# data[].attributes.body
ipconfig - Dsiplays IP config info
(ipconfig/all, ipconfig/release, ipconfig/renew)

ping - Test connections to other IP hosts

netstat - Displays network connections

tracert - Displays the route taken ti the destination

nslookup - Directly queries the name server for info on a destination domain.

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Hearing - Electrical issues and proper cooling of fans and disk drives.

Sight - Vision to see not properly connected or poorly made cables.

Smell - Smell burning insulation.

Touch - Feeling overheated components and detect mechanical problems.

# data[].attributes.body
Substitution Approach

Assumed hardware part or config file. If hardware related then it's a TCP/IP network access layer problem. Software or a config problem could be at any layer of the TCP/IP model.

# data[].attributes.body
Trial and Error approach

Troubleshooting with random educated guesses that relies on the troubleshooters own experience and knowledge to find the solution.

# data[].attributes.body
Top down approach. Begins at the application layer.

Application, Presentation, Session
Transport                                      I
Network                                        I
Data Link                                      I
Physical                                       V

# data[].attributes.body
The problem

What has been done to make it appear

How to correct and prevent it

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1. The nature of the problem
2. End-user experience
3. Equipment info
4.Topology
5. Previous attempted troubleshooting steps and results

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Divide and conquer approach. Begins at one of the middle layers and works up or down from there.

Application, Presentation, Session
Transport                                      ^
Network                                        ^v
Data Link                                      ^v
Physical                                        V

# data[].attributes.body
Bottom-Up approach. Begins at the physical layer and work up.

Application, Presentation, Session
Transport                                      ^
Network                                        I
Data Link                                      I
Physical                                        I