioids, administering Narcan (naloxone ) can often reverse the overdose and save a person's life. It will have no effect if there aren't opioids in the person's system. If the person experiencing a suspected overdose does not respond within 2 to 3 minutes after being given naloxone, a second dose should be given. In some instances, the life-saving effects of naloxone can wear off while opioids are still in the system, so it is important to have the person who is overdosing assessed by a medical professional as soon as possible-even if they receive Narcan.

Stay with the person until help arrives.

Flumazenil is a medication that can reverse benzodiazepine overdoses; however, unlike with naloxone, the clinical decision to use the medication will need to be relatively carefully considered given some of the risks of using it. For example, in some instances of marked physical dependence to benzodiazepines, administration of flumazenil can sometimes result in severe withdrawal seizures. ¹¹

Overdoses and Good Samaritan Laws

Some people may be afraid to call 911 and report an overdose because they think that they can get in trouble for doing so. However, Good Samaritan laws have been enacted in much of the United States to protect people from legal consequences if they call 911 to help someone who is experiencing an overdose. 12,13 These laws were enacted to save lives by encouraging more people to call 911 in the event of an overdose. ¹²

If a person calls 911 to obtain help for an overdose, Good Samaritan laws protect them from being persecuted on drug-related offenses. 12,13 Nearly all U.S. states have Good Samaritan laws, except Kansas, Texas, and Wyoming, although they offer protection for people administering naloxone. 12,13

It is always better to err on the side of caution in the event of a possible overdose. Always call 911 if you think someone is experiencing an overdose. You could save that person's life or prevent them from experiencing lasting negative symptoms.

Overdose Statistics

Overdose statistics are tracked throughout the United States, and statistics show that: ¹⁶

In 2021, more than 100,000 people died from an overdose.

The majority of these deaths involved synthetic opioids (primarily fentanyl), which accounted for 70,601 deaths in 2021.

In 2021, 53,495 overdose deaths involved stimulants such as cocaine and psychostimulants (primarily methamphetamine).

Prescription opioids were involved in 16,706 overdose deaths in 2021.

Heroin was involved in 9,173 overdose deaths in 2021.

Nearly 70% of heroin-involved overdose deaths also involved synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl.

In 2021, 24,486 overdose deaths involved cocaine.

Benzodiazepines were involved in more than 12,499 overdose deaths in 2021. The majority of these deaths also involved opioids.

In 2021, 69% of overdoses occurred among males.

Overdose Treatment and Outlook

The treatment for an overdose depends on how severe the overdose is and what substances the person has taken. ¹ Outlook and recovery from overdoses also depends on what actions medical staff took to reverse the overdose and stabilize the person. After medical professionals manage an overdose, it is strongly recommended to follow up with a primary care physician. A primary care physician can assess the person for potential long-term damage, evaluate them for a substance use disorder, and help them determine a substance use treatment plan, whether this is in outpatient or inpatient rehab treatment center. ⁴

With early intervention and the proper medical support, many overdoses can be reversed and many patients can return to life as functioning adults. However, medical professionals must take a variety of factors into consideration to provide the best medical support for each patient who overdoses, including chronic medical conditions that may be impacted by the overdose. ¹⁵

Treatment for Substance Use Disorders

After someone receives treatment for an overdose, their physician may recommend that they follow up with substance use treatment. American Addiction Centers (AAC) offers substance use disorder treatment and treatment for co-occurring disorders at each of our rehab centers across the United States. To learn more about our programs and how they can help you recover from substance use issues, call

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Drug Overdose Symptoms, Risks & Treatment

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There's a risk of overdose when drugs or alcohol are misused or taken in large amounts. Severe symptoms without intervention can lead to death.

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We mostly see drug overdose in the late 20's or 30's, its mostly affected by stress or depression or even peer pressure. once you do It theres no turning back and its hard to stop because your mind is playing a trick on you, its telling you that its helping you with depression and stress when really? its just killing you. Get help, find someone to talk to.

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"Drug overdose begins with the hope that something "out there" can instantly fill up the emptiness inside"

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"don't let the past steal your present"