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Thomas Edison dropped out of school in 1859 to work on the railroad. He became an apprentice telegrapher in 1863, later on developing his own, more efficient telegraph in 1869. He created the phonograph in 1877, which "which recorded sound as indentations on a sheet of paraffin-coated paper". In 188o, Edison created the lightbulb, using carbonized bamboo to replace his previous model with platinum filament. This made it the first long lasting, affordable light bulb. Edison promoted electricity to the citizens of New York in 1882, providing them with power and later forming his company, General Electric, in 1889.
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After creating the first air brake system, George Westinghouse began to research the electrical systems being introduced around the world. While the Direct Current system was being used in the US, the AC system was being tested in Europe. In 1885, Westinghouse altered and  perfected the transformer and developed a constant voltage AC generator. George later founded the Westinghouse Electric Company in 1886.
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The typewriter was invented by Christopher Sholes in 1867. The device allowed people to type on the keyboard, without being able to see exactly what was transferred onto the page with ink. The keyboard was said to have an "up-strike" setup, each letter pressed swung a bar upwards to transfer the ink effectively. This typewriter was the first to be commercially successful, and the patent was sold for 12,000 dollars. The invention of the typewriter not only made print and written information much easier to be spread, but it also helped women have a role viewed as important in the American workforce. Out of all the typists in the country, roughly 81% were female, gaining them respect and credibility in the eyes of society.

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In 1884, George Eastman patented the first practical roll of film. He went on to patent the first handheld camera compatible with roll film in 1888. He established the Eastman Company in 1889, which has since been named the Eastman Kodak Company since 1892. The Kodak camera allowed amateur photographers and citizens to document their surroundings and capture significant events throughout history, providing us with most of our visual aids of historical events.

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The first telephone was invented in 1876 by Scottish Immigrant Alexander Graham Bell. He reached the breakthrough with his invention by using a "liquid transmitter" device, converting sound waves into electrical signals. The telephone will always be one of the most important inventions of all time, it revolutionized business and personal communication throughout the world.

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The Bessemer process was discovered by William Kelly in 1851, but the process is named after British engineer Henry Bessemer who patented the process when he discovered it independently. The process involves blowing air through molten iron to separate the impurities from high grade steel. This allowed the manufacturing of large quantities of steel at low costs. The steel produced was used for plows, reapers, barbed wire, cables for suspension bridges, and much more due to its sturdy and high quality nature.

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