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The new British system of education had its benefits and flaws. On one hand, India now had new philosophical ideas induced into society. New  systems and ideas like democracy and liberty were brought in. On the negative side, Indian languages were given less importance, leaving tens of thousand still illiterate.

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Due to tradition, women and girls weren't allowed to attain an education. To   better the role and status omen played in society, the British government started setting up girls schools. Jyotiba Phule and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar helped organize and set up these schools. Bethune College in Calcutta was one of the first women's college to open.

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Sir Charles Wood, in the year 1854, created a plan regarding education in India. In 1857, he  constructed colleges across Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. The following year, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee graduated from one of Sir Charles's universities.

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After overcoming the initial reluctance towards involvement with locals, the British opened up a few schools in Madras, Bombay and Bengal (Focus cities)- thus introducing the 'western education system' to the locals. To help communicate, the British acquired 'interpreters' who helped bridge the language barriers with locals. This brought in the medium of English to the Indians.
In 1813, the 'Charter Act' was implemented. The colonizers funded the spread of education through the colony- with a sum of one lakh rupees.
This led to a dispute between; the Orientalists- who supported the traditional education system- and the Anglicists- who were for the new western way of education. Many Indian scholars supported the western system and believed that this was the only way.
In 1815, Lord Macaulay announced "the great object of the British government ought to be the promotion of European literature and science"- this situated with the western way of education and English as the language.
Finally, In 1844, the British government declared that citizens who were well versed in English would be favored upon in employment.

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Before the British inhabited India, education here was traditional and ancient in nature- meaning texts being taught weren't advanced and up to date with new prorogued being made in science and literature all over the world. Only a scarce amount of people took their education to the next level, the rest only studied the basics.

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- In the year 1886, Dadabhai Naoroji (national leader and legislator), published a theory regarding how the British were draining India's wealth. It talked about how the British took advantage of the vast availability of resources in India. The theory included specifics on how the flow of wealth from these tow nations, was actually only a one way flow. If the Indian resources remained within the country and continued progressing the way it was before the British, India would not have been in poverty.

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While craftsmen and artisans were negatively affected, traders faced major positive development.  These traders encouraged the British systems and supported their ideas, as they profited from the new changes being made. This new 'class' consisted off; the moneylenders, landowners and traders.

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Pre-colonial India was excelling in their textile and farming sectors. When they country was colonized the British took control and directed profits to themselves- wrecking India's 'cottage industries'.

- Due to the 'subsidiary' system' many artisans lost their jobs as the sales of the product reduced.
- The British having developed machinery to produce cotton products, made sure almost, if not all, the raw-cotton was sent to Britain- leaving local weavers losing income, as the demand for woven cloth declined.
- Heavy tax being imposed on Indian textile caused a reduced number of people to buy it, once again- leading to a fall in the want for Indian textile.
- With the British machine made products entering Indian markets, at a lower cost, less and less people bought hand made-woven-products.
- Finally, the 'One Way Free Trade' policy demolished the market and industry for the Indian products and the artisans jobs.

All these actions lead to a fall in the Indian handicrafts and art sector, leaving India a provider or raw materials.

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- ILL-TREATMENT TOWARDS ARTISANS AND WEAVERS -

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- ILL-TREATMENT TOWARDS ARTISANS AND WEAVERS -

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- This system was instigated within 1792 & 1827, in the provinces of Madras and Bombay.
- The deal was made between a 'ryot' and the British officials. (ryot is the farmer)
- The 'ryot' was made to pay (around) 50% of the amount revived for crops grown, regardless of the success in growing the crops (even if the crops were demolished or had rot).
- This situation led most ryot's to loans, to be able to pay their share to the British.
- In any case where the ryot wasn't able to pay their due, their ownership of the land was stripped, resulting in them becoming laborers.

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- This system was established in the year 1830, in the regions of Punjab, Gangetic Plain, Northwest Provinces, along with certain parts of central India.
- The agreements were made with Landowners or the head of households.
- Each landlord was in charge of managing and guaranteeing payment of land-tax to the British.

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The British were focused on the growth of their own economy, hence economic developments were made to gain tax, for their  benefit.

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- This system was implemented in the year 1798, by Lord Cornwallis, in Bengal.
- Land was sold to whoever paid the highest amount, on a permanent basis.
- The landlords were known as "Zamindars".
- Zamindars had to pay 'Land Revenue Tax', which was set at a permanent rate of 90% of the rent the farmers living there paid.
- On the condition of the tax being payed periodically and consistently- the Zamindars were given permanent occupancy on the land and assurance of remaining the owner.
- The Zamindars grew comfortable with their arrangement regarding the tax system; leaving laborers exploited.
- Only 'cash crops' were allowed to be grown- causing famine and the soil to become barren.

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Policies the British Introduced in India.

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Policies the British Introduced in India.