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1. Help pupils develop a sense of responsibility

2. Increase pupils’ sense of ownership

3. Help students establish self-discipline

4. Promote self-advocacy skills

5. Provide positive feedback and encouragement

6. Teach students to cope with mistakes and failure

7. Accept students for who they are

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12-18 years old

Individuals play with their sense self.

1. experiment with their identity,

2. compare themselves with others,

3. develop the basis of a self-concept that may stay with them the rest of their life.

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7 to 11 years old
Children are beginning to develop a sense of their social selves and figuring out how they fit in with everyone else.

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The Formation of Self-Concept During Early Childhood

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The Formation of Self-Concept During Early Childhood

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Stage 1: 0 to 2 years-old

At age two, language skill develops and toddlers have a sense of “me.”
Stage 2: 3 to 4 years-old
Preschoolers are increasingly independent and curious about what they can do.
Stage 3: 5 to 6 years-old
Five and six-year-olds can use even more advanced language to help define themselves within the context of the group

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Role refers to a set of expected behaviors determined by familial, cultural, and social norms.

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The judgment of personal performance compared with the self-ideal.

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An attitude about one’s physical attributes and characteristics, appearance, and performance.

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The sense of what sets a person apart from others. It may include the person’s name, gender, ethnicity, family status, occupation, and roles.

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The cognitive or thinking aspect of self which related to one's self-image.

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You can read the google slides below for more details.

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How does this theory makes us a better teacher?

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How does this theory makes us a better teacher?

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1) A positive relationship between teacher and students

2) Student-centered education benefits both the teacher and the students

3) Students will be able to become a fully-functioning person

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This therapy is to help the person become self aware so that he can change his/her own behavior and improve his self-concept. It reduce anxiety tension and defensiveness by providing a non-judgemental environment.

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CONGRUENCE
When a person’s ideal self is consistent to their actual experiences.

INCONGRUENCE

When a person’s ideal self is not consistent with what happens in their life.

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This is the person who we would like to be.

It consists of our goals and ambitions in life.

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What we think about ourselves.

It was developed in early childhood and formed from the interaction of the child with the mother and father.

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How we see ourselves.

It includes the influence of our body image on inner personality.

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It is influenced by childhood experiences and evaluation of others.

It includes three components:

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Defined as "the organized, consistent set of perceptions and beliefs about oneself."

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CHARACTERISTICS OF A FULLY FUNCTIONING PERSON

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CHARACTERISTICS OF A FULLY FUNCTIONING PERSON

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He regarded the fully functioning person as an ideal and one that people do not ultimately achieve.

These people are well adjusted, well balanced and interesting to know. Usually these are considered as high achievers in society.

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Very similar to the belief of Maslow’s, but Carl Rogers believed that individuals could grow.

In order for a person to grow, they need a good environment that provides them genuineness, acceptance and empathy.

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You can read the google slides below for more details.

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Watch the video to understand briefly about it.

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Heinz Dilemma - Kohlberg's stages of Moral Development (Interactive Animation)

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Virtue is Wisdom

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Virtue is Care

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Virtue is Love

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Virtue is Fidelity

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Virtue is Competence

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Virtue is Purpose

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Virtue is Will

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Virtue is Hope

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•Makes teacher aware that there’s an optimal age for language acquisition among children.

•Assists teacher to facilitate second language learning for young children during early childhood as they are primed for natural language acquisition

•Helps teachers to facilitate second language learning by explicitly focus on the structural differences between students’ first and second languages

•Allows teachers to use more natural, immersive approaches that mimic the way we acquire our first languages, rather than memorizing grammatical rules and vocabulary lists.

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1. L.A.D. concept and theory is questioned as it offers only a hypothetical explanation and we don’t really know where it’s located in our brain.

2. The model ignores the importance of social interaction.

3. Disregard the role of imitation; especially when adult is using a structure that the child themselves has not started to use yet.

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1.Languages share certain basic traits
2.We learn language almost effortlessly
3.We learn in the same sequence
4.We learn despite a ‘poverty of stimulus’

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Children are born with an innate knowledge which guides them in the language acquisition task

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1. Understand children cognitive development
2.Teacher as support
3. Plan activities in classroom

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3 ideas of Cognitive Development by Vygotsky

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How the understanding of Maslow's theory makes us better teachers?

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How the understanding of Maslow's theory makes us better teachers?

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1. It provides teachers a reminder and framework that our students are less likely to perform at their full potential if their basic needs are unmet.

2. It helps teachers to conduct a class that cater to learners’ basic needs

3. It assists teachers to promote conducive class climate so that students have the capability of reaching their highest levels of potential.

4. A teacher should use her knowledge of the hierarchy to structure both the lesson plan and the classroom environment; ideally, so that the classroom would meet as many of the needs of students as possible, especially the safety, belonging and esteem needs.

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1. Abraham Lincoln

2. Albert Einstein

3. Thomas Jefferson

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The important concept that relates to the difference between what a child can achieve independently and what a child can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner

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A process which involves  the embedding of social activities and cognitive process

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The important concept relates the differences what a child can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partners

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●a process through which the teacher adds supports for students in order to enhance learning process.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF ACTUALIZED PERSON 

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CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF ACTUALIZED PERSON 

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1. Perceive reality efficiently and can tolerate uncertainty.

2. Accept themselves and others for what they are.

3. Highly creative

4.  Able to look at life objectively

5.    Spontaneous in thought and action

6. Strong moral/ethical standards

7. Unusual sense of humor

8. have  deep appreciation of basic life-experience

9. Concerned for the welfare of humanity

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You can read the google slides below for more details.

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★Through social interactions, language provide learners access to knowledge others already have.

★Language allows learners to think about the world and solve problems with their cognitive tools.

★Individual function-gives us means to regulate and reflect our own thinking.

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-Cognitive development varies across cultures, a result of social interaction.

-Child develops their knowledge through interaction with adults and peers.Adults play crucial role to guide and support the interaction

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Stages of Cognitive Development

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4. Accomodation
•is another part of adaptation involves changing or altering our existing schemas in light of new information or changing approaches when an existing schema doesn’t work in a particular situation.

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3. Assimilation
•the process of using an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation.

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2. Process of Equilibrium
•the force which moves development along. Piaget believed that cognitive development did not progress at a steady rate, but rather in leaps and bounds.

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Core Concept of Cognitive Development.

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1. Schema
•In Piaget's view, a schema includes both a category of knowledge and the process of obtaining that knowledge.

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It is generally divided into 3 types of needs: basic needs, psychological needs and self-fulfillment needs.

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Watch the video to understand briefly about it

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What is Self-Concept? Characteristics and Components.

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Watch the video to understand briefly about it

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Carl Rogers Self Actualization Theory (Fun & Simple Explanation)

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Watch the video to understand briefly about it.

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You can read the google slides below for more details.

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How the understanding of Sigmund Freud's theory makes you a better teacher?

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How the understanding of Sigmund Freud's theory makes you a better teacher?

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1. Learn about our students’ experiences, preconceptions, or misconceptions.

2. Help students become more metacognitive aware.

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General type of transference in which the client treats others as idealized versions of what the client expects them to be, rather than what they truly are.

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This type may occur when parental relationships break down or are lacking; instead of treating another person as a parent, the client transfers a more peer-based relationship onto the other person.

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The client looks to another person as a mother or an idealized mother figure

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In this type, the client looks to another person  as a father or idealized father figure

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Transference and Other Forms of Resistance in Psychoanalysis

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Transference and Other Forms of Resistance in Psychoanalysis

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Resistance is the client’s general unwillingness to change their behavior and engage in growth through therapy.

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1. First sign of cerebral palsy
2. Signs may be noticed by individuals likely to be aware of child's developmental status

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Thinking & Cognitive

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Teachers viewing the whole process as funds of knowledge

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Teachers viewing the whole process as funds of knowledge

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Teachers can show respect for all learners

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Teachers can show respect for all learners

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Teachers will be able to get to know the learners better

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Teachers will be able to get to know the learners better

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Effects of Language Diversity & Individual Differences in Creating Better Teachers

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Effects of Language Diversity & Individual Differences in Creating Better Teachers

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Impact of Language Diversity on the World Outside of the Classroom

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Impact of Language Diversity on the World Outside of the Classroom

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Prepare students to be bilingual and multilingual speakers.

Students become more understanding towards other cultures as they learn more about the languages.

Students can avoid being judgmental towards other cultures.

Increase students' self-esteem when they can communicate in multi-languages.